Download or read book Effective Efficient Routing Protocol for Multi hop Wireless Networks written by Subhasis Das and published by . This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multihop Wireless Networks written by Kai Zeng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-13 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to opportunistic routing an emerging technology designed to improve the packet forwarding reliability, network capacity and energy efficiency of multihop wireless networks This book presents a comprehensive background to the technological challenges lying behind opportunistic routing. The authors cover many fundamental research issues for this new concept, including the basic principles, performance limit and performance improvement of opportunistic routing compared to traditional routing, energy efficiency and distributed opportunistic routing protocol design, geographic opportunistic routing, opportunistic broadcasting, and security issues associated with opportunistic routing, etc. Furthermore, the authors discuss technologies such as multi-rate, multi-channel, multi-radio wireless communications, energy detection, channel measurement, etc. The book brings together all the new results on this topic in a systematic, coherent and unified presentation and provides a much needed comprehensive introduction to this topic. Key Features: Addresses opportunistic routing, an emerging technology designed to improve the packet forwarding reliability, network capacity and energy efficiency of multihop wireless networks Discusses the technological challenges lying behind this new technology, and covers a wide range of practical implementation issues Explores many fundamental research issues for this new concept, including the basic principles of opportunistic routing, performance limits and performance improvement, and compares them to traditional routing (e.g. energy efficiency and distributed opportunistic routing protocol design, broadcasting, and security issues) Covers technologies such as multi-rate, multi-channel, multi-radio wireless communications, energy detection, channel measurement, etc. This book provides an invaluable reference for researchers working in the field of wireless networks and wireless communications, and Wireless professionals. Graduate students will also find this book of interest.

Download or read book Energy efficient Channel Access and Routing Protocols for Multi hop Wireless Networks written by Fikret Sivrikaya and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Routing for Wireless Multi Hop Networks written by Sherin Abdel Hamid and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-18 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this brief is to identify what unifies and what distinguishes the routing functions in four wireless multi-hop network paradigms. The brief introduces a generic routing model that can be used as a foundation of wireless multi-hop routing protocol analysis and design. It demonstrates that such model can be adopted by any wireless multi-hop routing protocol. Also presented is a glimpse of the ideal wireless multi-hop routing protocol along with several open issues.

Download or read book Routing and Efficient Evaluation Techniques for Multi hop Mobile Wireless Networks written by Young-Jun Lee and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, routing protocols, load-balancing protocols, and efficient evaluation techniques for multi-hop mobile wireless networks are explored. With the advancements made in wireless communication and computer technologies, a new type of mobile wireless network, known as a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), has drawn constant attention. In recent years, several routing protocols for MANETs have been proposed. However, there still remains the need for mechanisms for better scalability support with respect to network size, traffic volume, and mobility. To address this issue, a new method for multi-hop routing in MANETs called Dynamic NIx-Vector Routing (DNVR) is proposed. DNVR has several distinct features compared to other existing on-demand routing protocols, which lead to more stable routes and better scalability. Currently, ad hoc routing protocols lack load-balancing capabilities. Therefore they often fail to provide good service quality, especially in the presence of a large volume of network traffic since the network load concentrates on some nodes, resulting in a highly congested environment. To address this issue, a novel load-balancing technique for ad hoc on-demand routing protocols is proposed. The new method is simple but very effective in achieving load balance and congestion alleviation. In addition, it operates in a completely distributed fashion. To evaluate and verify wireless network protocols effectively, especially to test their scalability properties, scalable and efficient network simulation methods are required. Usually simulation of such large-scale wireless networks needs a long execution time and requires a large amount of computing resources such as powerful CPUs and memory. Traditionally, to cope with this problem, parallel network simulation techniques with parallel computing capabilities have been considered. This dissertation explores a different type of method, which is efficient and can be achieved with a sequential simulation, as well as a parallel and distributed technique for large-scale mobile wireless networks.

