Download or read book Effect of Three Plant Growth Regulators and Two Nitrogen Regimes on Growth and Performance of Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Huds written by Ronald Nigel Calhoun and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turfgrass written by John C. Stier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 1348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability is a key framework for analyzing biological systems—and turfgrass is no exception. It is part of a complex that encompasses turfgrass interactions with different environments and the suitability of different turfgrasses for specific environments. In addition to its biological role, turfgrass—in the form of lawns, green spaces, and playing surfaces—brings beneficial sociological effects to an increasingly urbanized society. This book presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and issues in the field of turfgrass research and management, including the genetics and breeding, the diseases and pests, and the ecology of turfgrasses, and will appeal to a broad spectrum of readers.
Download or read book Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Creeping Bentgrass and Bentgrass Growth and Health During Heat Salt and Combined Heat and Salt Stress written by Arly Marie Drake and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: However, at times it is subjected to environmental stresses such as heat and salt. In field settings plants are often subjected to more than one stress at a time and studying stresses independently is likely insufficient. These stresses can affect plant hormone levels and, in turn, plant hormone levels can affect how well the plant tolerates stress. There were two experiments conducted. In the first experiment creeping bentgrass was transplanted into hydroponics systems in two different growth chambers. One chamber was set to have day and night time temperatures of 35 and 30-degrees Celsius, respectively. The other was set to have a day and night time temperatures of 25 and 20-degrees, respectively. Within each chamber one block received a 50 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment and the other did not. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is a turfgrass species that is widely used on golf courses throughout the United States. It can withstand extremely low mowing heights and can provide a dense cover making it an ideal species for low cut areas of the golf course. The stress treatments were applied for 14 days. The experiment was repeated four times. Results of the first experiment indicated that the treatments were sufficient to negatively affect creeping bentgrass growth and health as indicated by fresh shoot and root weights, tillering, electrolyte leakage and total chlorophyll content (TCC). There were significant interactions between temperature and salt level detected for shoot and root weights and electrolyte leakage. Plants that were exposed to both heat and salt stress were more negatively affected than plants exposed to either heat or salt stress alone for all metrics except for tillering. The presence of NaCl reduced tillering regardless of temperature regime. In the second experiment plants were treated the same, but plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments were also applied. The second experiment was repeated six times and PGR treatments were re-randomized within the block each time. The PGR treatments consisted of two different gibberellin (GA) synthesis-inhibitor products, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acid (2,4-D), two different rates of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an ethylene synthesis suppressor, and plants that were not treated with a PGR. In addition to the aforementioned measurements of plant health and growth dry shoot and root weights were also measured. There were two significant interactions detected in the second experiment. For TCC there was a two-way interaction between temperature and PGR treatment and for electrolyte leakage there was a three-way interaction between temperature, salt level and PGR treatment. Combined heat and salt stress negatively affected all plants regardless of PGR treatment, but there were differences between PGR treatments. Plants treated with AVG performed better than the other PGR treatments. These plants had the highest shoot and root masses. Plants treated with GA-synthesis inhibitors had the lowest shoot and root masses as well as the lowest TCC when subjected to stress.
