Download or read book Effects of Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling and Inflammation in Two Rodent Models of Insulin Resistance written by Lindsea Burns and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aims of this investigation were 1) to determine if resistance exercise training, like aerobic exercise training, improves insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle of the high fat-fed Sprague Dawley rat via suppression of the IKK inflammatory pathway, and 2) to determine if aerobic and resistance training are equally effective at improving skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the obese Zucker rat, and if these improvements are due to suppression of the IKK inflammatory pathway. Sprague Dawley rats were placed on a chow (NC, n=8) or high-fat (n=24) diet, while the Zucker rats (n=32) were fed a normal chow diet, for 4wks. During the subsequent 8-wk experimental protocol, high fat-fed Sprague Dawley rats were allocated (n=8/group) to sedentary control (HFC), aerobic exercise training (HFAX), or resistance exercise training (HFRX). Lean Zucker rats (LN, n=8) served as genetic controls while obese Zucker rats (n=24) were allocated (n=8/group) to sedentary control (FT), aerobic exercise training (FTAX), or resistance exercise training (FTRX). Following the 8-wk experimental period, animals underwent hindlimb perfusions and the insulin-stimulated red gastrocnemius was collected for viii analysis. High-fat diet induced impairments in insulin-stimulated rates of 3-MG transport in the Sprague Dawley rat were reversed by both aerobic and resistance training due to normalized IRS-1 pY and IRS-1 pS. IKK pS was similar across the HFRX, HFAX and NC animals. Insulin-stimulated rates of 3-MG transport and IRS-1 pY in the skeletal muscle of the FTRX, FTAX and LN groups were similar. Both aerobic and resistance training suppressed IKK pS in the skeletal muscle of the obese Zucker rat. These findings indicate that exercise training, regardless of mode, improves insulin signaling via suppressing IKK inflammation regardless of etiology of insulin resistance.
Download or read book Effects of Two Modes of Exercise Training on Insulin Signaling in Two Diabetic Rodent Models written by Neal Washburn and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post exercise Insulin Sensitivity in Rodent Skeletal Muscle written by Junghoon Kim and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insulin Signaling written by George Grunberger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from the leading researchers in the field, this volume brings together the latest studies on insulin action and signal transduction to provide a state-of-the-art reference for graduate researchers and students in diabetes and endocrinology. Insulin Signaling is a comprehensive study of the regulation of molecular events by insulin at a cellular level, utilizing experimental techniques ranging from molecular systems through phenotypic expression in transgenic and knockout models.
Download or read book Animal Models in Diabetes Research written by Hans-Georg Joost and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2012-08-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, human studies have made enormous contributions towards an understanding of the genetic basis of diabetes mellitus; however, most of the experimentation needed for the invention and testing of novel therapeutic approaches cannot be performed in humans. Thus, there is no alternative to appropriate animal models. In Animal Models in Diabetes Research, expert researchers explore the current status of the most important models and procedures in order to provide a timely resource in experimental diabetology. The first half of the volume serves as a comprehensive overview on our current knowledge of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diabetes in animal models through a series of reviews in model strains. The book then continues with vital, established protocols that are employed in the characterization and study of animal models of diabetes. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series, this work contains the type of detailed description and key implementation advice necessary to achieve successful results. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Animal Models in Diabetes Research delivers essential content that will be an important resource to advance diabetes research in the years to come.
Download or read book Exercise Metabolism written by Mark Hargreaves and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2006 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference for biochemists, sport nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and graduate students in those disciplines. Provides information on the metabolic processes that take place during exercise, examining in depth the mobilization and utilization of substrates during physical activity. Focuses primarily on the skeletal muscle, but also discusses the roles of the liver and adipose tissue. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance written by Clinton R. Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Download or read book Insulin Action written by Ashok K. Srivastava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-05-31 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996 the 75th anniversary of the discovery of insulin was celebrated at the University of Toronto, the scene of that discovery in 1921. This volume was stimulated by the scientific program which was staged at that time and brought together much of the world's best talent to discuss and analyze the most recent developments in our understanding of pancreatic function, insulin secretion, the interaction of insulin with its target tissues, the mechanism of insulin action at the cellular level, and the defects which underlie both Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) forms of the disease. We have chosen to focus the present volume on work related to insulin action.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Elevations in Glucocorticoids and Diabetes Development in Rats on Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance and the Microvasculature written by Emily Dunford and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elevations in GC concentrations are well-known to cause a variety of negative systemic side effects, and subtle alterations in GC secretion and tissue-specific actions are a possible link between insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and T2DM development. These pathological conditions impair insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle blood flow and glucose uptake, in addition to causing profound myopathy, all of which could be significant contributors to the metabolic complications associated with insulin resistance. The focus of this dissertation was to understand how elevations in GC concentrations can be associated with skeletal muscle insulin resistance and diabetes development and whether augmentation to the muscle microvasculature is beneficial or even possible during conditions that generate significant exposure to elevations in GCs. To examine these situations, two rodent models of diabetes were used; exogenous elevations in GCs either combined with a HFD or provided a standard chow diet, to reproduce T2DM, and STZ-treated rats to induce -cell destruction, simulating T1DM. As both regular exercise and circulating insulin levels have been well documented in the regulation of microvascular augmentation, we assessed the therapeutic potential of voluntary exercise and pharmacologically enhancing hyperemia in both GC-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance and STZ-induced diabetes. We revealed that the skeletal muscle is severely altered (decreased glycolytic muscle insulin-stimulated glucose transport and considerable glycolytic fibre atrophy) in the presence of hypercortisolemia coupled with HFD, but these alterations could be attenuated with the administration of voluntary aerobic exercise. The hypercortisolemia also resulted in alterations to the microvasculature (capillary rarefaction), which, when attenuated through 1-antagonism, produced a correlative enhancement in insulin sensitivity. Finally, the combination of voluntary exercise and 1-antagonism, in a model of chemically-induced (STZ) diabetes, demonstrated synergistic qualities through the increase in capillary growth within both glycolytic and oxidative skeletal muscle and enhanced glycemic control. This thesis provides considerable evidence proving that manipulation of the skeletal muscle microvasculature, either through voluntary exercise or pharmacologically enhanced hyperemia, can attenuate the hypercortisolemia-induced skeletal muscle capillary rarefaction and improve glucose metabolism through enhanced glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity.
