Download or read book Effects of Heat Stress and Fescue Toxicosis on the Immune System and Other Physiological Parameters written by Deepan Kirubaharan Kishore and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tall fescue is widely used as pasture grass in the United States, and is the most important cool season grass for grazing animals. Certain fungi also grow on these grasses which produce toxins, resulting in reduced feed intake (FI), body weight (BW) and a compromised thermoregulatory system when consumed by animals . Our first study showed that sensitizing rats helped them adapt to the toxin by maintaining a lower core body temperature on subsequent exposure. The short-term study showed an increased proinflammatory response to stimulation with bacterial toxins. In the long-term study, the proinflammatory response was less severe with adaptation. However, cell mediated immunity was compromised, which makes animals susceptible to invading pathogens. This research identified adaptive responses to fescue toxicosis that highlighted shifts in immune function.
Download or read book Temporal Effects of Fescue Toxicosis and Heat Stress on Rat Physiology and Hepatic Gene Expression written by Raja Sekhar Settivari and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fescue toxicosis results from intake of toxins in fescue containing an endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum. Time-related changes in rats associated with intake of an endophyte-infected fescue diet (E+) were evaluated under thermoneutral (TN), and both short- and long-term heat stress (HS) conditions. Short-term E+ intake decreased feed intake and growth rate under both conditions, whereas rats exhibited signs of adaptation during long-term exposure with better recovery occurring under TN conditions. Rats fed an E+ diet did not change core temperature during TN, but under HS conditions they exhibited a short-term increase in core temperature above control level. However, there was adaptive return of this temperature to TN level with long-term exposure. Short-term E+ intake at TN decreased serum glucose, urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol; whereas long-term E+ intake under these conditions resulted in complete adaptation. In contrast, short-term E+ intake at HS did not affect serum biochemistry, while long-term intake decreased all the above mentioned serum parameters. Serum prolactin level was decreased during both short- or long-term TN and HS conditions. The E+ diet decreased hepatic antioxidant gene expression, with even greater reduction as a result of HS. Long-term E+ intake and HS increased expression of cytochrome P450 and detoxification pathways, respectively. Genes associated with immune response increased with long-term E+ at TN, but decreased with E+ diet at HS. Similarly, genes coding for chaperone and DNA repair decreased with long-term E+ at TN, but increased with E+ and HS. Recovery observed in E+ rats at TN could be attributed to increased gene expression for detoxification and immune response, whereas decreased antioxidant and immune response associated genes could contribute to distress associated with E+ at HS. Fescue toxicosis results from intake of toxins in fescue containing an endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum. Time-related changes in rats associated with intake of an endophyte-infected fescue diet (E+) were evaluated under thermoneutral (TN), and both short- and long-term heat stress (HS) conditions. Short-term E+ intake decreased feed intake and growth rate under both conditions, whereas rats exhibited signs of adaptation during long-term exposure with better recovery occurring under TN conditions. Rats fed an E+ diet did not change core temperature during TN, but under HS conditions they exhibited a short-term increase in core temperature above control level. However, there was adaptive return of this temperature to TN level with long-term exposure. Short-term E+ intake at TN decreased serum glucose, urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol; whereas long-term E+ intake under these conditions resulted in complete adaptation. In contrast, short-term E+ intake at HS did not affect serum biochemistry, while long-term intake decreased all the above mentioned serum parameters. Serum prolactin level was decreased during both short- or long-term TN and HS conditions. The E+ diet decreased hepatic antioxidant gene expression, with even greater reduction as a result of HS. Long-term E+ intake and HS increased expression of cytochrome P450 and detoxification pathways, respectively. Genes associated with immune response increased with long-term E+ at TN, but decreased with E+ diet at HS. Similarly, genes coding for chaperone and DNA repair decreased with long-term E+ at TN, but increased with E+ and HS. Recovery observed in E+ rats at TN could be attributed to increased gene expression for detoxification and immune response, whereas decreased antioxidant and immune response associated genes could contribute to distress associated with E+ at HS.
Download or read book Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production written by Veerasamy Sejian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the importance of livestock to the global economy, there is a substantial need for world-class reference material on the sustainable management of livestock in diverse eco-regions. With uncertain climates involving unpredictable extreme events (e.g., heat, drought, infectious disease), environmental stresses are becoming the most crucial factors affecting livestock productivity. By systematically and comprehensively addressing all aspects of environmental stresses and livestock productivity, this volume is a useful tool for understanding the various intricacies of stress physiology. With information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, this book explores the influence of the environment on livestock production across global biomes. The challenges the livestock industry faces in maintaining the delicate balance between animal welfare and production are also highlighted.
