Download or read book Effect of Wettability of Porous Media on Oil Recovery by Water Flood written by I. L. Budhiraja and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of water flood studies made on a long unconsolidated core consisting of a pack of glass spheres, it has been found that break through recovery decreases by about 16 per cent as the wettability of the pack is changed from preferentially water wet to preferentially oil wet. This change in wettability has been brought about by treating the glass spheres with dilute solutions of Dri-film in benzene. The ultimate recovery has also been found to decrease as the oil wetness of the porous medium increases. The degree of wettability of the porous medium has been estimated by carrying out contact angle measurements in glass capillary tubes. An attempt has been made to establish the same wetting conditions in the capillary tubes as in the porous medium. This has been done by keeping the ratio of the volume of the treating liquid to the surface area treated, approximately the same in both.
Download or read book Oil Recovery by Wetting Agent Floods on Water Wet Porous Media written by Edmundo Marcos Ojeda and published by . This book was released on with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multiphase Flow in Permeable Media written by Martin J. Blunt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a fundamental description of multiphase fluid flow through porous rock, based on understanding movement at the pore, or microscopic, scale.
Download or read book Wettability written by Erle C. Donaldson and published by Gulf Publishing Company. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: &Quot;The wettability of oil reservoirs is the most important factor controlling the rate of oil recovery, providing a profound effect on petroleum production. The petroleum industry has increased the research effort on wettability, but, so far, there has never been a comprehensive book on the topic. This is the first book to go through all of the major research and applications on wettability. This book will prepare the professional, and academic, engineer for the challenges facing the oil and gas production characteristics of petroleum reservoirs."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Effect of Oil Viscosity on the Recovery of Oil by Water Flooding written by A. N. Fried and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Macroscopic Heterogeneities of Pore Structure and Wettability on Residual Oil Recovery Using the Gravity assisted Inert Gas Injection GAIGI Process written by Rafat Parsaei and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To recover oil remaining in petroleum reservoirs after waterflooding, the gravitationally stable mode of gas injection is recognized as a promising tertiary oil recovery process. Understanding the phenomena occurring over the course of the gravity-assisted inert gas injection (GAIGI) process is thus important. Extensive studies on both secondary and tertiary modes of gravity drainage have shown promising results in recovering oil from homogeneous water-wet glass bead packs, sand packs, and sandstone cores, respectively. However, it is not realistic to anticipate similar flow mechanisms and recovery results in all types of reservoirs because the natural hydrocarbon reservoirs are all heterogeneous in terms of their permeability, porosity, and wettability. Such heterogeneities cause irregular displacement patterns, and nonuniform fluid distribution. The impact of heterogeneity of the porous media on the GAIGI process has not been fully addressed in the experimental studies carried out to date; therefore, this thesis aims to fill in the gap of knowledge on this area. The impact of reservoir wettability and pore structure heterogeneities at the macroscopic scale on the recovery efficiency of the GAIGI process was investigated through a systematic experimental study for tertiary recovery of waterflood residual oil. To obtain heterogeneous (in terms of wettability) packings, isolated inclusions of oil-wet consolidated glass beads were embedded in a continuum of unconsolidated water-wet glass beads. Similarly, the heterogeneous porous media exhibiting permeability heterogeneity consisted of large-pore-size isolated regions randomly distributed in a small-pore-size continuum. Upon waterflooding, significantly higher waterflood residual oil saturation was established in both cases of heterogeneous media in comparison to water-wet homogeneous porous media. The amount of waterflood residual oil varied linearly with the volume fraction of heterogeneities in the packings. Experimental results obtained from tertiary gravity drainage experiments demonstrated that the continuity of water-wet portions of the heterogeneous porous media facilitates the residual oil recovery through the film flow mechanism, provided that the oil spreading coefficient is positive. In addition, owing to the high waterflood residual oil content of the heterogeneous media tested, the oil bank formation occurred earlier and grew faster than that in homogeneous media, resulting in a higher oil recovery factor. However, the favorable wettability conditions in both the homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media exhibiting permeability heterogeneity resulted in slightly lower reduced residual oil saturation after the GAIGI process compared to that in the heterogeneous media with wettability heterogeneity under the same condition of withdrawal rate. In addition, the oil recovery factor at gas breakthrough was found to be inversely related to the production rate due to the functionality of gravity and viscous forces over the course of gravity drainage. These two forces were combined into a dimensionless form, defined as the gravity number (Ngv=KDrogg/moVpg). It was discovered that there is a correlation between the oil recovery factor at gas breakthrough and the gravity number for both the heterogeneous and homogeneous media. The correlation of recovery factor at gas breakthrough versus the gravity number in heterogeneous media followed a similar trend as that found for homogeneous water-wet porous media. However, at a given gravity number, the recovery factor in heterogeneous media was greater than that in the homogeneous media. This implies that heterogeneous media will be better target reservoirs for applying the GAIGI process compared to the homogeneous reservoirs.
