Download or read book Effects of Dietary Cation anion Difference on Performance Acid base Status and Nitrogen and Macromineral Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Wenping Hu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Cation anion Difference Acid base Chemistry Nutrient Metabolism and Performance of the Transition Dairy Cow During Cool and Hot Weather written by Pooi-See Chan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Crude Protein and Buffer on Lactational Performance Acid base Status and Nitrogen and Mineral Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows During Summer written by Lisa Ann Griffel and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Cation anion Balance Stage of Lactation and Ration Ingredients on Acid Base Metabolism and Productivity of Dairy Cows written by Annick Marie Delaquis and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of formulating rations using different ingredients and of manipulating the cation-anion balance of the rations on production, acid-base status, metabolism of macrominerals and renal function of dairy cows. The effects of dietary cation-anion balance were studied during early, mid and late lactation as well as during the dry period. Feeding an alfalfa-haylage based diet vs a corn silage based diet, both having the same cation-anion balance did not affect the voluntary consumption, milk yield or milk composition of cows in early lactation. The acid-base status of the animals was not affected by dietary treatment. The lower urinary bicarbonate concentration observed with the alfalfa haylage-based diet was not associated with a lower total urinary bicarbonate excretion since urine volume was significantly higher than when cows were fed the corn silage-based diet. Manipulating dietary cation-anion balance, however, resulted in changes in acid-base status at all stages of lactation studied. Urinary bicarbonate concentration and total daily excretion were increased by a higher dietary cation-anion balance at all stages of lactation. Similar effects of dietary cation-anion balance on urinary bicarbonate did not, however, translate into similar changes in production or intake by cows at differing stages of lactation. Cows in early and mid lactation seemed to have benefited more from a highly positive dietary cation-anion balance than cows in late lactation or dry period." --
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Cation anion Balance on Acid base Status of Blood and the Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Hans Kaj Henrik Bruhn and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Varying Cation anion Difference in Diets of Prepartum Dairy Cows written by Stanley Joseph Moore and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Cation anion Balance Sodium Bicarbonate and Calcium Chloride on Acid base Status Milk Production and Mineral Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cattle written by William Bryan Tucker and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dietary Cation anion Difference and Forage Type During the Dry Period written by Patrick Walter Joyce and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dietary Inorganic Ion Balance Acid base Status and Calcium Metabolism in Dry and Lactating Does written by Alan Howard Fredeen and published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International. This book was released on 1984 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Cation anion Difference DCAD and Na K on Dairy Cows in Early Lactation and the Interaction of Particle Size Reduction Via Mastication and Rumination with Digestion and Passage in Cattle written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Old Problems New Perspectives written by Holly Elizabeth Fujan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition period, defined as 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum, is a high-risk time for disease in dairy cattle. There are many strategies to help prevent the onset of disease around calving. Of these, the use of a prepartum diet with a negative dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) is widely practiced to increase mobilization of calcium (Ca) from bone and reduce the incidence of hypocalcemia. However, the amount of Ca to supplement with a negative DCAD diet to promote optimal health during transition has remained in question. Additionally, technological advancements used to measure feeding behaviors in early lactation have evolved and could be valuable in predicting dry matter intake (DMI), lactation outcomes, and herd survival. This is important as greater DMI is associated with lower disease incidence during the transition period, leading to improved performance and reduced culling. An experiment using twenty-one pregnant, nonlactating cows completing at least one lactation was carried out to evaluate the effects of varying levels of Ca carbonate on DMI and metabolic acid-base status in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design utilizing 3 treatments and 3 periods. The only effect of treatment in this study was on urine pH, which increased linearly with increasing dietary Ca. However, greater DMI in Period 3 versus Period 1 in this study resulted in a greater degree of acidification during this time, as indicated by a lesser urinary pH. Greater Ca carbonate supplementation with no significant difference in Ca excretion suggests carbonate, not Ca, may be absorbed and converted to HCO3−, with the excess HCO3− being excreted in urine. Therefore, when feeding high levels of Ca carbonate, urine pH may not accurately reflect acid-base status. In a second experiment, the relationships among feeding behavior variables collected during the first 21 d of lactation from 5 studies at Kansas State University were evaluated. Independent variables included meal frequency, meal length, meal size, and feeding time, along with parity, calving date, PTA for milk (PTAM) and 305-d mature equivalent milk (305MEM). Milk PTA, the slope of meal frequency, and mean meal length, specifically meal length during week 2, were predictive of 305MEM, and all were positively associated with 305MEM. For DMI, the quadratic function of feeding time, the intercept of meal frequency, parity and PTAM were predictive of DMI, with the quadratic function of week 2 feeding time and the intercept of meal frequency for week 2 significant when evaluating weekly feeding behaviors. The risk of being removed from the herd was increased by 13% for an additional meal/day in the first 21 d of lactation. Overall, strategies to improve herd health can be implemented both prepartum and postpartum to reduce disease and improve performance during the transition to lactation.
