Download or read book Effects of In feed Additives on Performance Gut Microbe Ecology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Enterobacteria on Nursery Pigs written by Hayden Ervin Williams and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments using a total of 720 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of Elarom SES, in-feed antibiotics, zinc, or copper on nursery pig growth performance and fecal consistency. Two experiments using a total of 1,534 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of formaldehyde inclusion, lysine level, and synthetic amino acid inclusion on nursery pig performance, amino acid utilization, and gut microbial community. One experiment using a total of 300 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of chlortetracycline (CTC) or a probiotic inclusion on nursery pig growth performance and antimicrobial susceptibility. Experiment 1 determined the effect of Elarom SES, in-feed antibiotics, or zinc on nursery pig performance and fecal consistency. The addition of Elarom SES or ZnO alone reduced ADG, but G:F was poorest when all three additives were fed in combination. Addition of in-feed antibiotics increased ADG and G:F throughout the study. Experiment 2 determined the effects of Elarom SES or copper inclusion on nursery pig performance and fecal consistency. The addition of Elarom SES or increasing copper did not provide consistent benefits in performance. In both experiments, there were no individual or overall treatment effects or treatment × day interactions observed for fecal consistency. Experiment 3 compared the effects of formaldehyde source and lysine level on nursery pig growth performance. Regardless of source or lys level, the inclusion of formaldehyde in nursery pig diets marginally reduced ADG and resulted in poorer G:F. Experiment 4 compared the effects of formaldehyde and synthetic amino acid inclusion level on nursery pig growth performance, amino acid utilization, and gut microbial community. The inclusion of Sal CURB in diets reduced ADG and ending BW while inclusion decreased ADFI. ADFI response was dependent on synthetic amino acid level in the diet. Sal CURB inclusion in diets reduced total and available lysine, but reduced bacterial microflora in treatment feed. Experiment 5 determined the effects of CTC or a probiotic on nursery pig performance and antimicrobial susceptibility. The addition of CTC to diets improved ADG, ADFI, and ending BW. The addition of Poultry Star improved ADFI and d 14 BW, but benefits did not carry throughout the study.
Download or read book Effects of Commercial Feed Additives on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota of Nursery Pigs written by Xiaoyuan Wei and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To secure animal welfare and maximum production, feed additives are often added to nursery pig diets to increase nutrition digestibility, enhance intestinal health, and prevent or mitigate disease, with the ultimate goal of improving growth performance. This thesis performed a longitudinal analysis using next-generation sequencing to investigate the dynamic changes of gut microbiota in weaned pigs fed commercial feed additives. Chapter II was used to evaluate the effects of organic acid mixture on growth performance and gut microbiota of weaning pigs. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of 0.035% (SBA0.035) or 0.070% (SBA0.070) sodium butyrate in a diet containing 0.5% benzoic acid improved the growth performance of weaning pigs. The SBA0.035 diet revealed the greatest gut microbial diversity and the enrichment of several potentially beneficial bacterial taxa such as Oscillospira, Blautia, and Turicibacter. The results showed that the gut community benefitted more in pigs fed this diet compared to the other diets used in this study. Chapter III evaluated the impact of peptides along with probiotic and ZnO on the growth performance and fecal microbiome of weaning pigs. Results indicated that the combination diet of peptides and ZnO can offer equivalent growth performance but at a lower cost as compared to the diet containing SDPP and ZnO. Gut microbiota analysis clearly showed that diet containing peptides plus ZnO had similar impacts on specific bacteria as dietary SDPP in combination with ZnO, which may have contributed to increased growth performance. In Chapter IV, we evaluated the growth performance and gut microbiota of weaning pigs subjected to different levels of peptides with or without the pharmaceutical level of ZnO supplementation in a nutrient‐deficient diet. Results revealed that the pharmaceutical level of ZnO conditioned the gut community to a point where the peptides could effectively restore growth performance in nursery pigs fed nutrient-deficient diets.
Download or read book Gut Environment of Pigs written by J. E. Lindberg and published by 5m Books Ltd. This book was released on 2020-11-22 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume discusses two main subjects concerning pigs: the mechanisms that determine their gastrointestinal tract's ability to withstand potential damage and the European Union's use of feed additives and probiotics instead of antibiotics as growth promoters.
