Download or read book Effects of Confining Pressure Pore Pressure and Temperature on Absolute Permeability SUPRI TR 27 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates absolute permeability of consolidated sandstone and unconsolidated sand cores to distilled water as a function of the confining pressure on the core, the pore pressure of the flowing fluid and the temperature of the system. Since permeability measurements are usually made in the laboratory under conditions very different from those in the reservoir, it is important to know the effect of various parameters on the measured value of permeability. All studies on the effect of confining pressure on absolute permeability have found that when the confining pressure is increased, the permeability is reduced. The studies on the effect of temperature have shown much less consistency. This work contradicts the past Stanford studies by finding no effect of temperature on the absolute permeability of unconsolidated sand or sandstones to distilled water. The probable causes of the past errors are discussed. It has been found that inaccurate measurement of temperature at ambient conditions and non-equilibrium of temperature in the core can lead to a fictitious permeability reduction with temperature increase. The results of this study on the effect of confining pressure and pore pressure support the theory that as confining pressure is increased or pore pressure decreased, the permeability is reduced. The effects of confining pressure and pore pressure changes on absolute permeability are given explicitly so that measurements made under one set of confining pressure/pore pressure conditions in the laboratory can be extrapolated to conditions more representative of the reservoir.
Download or read book The Effects of Confining Pressure Pore Pressure and Temperature on Absolute Permeability written by Brian David Gobran and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SPE Formation Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Temperature on Absolute Permeability written by Francis J. Casse and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index Keyword A L written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pore Pressure written by Peter E. Gretener and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Efficient Simulation of Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes written by Zhouyuan Zhu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulating thermal processes is usually computationally expensive because of the complexity of the problem and strong nonlinearities encountered. In this work, we explore novel and efficient simulation techniques to solve thermal enhanced oil recovery problems. We focus on two major topics: the extension of streamline simulation for thermal enhanced oil recovery and the efficient simulation of chemical reaction kinetics as applied to the in-situ combustion process. For thermal streamline simulation, we first study the extension to hot water flood processes, in which we have temperature induced viscosity changes and thermal volume changes. We first compute the pressure field on an Eulerian grid. We then solve for the advective parts of the mass balance and energy equations along the individual streamlines, accounting for the compressibility effects. At the end of each global time step, we account for the nonadvective terms on the Eulerian grid along with gravity using operator splitting. We test our streamline simulator and compare the results with a commercial thermal simulator. Sensitivity studies for compressibility, gravity and thermal conduction effects are presented. We further extended our thermal streamline simulation to steam flooding. Steam flooding exhibits large volume changes and compressibility associated with the phase behavior of steam, strong gravity segregation and override, and highly coupled energy and mass transport. To overcome these challenges we implement a novel pressure update along the streamlines, a Glowinski scheme operator splitting and a preliminary streamline/finite volume hybrid approach. We tested our streamline simulator on a series of test cases. We compared our thermal streamline results with those computed by a commercial thermal simulator for both accuracy and efficiency. For the cases investigated, we are able to retain solution accuracy, while reducing computational cost and gaining connectivity information from the streamlines. These aspects are useful for reservoir engineering purposes. In traditional thermal reactive reservoir simulation, mass and energy balance equations are solved numerically on discretized reservoir grid blocks. The reaction terms are calculated through Arrhenius kinetics using cell-averaged properties, such as averaged temperature and reactant concentrations. For the in-situ combustion process, the chemical reaction front is physically very narrow, typically a few inches thick. To capture accurately this front, centimeter-sized grids are required that are orders of magnitude smaller than the affordable grid block sizes for full field reservoir models. To solve this grid size effect problem, we propose a new method based on a non-Arrhenius reaction upscaling approach. We do not resolve the combustion front on the grid, but instead use a subgrid-scale model that captures the overall effects of the combustion reactions on flow and transport, i.e. the amount of heat released, the amount of oil burned and the reaction products generated. The subgrid-scale model is calibrated using fine-scale highly accurate numerical simulation and laboratory experiments. This approach significantly improves the computational speed of in-situ combustion simulation as compared to traditional methods. We propose the detailed procedures to implement this methodology in a field-scale simulator. Test cases illustrate the solution consistency when scaling up the grid sizes in multidimensional heterogeneous problems. The methodology is also applicable to other subsurface reactive flow modeling problems with fast chemical reactions and sharp fronts. Displacement front stability is a major concern in the design of all the enhanced oil recovery processes. Historically, premature combustion front break through has been an issue for field operations of in-situ combustion. In this work, we perform detailed analysis based on both analytical methods and numerical simulation. We identify the different flow regimes and several driving fronts in a typical 1D ISC process. For the ISC process in a conventional mobile heavy oil reservoir, we identify the most critical front as the front of steam plateau driving the cold oil bank. We discuss the five main contributors for this front stability/instability: viscous force, condensation, heat conduction, coke plugging and gravity. Detailed numerical tests are performed to test and rank the relative importance of all these different effects.
