Download or read book Effects of Feeding Soybeans and Rumen Protected Choline During the Periparturient Period and Early Lactation on Production and Reproduction of Dairy Cows written by Wendy Ann Scheer Oelrichs and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Feeding Heat Treated Soybeans and Niacin to High Producing Cows in Early Lactation written by Lindsey Spencer Driver and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metabolic Diseases of Ruminants An Issue of Veterinary Clinics Food Animal Practice written by Thomas Herdt and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-07-28 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A current, comprehensive issue on metabolic diseases for the food animal practitioner. Topics include obesity and insulin resistance in dairy cows, ketosis therapy, use of serum NEFA and BHBA concentrations in herd-level assessment, mineral nutrition in transition diets, protein, fat, and energy in dairy transition diets, prophylactic calcium therapy in peripartum dairy cows, metabolic regulators of feed intake, assessing and managing body condition score for the prevention of metabolic disease, and more!
Download or read book Effects of Rumen protected Choline Supplementation Or in Utero Exposure on Metabolism and Performance of Dairy Cows and Calves written by Henry Holdorf and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this dissertation was to improve the understanding of mechanisms behind the positive effects on milk production and health of rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation during the transition to lactation period and interrogate whether choline could benefit cattle in other stressful life stages. The objectives of the experiment presented in Chapter II were to 1) determine the impact of increasing dose of prepartum RPC supplementation on milk production and blood biomarkers in multiparous Holstein cows; 2) determine if there are continuous responses across a range of actual prepartum choline ion intakes. There was no benefit to milk production of increasing the prepartum dose of RPC, nor did milk production respond along a continuous range of prepartum choline ion intakes. There was a benefit of supplementing RPC at the current recommended dose (15 g choline ion/d) on energy corrected milk yield, consistent with previous research. This chapter also presented evidence that peripartum RPC supplementation may influence nutrient partitioning through altered insulin function and may improve gastrointestinal function. Chapter III presented the effects of maternal choline supplementation on early life performance of offspring. The objectives of the experiment presented were to 1) determine if increasing dose of late gestation RPC, supplemented to multiparous Holstein cows, would improve growth in calves; and 2) determine if in utero choline exposure alters DNA methylation patterns. In utero choline exposure improved the rate of growth and feed efficiency in female Holstein and male Holstein x Angus calves, while improving only feed efficiency in female Holstein x Angus calves. Consistent with results in adult cows presented in Chapter II, in utero choline exposure may have improved gastrointestinal function in Holstein calves. In utero choline exposure altered global DNA methylation patterns in male Holstein x Angus calves, representing a potential mechanism to explain phenotypic responses. Chapter IV interrogated the effects of supplementing RPC to multiparous Holstein cows under experimental heat stress. The objectives of this experiment were to 1) determine if supplementing RPC to heat stressed cows would improve milk production and 2) determine if supplementation was required prior to and during, or just during the heat stress insult, i.e., supplementation strategy. Either RPC supplementation strategy reduced the respiration response to heat stress compared to CTL. Supplementing RPC before and during heat stress improved milk production prior to and during heat stress while supplementation only during heat stress had no effect on milk yield. Supplementing RPC has the potential to improve performance of cattle in dairy production systems beyond the transition to lactation period. The potential for choline to impact gastrointestinal function should be further interrogated as a mechanism to explain the positive effects on performance.
Download or read book Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology E Book written by Robert S. Youngquist and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-11-23 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential resource for both students and practitioners, this comprehensive text provides practical, up-to-date information about normal reproduction and reproductive disorders in horses, cattle, small ruminants, swine, llamas, and other livestock. Featuring contributions from experts in the field, each section is devoted to a different large animal species and begins with a review of the clinically relevant aspects of the reproductive anatomy and physiology of both males and females. Key topics include the evaluation of breeding soundness, pregnancy diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment of infertility, abortion, obstetrics, surgery of the reproductive tract, care of neonates, and the latest reproductive technology. Includes coverage of all large animal species. All sections provide a review of clinically pertinent reproductive physiology and anatomy of males and females of each species. Complete coverage of the most current reproductive technology, including embryo transfer, estrous synchronization, and artificial insemination. A new section on alternative farming that addresses reproduction in bison, elk, and deer. New to the equine section: stallion management, infertility, and breeding soundness evaluation. New to the bovine section: estrous cycle synchronization, reproductive biotechnology, ultrasonographic determination of fetal gender, heifer development, and diagnosis of abortion. New to the porcine section: artificial insemination, boar/stud management, diseases of postpartum period, and infectious disease control. New to the llama section: infectious disease and nutrition.