Download or read book The Effect of Feeding Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts on Growth Performance and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fecal Escherichia Coli in Sows and Nursery Pigs written by Jenna Austin Chance and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is comprised of 3 chapters involving studies evaluating live yeast and yeast extracts with or without the addition of pharmacological levels of Zn, feeding sows live yeast and a yeast extract and following their offspring into the nursery where progeny were fed varying inclusions of yeast additives and direct fed microbials (DFM). Chapter 1 involved 360 weanling barrows to determine the effects of feeding live yeast and yeast extracts with or without pharmacological Zn on nursery pig growth performance, fecal dry matter (DM), and antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecal E.coli. The results suggest that feeding pharmacological Zn for 21-d post-weaning is an effective strategy to optimize growth performance, economic criteria, and increase fecal DM for the first few days following weaning. Although all isolates were classified as susceptible to ciprofloxacin, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fecal E.coli tended to be increased when pigs were fed pharmacological levels of Zn but no difference was observed to the remaining thirteen antimicrobials that were evaluated. Thus, the short-term use of pharmacological levels of Zn did not increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There was no benefit for any of the growth, economic, fecal DM, or AMR response criteria when live yeast and yeast extracts were included in the diets. Chapter 2 involved three batch-farrowing groups where 80 sows were used to determine the effects of feeding live yeast and a yeast extract's impact on sow and litter performance. One of the three sow groups (27 sows) were used to determine the yeast additives impact on the antimicrobial susceptibility of sow fecal E.coli. The results suggest that feeding live yeast and a yeast extract, from d 110 of gestation through lactation, may increase sow feed intake but had no impact on any other sow or litter performance criteria. A diet by sampling day interaction revealed that fecal E.coli isolates gained resistance to the antimicrobial cefoxitin over time when the yeast additives were included in the diet, but the main effect of diet had no impact on any of the fourteen antibiotics tested. Chapter 3 consisted of two experiments which used 670 weaned pigs to evaluate previous sow treatment (control vs yeast additives) and nursery diets with varying combinations of yeast additives and DFM. In Exp. 1, subsequent offspring from one of the sow groups in chapter 2 were fed either a control diet or a diet that contained live yeast and yeast extracts to evaluate growth performance and the AMR patterns of fecal E.coli. In Exp 2., subsequent offspring from one of the sow groups in chapter 2 were fed either a control diet, a diet containing yeast extracts (DFM 1), or a diet with Bacillus spp. and yeast extracts (DFM 2). Results from both studies suggest that feeding sows yeast additives from d 110 of gestation through lactation can improve growth performance of their offspring in the nursery. In Exp. 1, feeding live yeast and yeast extracts in the nursery appeared to hinder growth performance. However, in Exp. 2, pigs that were fed DFM 2 reported optimized growth in the late nursery period. In Exp 1., results suggest that progeny from sows that were fed yeast might increase the potential of fecal E.coli MIC to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Yet, feeding live yeast and yeast extracts in the nursery may lower the MIC of azithromycin and chloramphenicol of fecal E.coli.
Download or read book The Effects of Various Feed Additives on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs written by Jennifer Tucker and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Feed Additives to Improve Growth Performance in Nursery Pigs and Meat Goats written by Payton Lane Dahmer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four studies were conducted to evaluate methods to nutritionally improve nursery pig or meat goat growth and efficiency. In Exp. 1, a total of 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 x 400; 5.4 ± 0.07 kg BW) were fed for 35 days, with 6 pigs/pen and 10 replicate pens/treatment. Pigs were allotted based on BW in a completely randomized design to treatment diets: 1) Negative control; 2) Control + 3,000 ppm ZnO in phase 1 and 2,000 ppm ZnO in phase 2; 3) Control + 50 g/ton carbadox; 4) Control + C6:C8:C10 MCFA blend; 5) Control + Proprietary Oil Blend (Feed Energy Corp.); 6) Control + monolaurate blend (FORMI GML from ADDCON). Treatments were fed through two dietary phases and a common diet fed through phase three. Pigs and feeders were individually weighed on a weekly basis to determine average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). From d 0 to 19, pigs being fed the ZnO or Carbadox diets had the greatest ADG. These pigs had significantly higher (P 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the