Download or read book Masters Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth and Net Carbon Exchange of Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Huds Managed Under Three Moisture Regimes in Two Modified Soils written by Sidney Gary Custis and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Root Growth and Water Use of Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Huds and Kentucky Bluegrass Poa Pratensis L written by Donghoon Lee and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Three Selected Growth Regulators on Penncross Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Hud written by Theodore B. Bailey and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of N form on Growth Nutrient Content and Nutrient Uptake of Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Huds written by James Norfleet McCrimmon and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multi year Effects of Granular and Foliar Nitrogen Fertilizers on Penn A 4 Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Huds Grown on Three Rootzones written by Miyuan Xiao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Trinexapac Ethyl and Three Nitrogen Sources on Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Stolonifera Grown Under Three Light Environments written by Edward John Nangle and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Shade stress on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) causes elongation of leaves, reduced energy availability for growth and lower levels of disease resistance resulting in poor quality putting surfaces. Decreased quantity or photosynthetic photon flux density (PPF) and quality or the red:far red light ratio (R:FR) of light affects the morphology of turfgrass plants by increasing production of giberellic acid and reducing available non-structural carbohydrates. The object of the study was to determine which source of nitrogen (N) is best suited to retaining turfgrass quality in shade and to see if the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl [4-(cyclopropyl-[alpha]-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethyl ester] (TE) (Syngenta AG, Switzerland) can improve density and combat the loss of surface quality of bentgrass under tree shade. Field studies were conducted on 'Penncross' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) in Columbus, in 2006, and 2007. Under three light environments: full sun (FS), reduced R:FR (DS), and reduced PPF (NS). Light reduction was>90% in both shade areas and the R:FR ratio was .38 in the DS area, 1.28 in NS, and 1.29 in FS. The three N treatments included (NH2)2CO, Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4 foliarly applied weekly at a rate of 0.43g m-2 with or without TE applied bi-weekly at 0.3975 L ha-1. Chlorophyll content, along with non-structural carbohydrates, flavonoids, turf canopy color, dry matter and canopy densities were measured. There were no differences in soluble carbohydrate levels between treatments. Chlorophyll levels varied between TE treated and non-treated areas. Applications of (NH2)2CO consistently resulted in higher content of N15 in turfgrass plants also but there was no effect in nitrogen uptake kinetics due to light environment differences. TE had a negative impact on quantities of flavonoids. There was variation between the N treatments in relation to dry matter and carbohydrate content. (NH2)2CO in combination with TE provided the best visual quality surface as the season progressed. TE was effective in reduced PPF conditions and R:FR conditions which would indicate it as a possible product for use in shade management of creeping bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera. It was equally efficient in both light environments suggesting that prior shade research using NS is relevant to shade management in private industry. There was not a strong indication as to a preferred source of N.(NH2)2CO had positive impacts on total chlorophyll content.
Download or read book Soluble Silicon Impact on Growth and Disease Severity of Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Huds Seedlings Grown in Sand written by Eva Gussack and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Meetings Abstracts written by American Society of Agronomy and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Growth Regulators written by Tariq Aftab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture faces many challenges to fulfil the growing demand for sustainable food production and ensure high-quality nutrition for a rapidly growing population. To guarantee adequate food production, it is necessary to increase the yield per area of arable land. A method for achieving this goal has been the application of growth regulators to modulate plant growth. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are substances in specific formulations which, when applied to plants or seeds, have the capacity to promote, inhibit, or modify physiological traits, development and/or stress responses. They maintain proper balance between source and sink for enhancing crop yield. PGRs are used to maximize productivity and quality, improve consistency in production, and overcome genetic and abiotic limitations to plant productivity. Suitable PGRs include hormones such as cytokinins and auxins, and hormone-like compounds such as mepiquat chloride and paclobutrazol. The use of PGRs in mainstream agriculture has steadily increased within the last 20 years as their benefits have become better understood by growers. Unfortunately, the growth of the PGR market may be constrained by a lack of innovation at a time when an increase in demand for new products will require steady innovation and discovery of novel, cost-competitive, specific, and effective PGRs. A plant bio-stimulant is any substance or microorganism applied to plants with the aim to enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance and/or crop quality traits, regardless of its nutrients content. Apart from traditional PGRs, which are mostly plant hormones, there are a number of substances/molecules such as nitric oxide, methyl jasmonate, brassinosteroids, seaweed extracts, strigolactones, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria etc. which act as PGRs. These novel PGRs or bio-stimulants have been reported to play important roles in stress responses and adaptation. They can protect plants against various stresses, including water deficit, chilling and high temperatures, salinity and flooding. This book includes chapters ranging from sensing and signalling in plants to translational research. In addition, the cross-talk operative in plants in response to varied signals of biotic and abiotic nature is also presented. Ultimately the objective of this book is to present the current scenario and the future plan of action for the management of stresses through traditional as well as novel PGRs. We believe that this book will initiate and introduce readers to state-of-the-art developments and trends in this field of study.