Download or read book Efficient routing protocols with dependable QOS parameters for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Dr.D.Usha and published by SK Research Group of Companies. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr.D.Usha, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Mother Teresa Womens University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India

Download or read book Reliable and Energy efficient Multi hop Wireless Networks written by Arnab Das and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we study multi-hop versions of two classes of wireless networks: (a) Mobile Ad HocNetworks (MANETs) and (b) Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). Our primary focus is to developreliable structures for MANETs and energy-efficient implementations for WMNs.We study a MANET setting where each node in the MANET engages in deliberate and discreetpacket-dropping at a certain rate, while relaying on behalf of other nodes. Assuming the nodesto be non-cooperative, we develop a scheme in which each source node would blame its nearestneighbor for any packet dropped along the multi-hop path vector. This is simple, but elegant, asit still reveals the true relative dropping rates of each packet-dropping node in the MANET.We then propose a novel scheme for improving the overall performance or robustness of such aMANET by adopting a routing strategy which considers the recent packet-dropping performance(reputation) of intermediate relaying nodes in determining the best route from a source to a destination.For deciding the best route, we propose the use of mechanisms based on the modification of theAd Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. As opposed to the AODV scheme,which uses a broadcast mechanism for route discovery, the proposed scheme (called Robust AODVor RAODV) considers the reputation levels of neighboring nodes to determine the node(s) to whichthe route discovery packet should be sent.In connection with WMNs, we study a WMN structure deployed for residential broadband Internet access and WMN applications for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).Our WMN model deployed for residential broadband Internet access has a specific topology ofthree tiers comprising WMN infrastructure nodes or Mesh Access Points (MAPs), fixed, in-rangeend-users or end-user Stations (STAs), and potentially mobile, out-of-range end-users or Mobile-STAs (M-STAs). Our interest is only at the edge as our primary focus is the range extension of the WMN to M-STAs via the relaying services of STAs. We develop an iterative game model in whichthe relaying STAs engage in deliberate packet-dropping of M-STA packets for their own throughputgain.We next extend the model to include the scenario in which the MAP and the STAs are networkservice providers in respectively a primary and a secondary market. The STAs do not engage indeliberate packet-dropping, since they are now wholly responsible for providing traffic to the M-STAs, and as a result will lose revenue. Obviously, the second model is better for mobile end-users(M-STAs) as they receive better service since STAs do not drop packets in this scenario for theirown selfish reasons.We then investigate WMNs used in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), which is a formof WSN. These WMNs usually consist of a collection of Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs),which include smart, wireless-enabled meters or sensor nodes.We present an elegant approach to reducing the cost of the AMIs by increasing the ratio of thenumber of sensors/meters in Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs) to the number of Access Points(APs) or gateways.Finally, we propose schemes for energy conservation in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks(IWSNs), which are variants of WMNs. Our contribution integrates new approaches to partitioning an IWSN into energy-efficient clusters with a graph-theoretical framework for energy-efficient routing within a cluster. The concept of betweenness centrality is demonstrated to be a useful metric to optimize the placement of the cluster head within an IWSN cluster in our clustering approach.In addition, our strategy combines a novel scheme for duty cycling of the nodes in a cluster tofurther minimize energy expenditure in an IWSN. Betweenness centrality is also used as a metricfor developing a duty-cycling approach to further minimize the energy consumption in an IWSN.Most of the previous contributions have dealt with only one particular approach to minimizingenergy consumption in an IWSN. The emphasis in some of them has been on efficient partitioningof the IWSN into clusters, while others have dealt with energy-efficient routing or effective approachto duty cycling of sensor nodes.In contrast, this contribution integrates a new graph-theoretical framework for partitioning anIWSN into energy-efficient clusters, a minimum-cost (i.e., energy-efficient) routing scheme withina cluster, and a novel duty-cycling scheme to further minimize the cluster's energy consumption.