Download or read book Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes written by Beatrice Morio and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers. Synthesizes actual knowledge on mitochondrial function Provides an integrated vision of each tissue in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes Identifies the interactive networks that involve alteration in mitochondrial mass and function in disease progression Highlights the role played by mitochondria in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes
Download or read book Fibrous Proteins Structures and Mechanisms written by David A.D. Parry and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the readers with an up-to-date review of the design, structure and function of a representative selection of fibrous proteins in both health and disease. The importance of the α-helical coiled coil, a conformational motif based on the heptad repeat in the amino acid sequence of all α-fibrous proteins (and parts of some globular proteins) is underlined by three Chapters devoted to its design, structure, function and topology. Specific proteins covered in the text and which depend on the coiled coil for their structure and function, include the intermediate filament proteins, tropomyosin, myosin, paramyosin, fibrin and members of the spectrin superfamily. Also described are fibrous proteins based on the β-pleated sheet and collagen conformations. Recombinant structural proteins, especially of silk and collagen, are discussed in the context of developing new biomaterials with varied applications. Established researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of protein chemistry, biochemistry and structural biophysics will find Fibrous Proteins: Structures and Mechanisms to be an invaluable collection of topical reviews that describe the basic advances made in the field of fibrous proteins over the past decade. This book, written by recognized authorities in the field, provides a clear account of the current status of fibrous protein research and, in addition, establishes the basis for deciding the most appropriate directions for future activity, including the applications of protein engineering and the commercial exploitation of new biomaterials.
Download or read book Studies of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes written by Birgitte Falbe Vind and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aerobic Exercise Training Counteracts Insulin Resistance Induced By Low Sodium Diet By Increasing Insulin Signaling In Muscle written by Ana Paula Bochi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background and Aims:We aimed at investigating the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) in the insulin-resistance induced by low-sodium (LS) diet in LDLRKO mice focusing on the insulin-signalling in skeletal muscle.Methods:Three-month-old LDLRKO mice were fed a chow normal sodium (1,27%-NaCl; NS) or a LS (0,15%-NaCl; LS) diet, and concomitantly kept sedentary(S-NS; S-LS,) or submitted to AET (T; T-NS; T-LS) (treadmill 1h/day, 15 m/min, 5-times week) during 3 months. Exercise capacity, body weight (BW), blood pressure (BP), plasma cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG) and glucose decay rate by the insulin tolerance test (ITT) were determined. GLUT4, total and phosphorylated AKT in whole gastrocnemius extract were analyzed by immunoblot. Comparisons were done by 2-way ANOVA.ResultsAET increased the exercise capacity in trained mice. BW, BP and TC were similar among groups. TG (mg/dL) was increased by LS diet (S-NS 101u00b19; T-NS 100u00b126; S-LS 152u00b136; T-LS 130u00b150; p=0.0284).There was an effect of the LS diet (p=0.0224) and AET (p=0.0477) on FG (S-NS 101u00b115; T-NS 113u00b115; S-LS 115u00b119; T-LS 124u00b123). A diminished rate of glucose disappearance was induced by LS diet that was prevented by AET (diet effect, p=0.0153; AET effect,p=0.0183; interaction,p=0.0218). The amount of GLUT4 (p=0.0130), total AKT (p= 0.0086) and phosphorylated AKT (p=0.0058) were increased (19, 20 and 22%, respectively) by the AET effect without with no significant effect of diet.Conclusions:AET prevents the LS diet-induced insulin resistance in LDLRKO mice by enhancing total and phosphorylated AKT and GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle.
Download or read book Regulation of Insulin Receptor Function in Skeletal Muscle in Response to Diet Aging and Exercise written by Judy J. Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Exercise on in Vivo Insulin Signaling and Action in Insulin Resistant Skeletal Muscle written by Christine Yvonne Christ-Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hormones Metabolism and the Benefits of Exercise written by Bruce Spiegelman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.
