Download or read book Effects of Air Speed and Liquid Temperature on Droplet Size written by W. Clint Hoffmann and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements in both application hardware (e.g., nozzles and spray assist devices) and spray property modification products have led to a number of products that are specifically designed to maximize the on-target deposition and minimize off-target movement of spray droplets. Testing protocols are being developed to objectively measure spray drift reduction from a wide range of drift reduction technologies (DRTs) including spray nozzles, sprayer modifications, spray delivery assistance, spray property modifiers (adjuvants), and/or landscape modifications. Using a DRT evaluation protocol, the objectives of this work were to study the effects of different air speeds on droplet size from different spray nozzles and spray solutions and to further evaluate the effects of differences in liquid and air temperature on droplet size at the different air speeds tested. Measured spray droplet size was significantly affected by changes in airspeed with the DV0.5 increasing by ~30-100 ?m and the percent of spray volume less than 200 ?m decreasing by 50 % or more as the tunnel airspeed was increased from 0.5 to 6.7 m/s (1 to 15 miles per hour), depending on the spray solution, spray nozzle, and air speed. The data also showed a lesser influence of temperature differential between the spray solution and ambient air, with the differences seen most likely resulting from changes in spray solution physical properties with the changes in liquid temperature. Most importantly, this study demonstrated that a reference nozzle evaluated under the same conditions resulted in the reduction in driftable fines while the DRT remained constant across all conditions tested.
Download or read book Liquid Water Content and Droplet Size Calibration of the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Droplet Size Distribution and Liquid Volume Concentration in a Water Spray Predictions and Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A water spray, from a twin-fluid atomizer, was studied at different air temperature and at atmospheric pressure. The Sauter Mean Diameter, D32, and the droplet volume distribution were measured at four different distances from the injector. An optical method was used to measure droplet sizes. Predictions of the Sauter Mean Diameter, liquid volume concentration and droplet size distribution were also evaluated. The influence of the air velocity, air temperature and of the water flow rate in the spray S.M.D. and in the liquid volume concentration at different distance from the injector have been measured. The predictions showed good agreement with experimental results.
Download or read book Effect of Ice and Frost Formations on Drag of NACA 651 212 Airfoil for Various Modes of Thermal Ice Protection written by Vernon H. Gray and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of primary and runback icing and frost formations on the drag of an 8-foot-chord NACA 651-212 airfoil section were investigated over a range of angles of attack from 2 degrees to 8 degrees and airspeeds up to 260 miles per hour for icing conditions with liquid-water contents ranging from 0.25 to 1.4 grams per cubic meter and datum air temperatures of -30 to 30 degrees F.
Download or read book Air Weather Service Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Pneumatic De icers and Ice Formations on Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Airfoil written by Dean T. Bowden and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements of lift, drag, and pitching moment of an NACA 0011 airfoil were made in icing using two types of pneumatic de-icers, one having spanwise inflatable tubes and the other having chordwise tubes. Ice remaining after inflation of the spanwise-tube de-icer increased airfoil section drag 7 to 37 percent for 0 to 4.6 degrees angle of attack over the ranges of airspeed, total air temperature, liquid-water content, and cycle times covered. This drag increase became constant after a few de-icing cycles. Drag increases due to ice remaining on the chordwise-tube de-icer were similar to those for the spanwise-tube de-icer. Minimum airfoil drag in icing (averaged over a de-icing cycle) was usually obtained with a short (about i min) de-icing cycle.
Download or read book Impingement of Cloud Droplets on a Cylinder and Procedure for Measuring Liquid water Content and Droplet Sizes in Supercooled Clouds by Rotating Multicylinder Method written by E. R. G. Eckert and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Approach written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Approximations for the Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of High temperature Air written by C. Frederick Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thermodynamic and transport prorerties of high-temperature air are found in closed form starting from approximate partition functions for the major components in air and neglecting all minor components. The compressibility, energy, entropy, the specific heats, the speed of sound, the coefficients of viscosity and of thermal conductivity, and the Prandtl numbers for air are tabulated from 500 degrees to 15,000 degrees K over a range of pressure from 0.0001 to 100 atmospheres. The enthalpy of air and the mol fractions of the major components of air can easily be found from the tabulated values for compressibility and energy. It is predicted that the Prandtl number for fully ionized air will become small compared to unity, the order of 0.01, and this implies that boundary layers in such flow will be very transparent to heat flux.
Download or read book Aerographer s Mate 1 C written by United States. Bureau of Naval Personnel and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Properties of Gases and Liquids Their Estimation and Correlation written by Robert C. Reid and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology written by Lawrence A. Lacey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-04 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic tools include chapters on the theory and practice of application of microbial control agents (MCAs) (Section I), statistical considerations in the design of experiments (Section II), and three chapters on application equipment and strategies (Section III). Section IV includes individual chapters on the major pathogen groups (virus, bacteria, microsporidia, fungi, and nematodes) and special considerations for their evaluation under field conditions. This section sets the stage for subsequent chapters on the impact of naturally occurring and introduced exotic pathogens and inundative application of MCAs. Twenty-three chapters on the application and evaluation of MCAs in a wide variety of agricultural, forest, domestic and aquatic habitats comprise Section VII of the Field Manual. In addition to insect pests, the inclusion of mites and slugs broadens the scope of the book.
Download or read book Aviation Weather Surveillance Systems written by Pravas Mahapatra and published by IET. This book was released on 1999 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on radar-based surveillance, this book has been written to provide a comprehensive introduction to the science, sensors and systems that form modern aviation weather surveillance systems.
Download or read book FAA Aviation News written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aerospace Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Icing Cloud Calibration of the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel written by Robert F. Ide and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The icing research tunnel at the NASA Glenn Research Center underwent a major rehabilitation in 1999, necessitating recalibration of the icing clouds. This report describes the methods used in the recalibration, including the procedure used to establish a uniform icing cloud and the use of a standard icing blade technique for measurement of liquid water content. The instruments and methods used to perform the droplet size calibration are also described. The liquid water content/droplet size operating envelopes of the icing tunnel are shown for a range of airspeeds and compared to the FAA icing certification criteria. The capabilities of the IRT to produce large droplet icing clouds is also detailed.
Download or read book NASA Memorandum written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