Download or read book Periparturient Responses of Cows Fed Varying Dietary Cation anion Differences and Calcium Contents Prepartum written by Luis Alberto Rodriguez-Suarez and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dietary Cation Anion Difference and Acidified Coproducts written by Darrel James Rezac and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition from gestation to lactation requires numerous physiological and metabolic adaptations in order for the body to maintain relative homeostasis. For the modern dairy cow, the difficulty to meet these challenges is increased many-fold due to the large demand for energy and metabolites placed on the body by the high producing mammary gland. Milk fever or periparturient hypocalcemia can be defined as a failure of the calcium homeostatic mechanisms to maintain serum calcium around the time of calving. Though clinical cases may only arise in [approximately equals] 5% of transition cows, subclinical rates are much higher. Animals suffering from even subclinical milk fever are much more susceptible to numerous other transition disorders. Preventing milk fever by formulation of the prepartum ration may be accomplished by decreasing the dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) which can be defined as the balance between positively and negatively charged ions in the diet. An experiment was designed to test 2 diets containing t products designed to deliver supplementary anions to the diet versus a control ration with no added anions. Total serum calcium and incidence of postpartum health disorders were not affected by prepartum dietary treatment. Though DCAD was drastically different between the control ration and the 2 anionic diets, the concentration of the strong cation potassium was low across all treatments which presumably prevented hypocalcemia with the onset of lactation. Though our diets contained low concentrations of potassium, many diets used by dairymen contain forages that are high in potassium and thus might benefit from the addition of anions. An experiment of an unrelated nature was conducted to observe the effects of 2 diets containing wet corn gluten feed (46 or 56% of DM) as the primary energy substrate and tallgrass prairie hay (14 or 20% of DM) as the sole source of physically effective fiber versus a control ration containing alfalfa and corn silage. The 20% tallgrass prairie hay diet resulted in milk components and efficiencies similar to those of the control ration, but production and income over feed cost did not match that of the control ration in this situation.
Download or read book Exploring the Effects of Lowered Dietary Cation anon Difference on Lactation Performance and Reduction of Manure Ammonia Emissions in Lactating Cows written by Haley M. Zynda and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Livestock and poultry production are the leading contributors to NH3 emissions in the United States. While NH3 is not itself a greenhouse gas (GHG), it forms nitrous oxide and small particulate matter (PM2.5, i.e, smog) that is of concern for environmental agencies and poses human health risks. Nitrogen also can leach into soil and potentially cause eutrophication of water sources. For livestock producers, N loss from manure is costly, both from the perspective that it is going unused by the animal and that the manure will not serve as useful a fertilizer for crop production. Acidifying dairy manure with addition of strong acids, such as HCl or H2SO4, is the most widely studied method of reducing NH3 emissions but increases the cost for manure management. Reducing the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD; Na + K -Cl - S) is a strategy typically used to reduce hypocalcemia after parturition, but we hypothesized that DCAD can be a potential strategy to lessen the environmental impact of the dairy industry when applied to lactating cows. Urine pH can be reduced with the inclusion of anionic salts in cow rations, thus perhaps influencing the overall pH of the manure slurry. Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of feeding a diet with reduced DCAD to lactating cows to mitigate manure NH3 emissions while still maintaining milk production and nutrient digestibility. In the first experiment, 27 cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets with differing DCAD (193, 101, and 1 mEq/kg DM). The DCAD did not affect milk yield but tended to decrease milk fat yield without affecting milk fat content as DCAD decreased. Milk protein yield was not different among treatments. In addition, nutrient digestibility (i.e., DM, OM, NDF) did not differ among treatments. The low DCAD diet successfully reduced pH of urine and manure, but manure incubation did not result in statistical differences in NH3 emissions among treatments. Ammonia emission was probably not reduced because of the high fecal to urine ratio and slight increases in urine pH during freezing and thawing between urine collection and manure incubation. Therefore, the second study sought to determine the necessary decreases in urine pH needed to decrease manure pH low enough to reduce NH3 emissions from manure. Feces and urine were collected from 4 lactating cows, composited, and brought back to the laboratory. The urine was separated into 4 subsamples, and pH was reduced to 8.5, 7.5, 6.5, and 5.5 using concentrated H2SO4. Manure was reconstituted, using the feces and urine subsamples, in a fecal to urine ratio of 2:1, which was the ratio often seen in previous studies for high producing Holstein cows. The manure was then incubated for 5 days. Results indicated that a urine pH of 7.5, 6.5 and 5.5 linearly reduced NH3 volatilization when the fecal to urine ratio was 2:1. Overall, reducing DCAD can be a potential strategy of mitigating NH3 emission from manure, but potential loss of milk fat should be considered. Additionally, feces to urine ratios can be a critical factor for successful mitigation of NH3 from manure by feeding a reduced DCAD diet. Further research is needed to determine optimal level of reduced DCAD that can mitigate ammonia emissions from manure without negatively affecting production.
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Cation Anion Difference in Postpartum Dairy Cattle written by Michael Alan DeGroot and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Engergy Density on Metabolic Status and Lactation Performance of Periparturient Dairy Cows written by Euler Rabelo and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate and Magnesium Oxide on Acid base Metabolism and Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows written by Richard A. Erdman and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