Download or read book Porous Media written by F. A.L. Dullien and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relationship between transport properties and pore structure of porous material. Models of pore structure are presented with a discussion of how such models can be used to predict the transport properties of porous media. Portions of the book are devoted to interpretations of experimental results in this area and directions for future research. Practical applications are given where applicable, and are expected to be useful for a large number of different fields, including reservoir engineering, geology, hydrogeology, soil science, chemical process engineering, biomedical engineering, fuel technology, hydrometallurgy, nuclear reactor technology, and materials science. Presents mechanisms of immiscible and miscible displacement (hydrodynamic dispersion) process in porous media Examines relationships between pore structure and fluid transport Considers approaches to enhanced oil recovery Explores network modeling and perolation theory
Download or read book Experiments and Modeling of Wettability Alteration in Low Permeability Porous Media written by Prateek Kathel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturally fractured reservoirs contain a significant amount of global hydrocarbon reserves. In fractured reservoirs, the efficiency of water flood is governed by spontaneous imbibition of water into oil-containing matrix blocks. When the matrix is oil-wet or mixed-wet, little oil can be recovered by imbibition. Wettability alteration provides a possible solution to enhance oil recovery in oil/mixed-wet fractured formations. Different chemicals such as surfactants, enzymes, selective ions can be used to alter wettability from oil-wet towards more water-wet which can substantially increase the oil recovery. Understanding recovery mechanisms for these processes at different inverse bond numbers (ratio of capillary to buoyancy forces) and developing scaling rules are critical for estimating feasibility at field scale. Surfactants were identified which altered the wettability of a low permeability (0.03 - 0.23 mD) mixed-wet/oil-wet sandstone reservoir. Static imbibition experiments in the surfactant solution resulted in high oil recovery (42-68% OOIP) compared to 15% OOIP in formation brine. High (>240) inverse bond numbers for these experiments indicate recovery mechanism as counter-current imbibition driven by capillary forces. Numerically simulated saturation and velocity profiles on validated datasets were analyzed to study the recovery mechanisms. Velocity profiles indicate counter current flows with velocity vectors pointing outwards. Similar visual observations were made during experiments, which were captured through images. The saturation front moves radially inward with symmetric profiles at the top and bottom. An analysis of scaling laws for the capillary driven flow suggests that imbibition recovery curves do not correlate with traditional scaling groups (Mattax and Kyte, 1962; Ma et al. 1997). The scaling equations analyzed are for strongly water-wet porous media and are insufficient to explain the dynamics of changing wettability from oil-wet to water-wet. The recovery data shows that oil recovery varies linearly with square root of time. It was observed that the rate of recovery was higher for the higher IFT cases in experiments performed on cores with almost same initial oil saturation using the same surfactant, but at different salinities. As a result of varying the salinity, interfacial tension between oil/water is varied. To evaluate the application of wettability altering processes at larger scales experiments were performed on outcrop cores of different dimensions and at dynamic conditions. Surfactant formulation was developed which altered the wettability from oil-wet to water-wet on outcrop rocks Estaillades Limestone and Texas Cream Limestone. Using the surfactant formulation static and dynamic imbibition experiments were performed on cores with different dimensions and boundary conditions. It is observed that dynamic imbibition process recovers oil faster than static imbibition. Imbibition experiments performed on cores with varying height and diameter show that oil recovery decreases with increasing diameter and height. Study of numerically simulated velocity and saturation profile on validated input datasets established the recovery mechanism as gravity dominated flow. Analytical scaling groups for gravity dominated flow were tested considering