Download or read book Resource efficient Routing Strategies in Multihop Wireless Networks written by Swades Kumar De and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Efficient Cooperative Wireless Communication and Networks written by Zhengguo Sheng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared with conventional communications, cooperative communication allows multiple users in a wireless network to coordinate their packet transmissions and share each other's resources, thus achieving high-performance gain and better service coverage and reliability. Energy Efficient Cooperative Wireless Communication and Networks provides a comprehensive look at energy efficiency and system design of cooperative wireless communication. Introducing effective cooperative wireless communication schemes, the book supplies the understanding and methods required to improve energy efficiency, reliability, and end-to-end protocol designs for wireless communication systems. It explains the practical benefits and limitations of cooperative transmissions along with the associated designs of upper-layer protocols, including MAC, routing, and transport protocol. The book considers power efficiency as a main objective in cooperative communication to ensure quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. It explains how to bring the performance gain at the physical layer up to the network layer and how to allocate network resources dynamically through MAC/scheduling and routing to trade off the performance benefits of given transmissions against network costs. Because the techniques detailed in each chapter can help readers achieve energy efficiency and reliability in wireless networks, they have the potential to impact a range of industry areas, including wireless communication, wireless sensor networks, and ad hoc networks. The book includes numerous examples, best practices, and models that capture key issues in real-world applications. Along with algorithms and tips for effective design, the book supplies the understanding you will need to achieve high-performing and energy efficient wireless networks with improved service coverage and reliability.

Download or read book An Energy efficient Real time Multi hop Directional Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Soroush Naeimi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks written by Chai K Toh and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2001-12-03 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authoritative guide to the state of the art in ad hoc wireless networking. Reflects the field's latest breakthroughs Covers media access, routing, service discovery, multicasting, power conservation, transport protocol, and much more Includes a complete narration of prototype implementation with communication performance results from practical field trials Introduces key applications for home, business, auto, and defense "Ad hoc" wireless networks eliminate the complexities of infrastructure setup and administration, enabling devices to create and join networks "on the fly"-anywhere, anytime, for virtually any application. The field is rapidly coming of age, reflecting powerful advances in protocols, systems, and real-world implementation experience. In Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, one of the field's leading researchers brings together these advances in a single consolidated and comprehensive archive. C.K. Toh covers all this, and more: Key challenges: device heterogeneity, diverse traffic profiles, mobility, and power conservation Routing protocols for ad hoc networks, including Associativity Based Routing (ABR) and other IETF MANET protocols Real-world implementation issues-including a complete prototype implementation Ad hoc wireless network performance: results obtained from the latest field trials Leading approaches to service discovery Addressing TCP over an ad hoc wireless network environment Support for multicast communications The role of Bluetooth and WAP Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks introduces detailed application scenarios ranging from home and car to office and battlefield. C.K. Toh also introduces several of the field's leading projects, from Motorola's PIANO platform to UC Berkeley's "Smart Dust." Whether you're a researcher, scientist, implementer, consultant, technical manager, CTO, or student, you won't find a more authoritative and comprehensive guide to the new state of the art in ad hoc networking.

Download or read book Wireless Algorithms Systems and Applications written by Yu Cheng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, WASA 2011, held in Chengdu, China, in August 2011. The 26 revised full papers and 13 invited papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address all current trends, challenges, and state of the art solutions related to various issues in wireless networks. Topics of interests include, but not limited to, effective and efficient state-of-the-art algorithm design and analysis, reliable and secure system development and implementations, experimental study and test bed validation, and new application exploration in wireless networks.

Download or read book Advanced Routing Protocols for Wireless Networks written by Miguel Elias Mitre Campista and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-02 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text introduces the principles of routing protocols and metrics as they affect wireless networking environments, specifically in urban areas. Timely because of the recent rise in small city life, this topic includes the consideration of ad hoc, mesh, vehicular, sensor, and delay tolerant networks. These approaches are each unique, and author Miguel Mitre Campista provides a thorough, but accessible, explanation of their individual characteristics for engineers, computer scientists, IT professionals, and curious Internet users.