control or Feed Energy Proprietary Oil Blend, while pigs fed the C6:C8:C10 blend or FORMI GML diets had similar (P 0.05) ADG compared to those fed carbadox. Overall, these results show that ZnO and carbadox are valuable additives to help maximize growth performance in early stages of the nursery. Some MCFA products may result in similar performance while others restrict it. Next, a total of 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 x 400; initially 9.7 ± 0.23 kg BW) were used in a 21-d experiment with 6 pigs/pen and 10 replicate pens/treatment. Pigs were allotted to pens based on BW in a completely randomized block design to one of 6 diets: 1) Negative control (no organic acids or antibiotics); 2) Control + 0.25% Commercial Acidifier A) Control + 0.3% Commercial Acidifier B; 4) Control + 0.5% Commercial Acidifier C); 5) Control + 50 g/ton Carbadox; 6) Control + 400 g/ton Chlortetracycline). Dietary treatment had a significant impact (P 0.05) on ADG, ADFI and G:F for the entire experiment. Carbadox negatively impacted ADG and ADFI (P 0.0001), while pigs fed CTC had improved (P
Download or read book The Effects of Feeding Deoxynivalenol Contaminated Low Complexity Diets to Nursery Pigs with Or Without Immune Modulating Feed Additives written by Elise Lafleur Lariviere and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pork producers operate under tight profit margins. Nursery diets are the most expensive in the pork production cycle. Therefore, this thesis investigated the use of low-complexity (LC) diets in the nursery and assessed the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination and the supplementation of a commercial feed additive or fish oil on pig growth performance, gut morphology, and immune response to assess application to industry. Growth performance was not different for pigs fed LC diets with no or low DON contamination than pigs fed the high-complexity diet as the same bodyweight was reached by the end of the nursery period. The commercial feed additive improved certain immune parameters and gut morphology when feeding high DON-contaminated diets but did not rescue growth performance. Therefore, low-complexity diets could be fed to nursery pigs so long as DON-contamination is below 1.5 ppm, and the commercial feed additive may improve immune function and gut morphology.
Download or read book The Effects of Feed Additives Sodium Metabisulfite and Processing Conditions on Nursery Pigs Fed Diets Containing Deoxynivalenol written by Hyatt Lowell Frobose and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirteen experiments using a total of 7,589 nursery and finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON), feed additives and processing conditions on nursery pig growth performance. In addition, feed withdrawal and diet blending were evaluated in finishing pigs. Experiment 1 tested 3 feed additives in DON-contaminated diets with only Defusion Plus improving performance. Experiment 2 evaluated Biofix in both low- and high-DON diets and showed no effects on growth. Experiments 3 and 4 further evaluated levels of Defusion and the effects of pelleting and supplemental nutrients in DON-contaminated diets. Defusion improved growth in low-DON diets, but had variable effects in high DON diets. Pelleting DON-contaminated diets resulted in comparable growth to pigs fed positive control diets in meal form. In Exp. 5 and 6, pilot studies evaluated DON-detoxification using sodium metabisulfite (SMB) with hydrothermal treatment in both an autoclave and a pellet mill. These conditions reduced analyzed DON by as much as 89 and 75% for the autoclave and pellet mill, respectively. In Exp. 7 and 8, pelleting DON-contaminated diets with SMB improved growth. Experiments 9 and 10 evaluated feed-withdrawal time on carcass composition and economic returns. These experiments showed that pre-slaughter fasting for up to 36 h prior can be used to avoid weight discounts in heavyweight pigs without negatively impacting carcass composition and maintaining overall revenue. However, these advantages come with a potential reduction in carcass weight and increased incidence of leaking ingesta, which can result in condemned heads. Experiments 11, 12, and 13 compared phase-feeding to blending diets using an automated feed delivery system. These studies showed that corn-supplement blending is not economical and feeding diets blended to a Lys curve results in lower feed costs compared to phase-feeding, but due to reductions in growth and carcass weight, these savings do not translate into higher income over feed cost. Finally, Exp. 13 showed that over- and under-budgeting situations do not significantly influence overall returns, but pigs fed under-budgeted diets performed more closely to those fed correctly estimated feed budgets.
Download or read book Effects of Antimicrobial Feed Additives as Pre harvest Intervention Measure to Reduce Campylobacter Coli in Pigs written by Katharina Bratz and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Drugs in Food Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-01-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.