Download or read book Production and Physiological Effects of Including Soybean Meal Or Canola Meal in Dairy Cow Diets from the Close up Dry Period to Mid lactation written by Jordan Matthew Kuehnl and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein-rich feedstuffs are used in dairy cow diets to increase overall dietary crude protein to maximize production. Traditionally, soybean meal (SBM) has been the primary protein source utilized in the United States. However, increasing knowledge of the positive production effects when substituting canola meal (CM) for other protein sources such as SBM is challenging this notion. While there is a long history of research demonstrating positive production effects during middle and late lactation, a scarcity of information exists for characterizing the effects of feeding CM during the close-up dry period and early lactation. The primary objective of the first experiment was to determine the effect of feeding isonitrogenous diets with SBM or CM as the primary protein source during the close-up dry period and early lactation on production measures in Holstein dairy cows. Furthermore, we sought to characterize the effects on temporal plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations, diet digestibility, and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Dry matter intake increased pre- and postpartum for cows fed the diets with CM compared to SBM. Additionally, cows fed the diets with CM tended to increase milk yield and decreased milk urea nitrogen compared to cows fed the diets with SBM postpartum. Plasma triiodothyronine concentrations decreased pre- and postpartum for cows fed the diets with CM compared to SBM, corresponding to increased milk yield. Diet digestibility decreased pre- and postpartum and intestinal microbial N flow decreased postpartum for cows fed the diets with CM compared to SBM. The objective of the second experiment was to determine the effect of feeding isonitrogenous diets with SBM or CM as the primary protein source during mid-lactation on production and physiological measures in Holstein dairy cows determined to have high or low residual feed intake. Dry matter intake increased for cows fed the diet with CM compared to SBM. A diet × week interaction occurred for milk yield, with increased persistence for cows fed the diet with CM compared to SBM. Plasma triiodothyronine concentrations decreased and insulin concentrations increased for cows fed the diet with CM compared to SBM, corresponding to increased milk and milk protein yields.
Download or read book Feeding Rumen protected Methionine During Pre and Postpartum Period in Dairy Cows written by Mateus Zucato Toledo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methionine (Met) is one of the most studied and characterized functional amino acid with several functions such as DNA methylation, synthesis of other molecules (e.g choline, polyamines, and carnitine,), and antioxidant balance. Thus, Met is an AA of potential interest during the periparturient period for dairy cows and may improve health, and consequently lactation and reproductive performance. The main hypothesis of this dissertation was that feeding rumen-protected Met (RPM) in a total mixed ration (TMR) during the pre- and postpartum period would increase plasma Met concentrations and improve lactation, reproductive performance, and health of dairy cows. The main projects were a collaboration between University of Wisconsin-Madison and Cornell University to enroll a large number (> 400) of cows in a pen-based design. Cows fed RPM had greater lactation performance via increased milk protein yield (overall +50 g) and concentration (+0.12 percentage units), and milk fat concentration (+0.10), but other lactation response variables were unaffected. In addition, cows fed RPM in the TMR had increased plasma Met during the periparturient period (+38%) and at a later stage of lactation (+86 to 105%) consistently throughout the day, with no changes in other AA. We observed no effect on overall reproductive efficiency, nor on the incidence of clinical health disorders. However, cows fed RPM had a reduced the number of cows with subclinical hypocalcemia on the day of parturition (-38%; UW only) and tended to have a reduced number of cows culled/sold (-32%; UW and CU). An analysis of the interaction of health disorders and RPM feeding showed that RPM feeding alleviated negative impacts of health disorders on production and reproduction. For example, feeding RPM increased milk protein production (+70 g) and reduced the time to pregnancy (mean decrease of 24 d) in cows with health disorders but not in cows without health disorders. In conclusion, feeding RPM during the pre- and postpartum period increased plasma Met and milk protein production. In contrast, feeding RPM did not reduce incidence of specific health disorders, except subclinical hypocalcemia, and did not produce any overall improvement in reproductive performance. Nevertheless, the results from these studies provided evidence to support a novel hypothesis that additional metabolizable Met, provides positive effects on production and reproduction but only in cows with health disorders and not in cows without health disorders. Since this concept was discovered during exploratory analysis of our results, important biological and practical implications and needs to be considered and thoroughly tested in future research on Met in reproduction.