Download or read book Opportunistic Routing in Multihop Wireless Networks written by Kai Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Opportunistic routing (OR) takes advantages of the spatial diversity and broadcast nature of wireless networks to combat the time-varying links by involving multiple neighboring nodes (forwarding candidates) for each packet relay. This dissertation studies the properties, energy efficiency, capacity, throughput, protocol design and security issues about OR in multihop wireless networks. Firstly, we study geographic opportunistic routing (GOR), a variant of OR which makes use of nodes' location information. We identify and prove three important properties of GOR. The first one is on prioritizing the forwarding candidates according to their geographic advancements to the destination. The second one is on choosing the forwarding candidates based on their advancements and link qualities in order to maximize the expected packet advancement (EPA) with different number of forwarding candidates. The third one is on the concavity of the maximum EPA in respect to the number of forwarding candidates. We further propose a local metric, EPA per unit energy consumption, to tradeoff the routing performance and energy efficiency for GOR. Leveraging the proved properties of GOR, we propose two efficient algorithms to select and prioritize forwarding candidates to maximize the local metric. Secondly, capacity is a fundamental issue in multihop wireless networks. We propose a framework to compute the end-to-end throughput bound or capacity of OR in single/multirate systems given OR strategies (candidate selection and prioritization). Taking into account wireless interference and unique properties of OR, we propose a new method of constructing transmission conflict graphs, and we introduce the concept of concurrent transmission sets to allow the proper formulation of the maximum end-to-end throughput problem as a maximum-flow linear programming problem subject to the transmission conflict constraints. We also propose two OR metrics: expected medium time (EMT) and expected advancement rate (EAR), and the corresponding distributed and local rate and candidate set selection schemes, the Least Medium Time OR (LMTOR) and the Multirate Geographic OR (MGOR). We further extend our framework to compute the capacity of OR in multi-radio multi-channel systems with dynamic OR strategies. We study the necessary and sufficient conditions for the schedulability of a traffic demand vector associated with a transmitter to its forwarding candidates in a concurrent transmission set. We further propose an LP approach and a heuristic algorithm to obtain an opportunistic forwarding strategy scheduling that satisfies a traffic demand vector. Our methodology can be used to calculate the end-to-end throughput bound of OR in multi-radio/channel/rate multihop wireless networks, as well as to study the OR behaviors (such as candidate selection and prioritization) under different network configurations. Thirdly, protocol design of OR in a contention-based medium access environment is an important and challenging issue. In order to avoid duplication, we should ensure only the "best" receiver of each packet to forward it in an efficient way. We investigate the existing candidate coordination schemes and propose a "fast slotted acknowledgment" (FSA) to further improve the performance of OR by using a single ACK to coordinate the forwarding candidates with the help of the channel sensing technique. Furthermore, we study the throughput of GOR in multi-rate and single-rate systems. We introduce a framework to analyze the one-hop throughput of GOR, and provide a deeper insight on the trade-off between the benefit (packet advancement, bandwidth, and transmission reliability) and cost (medium time delay) associated with the node collaboration. We propose a local metric named expected one-hop throughput (EOT) to balance the benefit and cost. Finally, packet reception ratio (PRR) has been widely used as an indicator of the link quality in multihop wireless networks. Many routing protocols including OR in wireless networks depend on the PRR information to make routing decision. Providing accurate link quality measurement (LQM) is essential to ensure the right operation of these routing protocols. However, the existing LQM mechanisms are subject to malicious attacks, thus can not guarantee to provide correct link quality information. We analyze the security vulnerabilities in the existing link quality measurement (LQM) mechanisms and propose an efficient broadcast-based secure LQM (SLQM) mechanism, which prevents the malicious attackers from reporting a higher PRR than the actual one. We analyze the security strength and the cost of the proposed mechanism.

Download or read book Network Formation and Routing for Multi hop Wireless Ad hoc Networks written by Xin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An energy-aware on-demand Bluetooth scatternet formation and routing protocol taking into account network architecture and traffic pattern is proposed. The scatternet formation protocol is able to cope with multiple sources initiating traffic simultaneously as well as prolong network lifetime. A modified Inquiry scheme using extended ID packet is introduced for fast device discovery and power efficient propagation of route request messages with low delay. A mechanism employing POLL packets in Page processes is proposed to transfer scatternet formation and route reply information without extra overhead. In addition, the energy aware forwarding nodes selection scheme is based on local information and results in more uniform network resource utilization and improved network lifetime. Simulation results show that this protocol can provide scatternet formation with reasonable delay and with good load balance which results in prolonged network lifetime for Bluetooth-based wireless sensor networks. In this research, a metric-based scatternet formation algorithm for the Bluetooth-based sensor motes is presented. It optimizes the Bluetooth network formation from the hop distance and link quality perspectives. In addition, a smart repair mechanism is proposed to deal with link/node failure and recover the network connectivity promptly with low overhead. The experiments with the Intel Mote platform demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimizations. This research also investigates the scalability of ad hoc routing protocols in very large-scale wireless ad hoc networks. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted of the performance of an on-demand routing protocol on a very large-scale, with as many as 50,000 nodes in the network. The scalability analysis is addressed based on various network sizes, node density, traffic load, and mobility. The reasons for packet loss are analyzed and categorized at each network layer. Based on the observations, we observe the effect of the parameter selection and try to exhaust the scalability boundary of the on-demand routing protocol for wireless ad hoc networks.