Download or read book Heat Stress and Animal Productivity written by Anjali Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Anjali Aggarwal is working as a Senior Scientist at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). She holds a PhD degree in Animal Physiology and is involved in research and teaching at post-graduate level. Her area of research work is stress and environmental physiology. She has more than 50 publications, two technical bulletins, four manuals and many book chapters to her credit. She has successfully guided many post-graduate and PhD students. Her major research accomplishments are on microclimatic modification for alleviation of heat and cold stress, mist and fan cooling systems for cows and buffaloes, and use of wallowing tank in buffaloes. Her work involves the use of technology of supplementing micronutrients during dry period and early lactation to crossbred and indigenous cows for alleviating metabolic and oxidative stress and improved health and productivity. Studies are also done in her lab on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes as a result of exercise or exposure to heat stress. Dr. R.C. Upadhyay is working as Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). He graduated in Veterinary Sciences and obtained his PhD degree in Animal Physiology. His area of recent research is climate change, stress, and environmental physiology. His major research accomplishment is on climate change impact assessment of milk production and growth in livestock. His work also involves studying methane conversion and emission factors for Indian livestock and use of IPCC methodology of methane inventory of Indian livestock. Heat shock protein-70 expression studies in cattle and buffaloes are also done in his lab. Draught animal power evaluation, fatigue assessment, work-rest cycle and work limiting factors form the highlights of his work. Studies on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes and electrocardiographic studies in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat are also undertaken in his lab. He has more than 75 research papers, four books and several book chapters to his credit. Technologies developed and research done by him include methodology of methane measurement: open and closed circuit for cattle and buffaloes; inventory of methane emission from livestock using IPCC methodology; livestock stress index: thermal stress measurement based on physiological functions; and draught power evaluation system and large animal treadmill system. He received training in Radio-nuclides in medicine at Australian School of Nuclear Technology, Lucas heights, NSW, Australia in 1985 and Use of radioisotopes in cardiovascular investigations at CSIRO, Prospect, NSW, Australia, during 1985-86. He has guided several post-graduate and PhD students. He is recipient of Hari Om Ashram Award-1990 (ICAR) for outstanding research in animal sciences.
Download or read book Tall Fescue for the Twenty first Century written by Henry A. Fribourg and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2009 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Book and Multimedia Publishing Committee; David Baltensperger, chair ... [et al.]."
Download or read book Harm and Benefit of Plant and Fungal Secondary Metabolites in Food Animal Production written by Michael D. Flythe and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Livestock species are either herbivores or omnivores that are maintained largely on plant-based diets. We have long appreciated the importance of understanding dietary plants from both nutritional and agronomic perspectives. However, it is increasingly clear that the fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms that live in the plants and animals are also significant factors in the ecology of agricultural animals. Many of the effects exerted on animals by dietary plants are attributable to secondary metabolites produced by the plants themselves or commensal microorganisms. Some fungal and plant secondary metabolites have multiple biological effects. We must be careful not to categorize a plant as strictly beneficial or harmful. Furthermore, we must be careful not to categorize even a particular plant or fungal compound as strictly beneficial or harmful. Rather, the harm or benefit of secondary metabolites are often dependent on the metabolic status of the animal, the interaction with other dietary factors including other secondary metabolites, and the dose received through the diet. This collection examines a range of agriculturally important plant and fungal products including essential oils, alkaloids, isoflavones and nitrates.
Download or read book Journal of Animal Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitric Oxide in Developing Plant Stress Resilience written by M. Iqbal R Khan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-08-18 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitric Oxide in Developing Plant Stress Resilience presents a strong focus on genetics and molecular mechanisms, examining crosstalk with other signaling molecules and the role this plays in the alleviation of oxidative damage. Abiotic stress negatively impacts plants productivity and alters the metabolism at the cellular or whole plant level, disturbing the mineral nutrients status, enzyme activities and osmotic homeostasis. Beginning with the biosynthesis of NO and its mode of action, chapters review various molecular interactions, including phytohormonal crosstalk, ROS metabolism, post-translational modification, and nutrients homeostasis. In addition, the book also highlights genome editing and proteomic approaches that can be used to manipulate NO responses. This is an essential resource for students and researchers interested in plant physiology, biochemistry and genetics. Highlights how Nitric Oxide acts as a signaling molecule and the ways in which this can help plants develop stress tolerance Discusses how NO interacts with other signaling molecules, including crosstalk Considers the advances and future implications of NO in agriculture
Download or read book Abstracts American Society of Animal Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consists of abstracts of papers presented at the national and sectional meetings of the American Society of Animal Science.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Ergot Alkaloids and Related Compounds written by B. Berde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contribution by numerous experts
Download or read book Abiotic Stress Response in Plants written by Arun Shanker and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants, unlike animals, are sessile. This demands that adverse changes in their environment are quickly recognized, distinguished and responded to with suitable reactions. Drought, heat, cold and salinity are among the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect plant growth and productivity. In general, abiotic stress often causes a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that unfavorably affect plant growth, development and productivity. Drought, salinity, extreme temperatures (cold and heat) and oxidative stress are often interrelated; these conditions singularly or in combination induce cellular damage. To cope with abiotic stresses, of paramount significance is to understand plant responses to abiotic stresses that disturb the homeostatic equilibrium at cellular and molecular level in order to identify a common mechanism for multiple stress tolerance. This multi authored edited compilation attempts to put forth an all-inclusive biochemical and molecular picture in a systems approach wherein mechanism and adaptation aspects of abiotic stress are dealt with. The chief objective of the book hence is to deliver state of the art information for comprehending the effects of abiotic stress in plants at the cellular level.
Download or read book Index Veterinarius written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polyphenols in Plants written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-01-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyphenols in Plants assists plant scientists and dietary supplement producers in assessing polyphenol content and factors affecting their composition. It also aids in selecting sources and regulating environmental conditions affecting yield for more consistent and function dietary supplements. Polyphenols play key roles in the growth, regulation and structure of plants and vary widely within different plants. Stress, growth conditions and plant species modify polyphenol structure and content. This book describes techniques to identify, isolate and characterize polyphenols, taking mammalian toxicology into account as well. Defines conditions of growth affecting the polyphenol levels Describes assay and instrumentation techniques critical to identifying and defining polyphenols, critical to researchers and business development Documents how some polyphenols are dangerous to consume, important to dietary supplement industry, government regulators and lay public users
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Livestock Seed Division written by United States. Agricultural Marketing Service and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