pressure drop only in water phase, pressure drop only in oil phase, and pressure drop across both water and oil phases. The model with pressure drop in both phases captures the decrease in recovery with increase in diameter and height of the core. Sensitivity to change in oil recovery with change in height is fairly accurate whereas the model over-predicts oil recovery with change in diameter. A new space-time scaling function (t/DH) is proposed for surfactant aided gravity dominated processes. Data with same boundary conditions, rock, fluids and varying dimensions can be correlated with the scaling function at early times with no fitting parameters involved. A good correlation is obtained with the data from different studies indicating the effectiveness of the scaling function. The scaling is applicable to both static as well as dynamic imbibition cases. Corefloods were performed on cores from different reservoirs to study the effect of wettability altering surfactant flood in a viscous pressure gradient driven process (as opposed to capillary or buoyancy driven imbibition process). Incremental oil recoveries over waterflood were analyzed for different injection schemes. Incremental recoveries over waterflood of 16% and 11% were obtained for secondary surfactant flood and slug process (surfactant slug injection after short initial waterflood) respectively for carbonate reservoir 1. Similarly, incremental recoveries over waterflood of 11% and 7% were obtained for secondary surfactant flood and slug process respectively for carbonate reservoir 2. The incremental oil recovery due to surfactant injection is attributed to the favorable increase in the relative permeability values of oil as the wettability is changed from oil-wet to water-wet. Experiments indicate that surfactant performance at the reservoir conditions (temperature, salinity, heterogeneity) is a key variable in these processes. Despite the differences in these conditions, for both the reservoirs oil recovery is more in the secondary surfactant injection mode compared to the slug process.
Download or read book Oil Recovery by Water and Surfactant Floods in Water wet Porous Media written by N.R. Gurak and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wettability written by Erle C. Donaldson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wettability of oil reservoirs is the most important factor controlling the rate of oil recovery, providing a profound effect on petroleum production. The petroleum industry has increased the research effort on wettability, but, so far, there has been limited coverage on the topic. Wettability reviews the major research and applications on wettability, capillary pressure and improved recovery. Critical topics including core preservation, the effect of wettability on relative permeability, surface forces such as van der Waals equation of state, petroleum traps and pore size effects are all included in this musthave handbook. Deciphering the techniques and examples will increase the efficiency and production of oil recovery, translating to stronger reservoir simulations and improved well production.
Download or read book Porous Media Fluid Transport and Pore Structure written by F Dullien and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porous Media: Fluid Transport and Pore Structure presents relevant data on the role of pore structure in terms of transport phenomena in pore spaces. The information is then applied to the interpretation of various experiments and results of model calculations. This book emphasizes the discussion of ""flow through porous media"" in terms of interactions among the three main factors. These factors are transport phenomena, interfacial effects, and pore structure. An introductory chapter opens the text and presents some of the basic concepts and terms that will be encountered all throughout. Chapters 2 to 4 focus on the important foundations of the physical phenomena as applied in the pore space of porous media. These foundations are capillarity, pore structure, and single phase flow and diffusion. Chapters 5 to 7 discuss more in detail the different applications of pore structure to various operations and processes. Some of the concepts covered in this part of the book include flow and/or diffusion through a porous medium, simultaneous flow of immiscible fluids and immiscible displacement, and miscible displacement and hydrodynamic dispersion. This book is a good reference to students, scientists, and engineers in the field of chemistry, physics, and biology.