Download or read book Some Effects of Supraoptimal Temperatures Upon Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Huds written by Dale Thomas Duff and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth Characteristics of Penncross Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Huds at Four Soil Temperatures and Five Fertility Regimes written by Douglas Tilton Hawes and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rooting and Lateral Recovery of Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris in Response to Plant Growth Regulators Preemergence Herbicides and Soil Temperature written by Hennen Dock Cummings and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Pigment containing Products on Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Stolonifera L Var Palustris Huds Performance written by James Richard Gann and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Golf courses continue to explore all options for relief of summer stress on bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. var palustris (Huds.)] putting greens. The use of colorants and other pigment-containing products has recently been suggested as a means of relieving this stress by reducing temperatures and respiration, and increasing photosynthesis. Research supporting these claims is limited, especially on bentgrass putting greens located in stressful environments. The objective of this experiment was therefore to investigate the impacts of pigment-containing products on turfgrass physiology during hot and humid summer months in the Southeastern USA. Four pigment-containing products were selected for the two 2012 summer field studies: Turf Screen (a combination of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide), PAR and Foursome (copper-based pigments), and a paint designed for dormant turfgrass throughout the winter months. Products were applied weekly for ten weeks. Two of the products, Turf Screen and PAR, were also used in two 10 day growth chamber studies to evaluate their effects on bentgrass plugs under stressful high temperatures. In field studies, lower carbon dioxide exchange rates (CER) were measured in untreated turf compared to Turf Screen, PAR, Foursome and the paint, indicating that these products reduced photosynthesis. In both studies, the paint had the highest CER of any treatment. Turf Screen and PAR performed similarly in both studies (0.182 and 0.118 μmol CO2 cm-2 s-1 in study one, 0.090 and 0.091 in study two). In study two, evaporation rates of untreated plots averaged 1.00 μmol H2O cm-2 s-1, which was significantly higher than Turf Screen at -9.10 μmol H2O cm-2 s-1. None of the tested products lowered canopy temperature, and treated turf plots often exhibited significantly higher temperatures (~1.5°F or 1.0°C) than the untreated controls. In study one, the untreated control had higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values than PAR, Turf Screen, and the paint throughout the summer. Differences in NDVI were not observed between Turf Screen, PAR, and Foursome in either study. Visual quality of turf treated with Turf Screen, PAR, and Foursome was similar to the untreated control in both studies. Images analyzed with the WinRHIZO program to calculate percent cover provided data consistent with the visual turfgrass quality ratings. Products had no significant effects on root mass. Tissue analysis showed Turf Screen treated foliage had higher zinc concentrations in both studies, averaging 911 ppm compared to 88 ppm for the untreated control. Soil zinc levels in Turf Screen treated plots were twice those of the other treatments in both studies. The paint treated turf had significantly higher tissue copper concentrations in both studies, averaging 155 ppm compared to the other treatments, which averaged 61 ppm. In growth chamber studies, CER was significantly lower in the unstressed control (35/24oC) at -1.15 compared to Turf Screen at 1.53, PAR at 0.67, and the stressed control (28/22oC) at 1.12 μmol CO2 cm-2 s-1 in study one. Positive CER values indicate that respiration rates exceeded photosynthetic rates in these pots. The unstressed control had significantly higher evaporation rates compared to Turf Screen, PAR, and the stressed control in study one. The stressed control, Turf Screen, and PAR had significantly lower Fv/Fm values compared to the unstressed control in both studies. A significant reduction in the transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) occurred when products were applied to transparent acrylic sheets. PAR and Foursome had least impact on the transmission of (PAR) wavelengths by only reducing ~20%. Turf Screen (39%) and the paint (46%) had the largest reductions. Microscopy images visualized the specific interactions between products and leaf blades. While Turf Screen (higher viscosity) remained on the leaf surface and covered the stomata, pigments such as PAR (lower viscosity) entered the leaf via stomata. Higher CER for treated turf in field study two indicates net photosynthesis is reduced when these products are applied. Higher evaporation rates for the untreated in field study two indicate that transpiration is also being affected by these products. Spectroradiometer data show a significant reduction in the transmission of photosynthetically active radiation when products are applied. In summary, these products failed to significantly enhance any plant processes normally associated with improved turf health and quality. On the contrary, products appeared to disrupt the plant's ability to cool itself through transpiration. The significant increases in heavy metal concentrations such as zinc and copper should also be considered, especially with long-term use.