Download or read book Exploitation of Path Diversity in Cooperative Multi hop Wireless Networks written by Jonghyun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio-equipped mobile computers can form a mobile ad hoc multi-hop wireless network. When these mobile nodes are highly dynamic, the task to find a route from one node to another is very challenging. In order to design an efficient and effective routing system, all the characteristics of mobile wireless communication should be exploited. Clearly, one of the promising techniques is the exploitation of the path diversity. At a given time, channel condition in any link varies as nodes move; often the variation is significant even when the mobility is moderate. As a result, the best path between two nodes will also vary. Consequently, links and paths will vary in space and time. This variability is called diversity. The main goal in this thesis is to exploit the path diversity in order to improve end-to-end performance metrics such as throughput and delivery probability, but without greatly increasing overhead. The first step in this research is to develop several path quality metrics, which we will seek to optimize by exploiting path diversity. For example, path quality is the smallest SNR over all links along the path. In general, path quality will be defined based on the protocol designer's routing objective (e.g., maximizing the throughput). Once possible metrics have been defined, we explore an idealized and aggressive path diversity exploitation technique to determine the upper limit of the benefits that can be achieved by exploiting path diversity. We also explore the path differences resulting from different path metrics. Our idealized and aggressive approach to diversity exploitation results in too much overhead to be of practical use. Thus, we focus on developing efficient path diversity exploitation techniques. To this end, the qualities of the paths are monitored reactively; when the current best path drops below a threshold, a local search to exploit path diversity is triggered. To further reduce the overhead and find the new best path efficiently, two more methods, namely, J-test and routing metric based power control, are proposed. Additionally, a novel routing technique for automatic stretching and shrinking on the current best path is proposed for dynamic route adjustments. Another goal in this thesis is to utilize the uncertainty of packet transmissions to the intended nodes that are prioritized by some criteria by grafting the path diversity exploitation onto opportunistic forwarding scheme. First of all, a method to construct the intended prioritized nodes based on paths' qualities is proposed. For the purpose of comparison between deterministic forwarding (resulting in a best path) and opportunistic forwarding (resulting in an opportunistic path), three protocols are proposed; one is for deterministic forwarding, another for pure opportunistic forwarding, and the other for opportunistic forwarding with some features used in deterministic forwarding. The level of opportunism depends on the relationship between packet error probability and SNR. The less steep the relationship is (i.e., the smaller the first derivative), the higher uncertainty of packet transmissions, this is, the better performance of an opportunistic approach. The comparison is performed with six different curves of the relationship; one is directly based on the standard radio model and the others are artificially derived based on the standard one. A final part of this research focuses on developing techniques to track the relationship between packet error probability (PEP) and SNR. The various representative PEP/SNR relationships are determined from packet-level simulation in advance and then a relationship among them is estimated from the observations measured in real networks. The sequence of the estimated relationships over time provides useful information about the prediction of the future PEP/SNR relationship. This present and future channel estimation will help a cognitive routing protocol to achieve its intelligent task.

Download or read book Secure Routing in Multi Hop Wireless Networks written by Gergely Acs and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Routing is a fundamental networking function in every communication system, and multi-hop wireless networks are no exceptions. Attacking the routing service, an adversary can easily paralyse the operation of an entire network. The malicious manipulation of some routing messages results in the dissemination of incorrect routing information which can eventually lead to network malfunction. Even more, intermediate nodes can be corrupted, and thus, exhibit arbitrary behavior. Due to the subtle nature of attacks against routing protocols, informal reasoning about wireless routing security is an error-prone method. In this work, I develop a formal framework in which precise definitions of secure routing can be given, and secure routing protocols proposed for multi-hop wireless networks can be rigorously analysed. I demonstrate the usefulness of this framework in two ways: first, I prove the security of several existing routing protocols. Second, applying the design principles that were identified during the analyses, I propose novel routing protocols for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks and I prove that they are secure in my model.