Download or read book Looking Into the Earth written by Alan E. Mussett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-10-23 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking Into the Earth comprehensively describes the principles and applications of both 'global' and 'exploration' geophysics. Mathematical and physical principles are introduced at an elementary level, and then developed as necessary. Student questions and exercises are included at the end of each chapter. The book is aimed primarily at introductory and intermediate university (and college) students taking courses in geology, earth science, environmental science, and engineering. It will also form an excellent introductory textbook in geophysics departments, and will help practising geologists, archaeologists and engineers understand geophysical principles.
Download or read book Gas Transport in Porous Media written by Clifford K. Ho and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-07 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CLIFFORD K. HOAND STEPHEN W. WEBB Sandia National Laboratories, P. O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA Gas and vapor transport in porous media occur in a number of important applications includingdryingofindustrialandfoodproducts,oilandgasexploration,environm- tal remediation of contaminated sites, and carbon sequestration. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms and processes of gas and vapor transport in porous media allows models to be used to evaluate and optimize the performance and design of these systems. In this book, gas and vapor are distinguished by their available states at stan- ? dard temperature and pressure (20 C, 101 kPa). If the gas-phase constituent can also exist as a liquid phase at standard temperature and pressure (e. g. , water, ethanol, toluene, trichlorothylene), it is considered a vapor. If the gas-phase constituent is non-condensable at standard temperature and pressure (e. g. , oxygen, carbon di- ide, helium, hydrogen, propane), it is considered a gas. The distinction is important because different processes affect the transport and behavior of gases and vapors in porous media. For example, mechanisms specific to vapors include vapor-pressure lowering and enhanced vapor diffusion, which are caused by the presence of a g- phase constituent interacting with its liquid phase in an unsaturated porous media. In addition, the “heat-pipe” exploits isothermal latent heat exchange during evaporation and condensation to effectively transfer heat in designed and natural systems.
Download or read book The Design of Coffee written by William Ristenpart and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-09-14 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Design of Coffee provides a non-mathematical introduction to chemical engineering, as illustrated by the roasting and brewing of coffee. Hands-on coffee experiments demonstrate key engineering principles, including material balances, chemical kinetics, mass transfer, fluid mechanics, conservation of energy, and colloidal phenomena. The experiments lead to an engineering design competition where contestants strive to make the best tasting coffee using the least amount of energy - a classic engineering optimization problem, but one that is both fun and tasty! Anybody with access to a sink, electricity, and inexpensive coffee roasting and brewing equipment can do these experiments, either as part of a class or with your friends at home. The Design of Coffee will help you understand how to think like an engineer - and how to make excellent coffee! This revised second edition presents streamlined lab experiences, adds new bonus material on industrial coffee operations, and includes a new lab experience focused on sensory analysis during traditional cupping of coffee. FEATURES: * Covers all aspects of making coffee, from green beans to the final brew * Does not require calculus or college-level chemistry * Emphasizes the scientific method and introductory data analysis with guided data sheets and lab report questions * Includes 10 full experiments, each with background on key concepts, overview of necessary equipment, and detailed instructions: Lab 0 - Safety Overview and Introduction to Tasting Coffee Lab 1 - Reverse Engineering a Drip Coffee Brewer Lab 2 - Process Flow Diagram and Mass Balances for Coffee Lab 3 - The pH of Coffee and Chemical Reactions Lab 4 - Measuring the Energy Used to Make Coffee Lab 5 - Mass Transfer and Flux during Brewing Lab 6 - Coffee as a Colloidal Fluid and the Effect of Filtration Lab 7 - First Design Trials: Optimizing Strength & Extraction Lab 8 - Second Design Trials: Scaling Up to 1 Liter of Coffee Lab 9 - Design Competition and Blind Taste Panel
Download or read book Biofibers and Biopolymers for Biocomposites written by Anish Khan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent developments in epoxy blends. It emphasizes new challenges for the synthesis, characterization, and properties of biofibers and biopolymers. It provides updates on all the important areas of biofibers and biopolymers in a comprehensive fashion, including synthesis, processing, characterisation and application. It provides a a one-stop reference for researchers and those working in industry and government. The book correlates macro, micro and nanostructure properties. Moreover, it provides cutting edge research from experts around the globe. The current status, trends, future directions and opportunities are discussed in detail, making the book also accessible for beginners to the subject and young researchers.
Download or read book High Performance Light Water Reactor written by Thomas Schulenberg and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of the project "High Performance Light Water Reactor--Phase 2," carried out September 2006-February 2010 as part of the 6th European Framework Program.