Download or read book Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine written by Ramesh C. Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 877 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique work compiles the latest knowledge around veterinary nutraceuticals, commonly referred to as dietary supplements, from ingredients to final products in a single source. More than sixty chapters organized in seven sections collate all related aspects of nutraceutical research in animal health and disease, among them many novel topics: common nutraceutical ingredients (Section-I), prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, enzymes and antibacterial alternatives (Section-II), applications of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of various diseases such as arthritis, periodontitis, diabetes, cognitive dysfunctions, mastitis, wounds, immune disorders, and cancer (Section-III), utilization of nutraceuticals in specific animal species (Section-IV), safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals and functional foods (Section-V), recent trends in nutraceutical research and product development (Section-VI), as well as regulatory aspects for nutraceuticals (Section-VII). The future of nutraceuticals and functional foods in veterinary medicine seems bright, as novel nutraceuticals will emerge and new uses of old agents will be discovered. International contributors to this book cover a variety of specialties in veterinary medicine, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, toxicology, chemistry, medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, nutrition, drug development, regulatory frameworks, and the nutraceutical industry. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing scientific insight for academia, veterinarians, governmental and regulatory agencies with an interest in animal nutrition, complementary veterinary medicine, nutraceutical product development and research.
Download or read book Poultry Diseases Influenced by Gastrointestinal Health written by Gino Lorenzoni and published by Nottingham University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a wealth of background knowledge on poultry anatomy, physiology, and immunology, this comprehensive reference explores poultry diseases that are directly related to or influenced by the gastrointestinal tract. Filled with useful images, this informative record discusses the impact of human pathogens harbored by poultry and offers alternatives to antibiotics in the treatment of intestinal disorders in poultry.
Download or read book E Coli Infections written by Luis Rodrigo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria are the most numerous commensal aerobic germs located in the human colon. Diarrhea caused by E. coli pathogenic strains is a major cause of death in developing countries, especially the sub-Saharan and South Asian areas. Some strains cause diarrhea, and all of them may produce an infectious disease. This book includes ten chapters covering the main aspects of infections related to E. coli, their pathogenic mechanisms, treatments, and resistance to diverse antibiotics.
Download or read book Probiotics and Prebiotics in Animal Health and Food Safety written by Diana Di Gioia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the role of probiotics and prebiotics in maintaining the health status of a broad range of animal groups used for food production. It also highlights the use of beneficial microorganisms as protective agents in animal derived foods. The book provides essential information on the characterization and definition of probiotics on the basis of recently released guidelines and reflecting the latest trends in bacterial taxonomy. Last but not least, it discusses the concept of “dead” probiotics and their benefits to animal health in detail. The book will benefit all professors, students, researchers and practitioners in academia and industry whose work involves biotechnology, veterinary sciences or food production.
Download or read book Public Health Significance of Urban Pests written by Xavier Bonnefoy and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favoured the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners now face the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, in which city suburbs are growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics of the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect effects of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO invited international experts in various fields - pests, pest-related diseases and pest management - to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts identified the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future. [Ed.]
Download or read book Probiotic in Animals written by Everlon Rigobelo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades the prevalence of studies about probiotics strains has dramatically grown in most regions of the world. The use of probiotics strains in animals production may reduce several problems caused by antibiotics therapy, growth promoter and problems from inadequate management. Probiotics are specific strains of microorganisms, which when served to human or animals in proper amount, have a beneficial effect, improving health or reducing risk of get sick. This book provides the maximum of information for all that need them trying with this to help many people at worldwide.
Download or read book Foodborne Microbial Pathogens written by Arun K. Bhunia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book primarily covers the general description of foodborne pathogens and their mechanisms of pathogenesis, control and prevention, and detection strategies, with easy-to-comprehend illustrations. The book is an essential resource for food microbiology graduate or undergraduate students, microbiology professionals, and academicians involved in food microbiology, food safety, and food defense-related research or teaching. This new edition covers the significant progress that has been made since 2008 in understanding the pathogenic mechanism of some common foodborne pathogens, and the host-pathogen interaction. Foodborne and food-associated zoonotic pathogens, responsible for high rates of mortality and morbidity, are discussed in detail. Chapters on foodborne viruses, parasites, molds and mycotoxins, and fish and shellfish are expanded. Additionally, chapters on opportunistic and emerging foodborne pathogens including Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Brucella abortus, Clostridium difficile, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Plesiomonas shigelloides have been added. The second edition contains more line drawings, color photographs, and hand-drawn illustrations.