Download or read book Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Patrizio Raffa and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at presenting, describing, and summarizing the latest advances in polymer flooding regarding the chemical synthesis of the EOR agents and the numerical simulation of compositional models in porous media, including a description of the possible applications of nanotechnology acting as a booster of traditional chemical EOR processes. A large part of the world economy depends nowadays on non-renewable energy sources, most of them of fossil origin. Though the search for and the development of newer, greener, and more sustainable sources have been going on for the last decades, humanity is still fossil-fuel dependent. Primary and secondary oil recovery techniques merely produce up to a half of the Original Oil In Place. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are aimed at further increasing this value. Among these, chemical EOR techniques (including polymer flooding) present a great potential in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields. • Describes recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery. • Contains detailed description of polymer flooding and nanotechnology as promising boosting tools for EOR. • Includes both experimental and theoretical studies. About the Authors Patrizio Raffa is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen. He focuses on design and synthesis of new polymeric materials optimized for industrial applications such as EOR, coatings and smart materials. He (co)authored about 40 articles in peer reviewed journals. Pablo Druetta works as lecturer at the University of Groningen (RUG) and as engineering consultant. He received his Ph.D. from RUG in 2018 and has been teaching at a graduate level for 15 years. His research focus lies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Download or read book Multiphase Flow in Porous Media written by P.M. Adler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of multiphase flow through porous media is undergoing intense development, mostly due to the recent introduction of new methods. After the profound changes induced by percolation in the eighties, attention is nowadays focused on the pore scale. The physical situation is complex and only recently have tools become available that allow significant progress to be made in the area. This volume on Multiphase Flow in Porous Media, which is also being published as a special issue of the journal Transport in Porous Media, contains contributions on the lattice-Boltzmann technique, the renormalization technique, and semi-phenomenological studies at the pore level. Attention is mostly focused on two- and three-phase flows. These techniques are of tremendous importance for the numerous applications of multiphase flows in oil fields, unsaturated soils, the chemical industry, and environmental sciences.
Download or read book The Effects of Wettability on the Movement of Oil and Water Through Porous Media written by R. H. Zinszer and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Waterflooding written by G. Paul Willhite and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterflooding begins with understanding the basic principles of immiscible displacement, then presents a systematic procedure for designing a waterflood.
Download or read book Interfacial Phenomena in Petroleum Recovery written by Norman R. Morrow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-09-28 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deals with specialized but interrelated problems in oil recovery in which the effect of interfacial behaviors is the dominant factor. Describes approaches to improving the understanding of the fundamentals of displacement, with the goal of simplifying systems sufficiently to enable measurements and
Download or read book Heavy Crude Oil Recovery written by E. Okandan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the last 10 years the world has come to a point where the easily explorable oil deposits have now been found, and it is anticipated that such deposits will be depleted by the beginning of the Twenty-first Century. However, the increasing demand of man kind for energy has caused technologists to look into ways of find ing new sources or to reevaluat:e unconventional sources which, in the past, have not been economical. In this respect, heavy crude and tar sand oils are becoming important in fulfilling the world's energy requirements. What are heavy crude and tar sand oils? There is still some confusion as to their definitions, inasmuch as they vary among organizations and countries. In an effort to set agreed meanings, UNITAR, in a meeting in February 1982 in Venezuela, proposed the following definitions (see also Table 1): 1. Heavy crude oil and tar sand oil are petroleum or petroleum like liquids or semi-solids naturally occurring in porous media. The porous media are sands, sandstone, and carbonate rocks. 2. These oils will be characterized by viscosity and density. Viscosity will be used to define heavy crude oil and tar sand oil, and density (oAPI) will be used when viscosity measurements are not available. 3. Heavy crude oil has a gas-free viscosity of 100-10000 mPa.s (cp) 3 o at reservoir temperatures, or a density of 943 kg/m (20 API) 3 o o to 1000 kg/m (10 API) at 15.6 C and at atmospheric oressure.