Download or read book Effect of Feeding Heat processed Whole Soybeans on Milk Production Milk Composition and Milk Fatty Acid Profile written by Mike Socha and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soybeans for Dairy Cows written by Thomas M. Olson and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response of Lactating Dairy Cattle to Increasing Levels of Whole Roasted Soybeans and to Fat Supplementation During Heat Stress written by Donna Marie Knapp and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Rumen protected Choline on Milk Production and Reproduction in Holstein Cows on Two Commercial Dairy Farms written by Mason Carl Amundson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abstracts of Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supplementing Rumen Protected Choline to Dairy During Transition Period Effect on Milk Production and Reproductive Performance written by Pawar Shivaji Pandurang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Feeding Fats Or Soybeans to Dairy Cows on Rumen Fermentation Blood Constituents and Milk Composition written by Steven Albert Larson and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterizing Choline Nutrition and Biology in the Dairy Cow written by William Andrew Myers (III) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dairy cows transitioning from gestation to lactation develop fatty liver in response to excessive mobilization of free fatty acids (FA) from stored bodily triacylglycerol (TAG) reserves to meet the increased energy demand of lactation. Rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation may increase hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis to promote TAG secretion within very-low density proteins. Dietary FA and one-carbon donors such as choline may influence PC synthesis in cows with implications for health. Choline can also be degraded in the gastrointestinal tract in part to trimethylamine (TMA), which is oxidized in the liver to form trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). It has not been well- established in ruminants if FA of varying chain length can modulate hepatic PC production. The evaluation of RPC supplementation at various increasing doses and the quantification of lipoprotein TAG concentration in dairy cows has also not been thoroughly evaluated. The effects of TMAO on dairy cow's health has not yet been assessed as has been the case in non-ruminants including humans. In study 1, we abomasally infused (i) palmitic acid (PA; 98% 16:0 of total fat), (ii) PA + choline chloride (PA+C; 50 g/d choline ion), (iii) PA + L-serine (PA+S; 170 g/d L-serine), (iv) behenic acid (BA; 92% 22:0 of total fat), and (v) a docosahexaenoic acid algal oil (47.5% DHA of total fat) into 5 late lactation dairy cows. Infusion of DHA increased hepatic PC containing 4 or more double bonds (52 out of 61 PC; e.g., PC-14:0/22:6 or 22:0/20:4), relative to other treatments. Hepatic PC containing saturated FA were lowest for DHA-infused cows. While PA+C increased hepatic PC with moderate saturation, PA+C decreased highly unsaturated PC when compared to PA. A similar outcome was observed for cows infused PA+S. These data confirm that saturated FA, DHA, and one-carbon donors uniquely modify hepatic PC levels in lactating cows. In study 2, forty-one pregnant, non-lactating, multiparous Holstein cows were feed-restricted to consume ~31% of their net energy requirements for 9 d and fed RPC that provided 0 (control), 6.5, 12.9, 19.4, or 25.8 g/d of choline ions. We observed a significant linear increase in TAG-rich lipoprotein total TAG levels with choline ion supplementation. Majority of PC within the TAG-rich lipoprotein fraction increased linearly with increasing RPC (37 out of 55 PC; e.g. PC 38:5). A similar linear outcome was observed for TAG-rich lipoprotein TAG (106 out of 317 TAG). In liver, RPC increased PC (0 vs. rest; 40 out of 57 PC). Hepatic TAG was lowered by RPC (0 vs. rest; 17.5 vs. 13.6% of tissue DM). Our data support the likelihood that RPC increased hepatic PC synthesis and lipoprotein secretion to prevent liver TAG accrual in dairy cows. In study 3, we assessed the effects of TMAO on dairy cow markers of health and milk production. We continuously intravenously infused TMAO at 0, 20, 40, or 60 g/d for 6 d into eight early lactation Holstein cows in a 4 _ 4 replicated Latin square design. Plasma TAG, FA, and glucose concentrations were not modified by treatment. Serum albumin, total protein, globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, _-glutamyl transferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase concentrations were not modified by treatment. We did not observe any differences in markers of oxidative status: total glutathione, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, and the ratio of reduced: oxidized glutathione within plasma. Glucose tolerance or milk production were not modified by treatment. It appears that TMAO does not impair metabolic health in early lactation cows. Future research should investigate nutritional strategies to maximize choline bioavailability in order to decrease post-ruminal choline degradation.
Download or read book The Effects of Feeding Methionine and Choline to Lactating Dairy Cattle on Rumen Volatile Fatty Acids Blood Amino Acids and Milk Production and Composition written by Gary F. Zimmer and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
