Download or read book Effect of Thermal Aging on Microstructural Evolution in Ferrite of Duplex Stainless Steel in Nuclear Power Plant Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term Embrittlement of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels in LWR Systems written by O. K. Chopra and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Heavy Ion Irradiation on Microstructural Evolution in CF8 Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microstructural evolution in ferrite and austenitic in cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) CF8, as received or thermally aged at 400 °C for 10,000 h, was followed under TEM with in situ irradiation of 1 MeV Kr ions at 300 and 350 °C to a fluence of 1.9 × 1015 ions/cm2 (~3 dpa) at the IVEM-Tandem Facility. For the unaged CF8, the irradiation-induced dislocation loops appeared at a much lower dose in the austenite than in the ferrite. At the end dose, the austenite formed a well-developed dislocation network microstructure, while the ferrite exhibited an extended dislocation structure as line segments. Compared to the unaged CF8, the aged specimen appeared to have lower rate of damage accumulation. The rate of microstructural evolution under irradiation in the ferrite was significantly lower in the aged specimen than in the unaged. Finally, we attributed this difference to the different initial microstructures in the unaged and aged specimens, which implies that thermal aging and irradiation are not independent but interconnected damage processes.
Download or read book Advanced Multicomponent Alloys written by Zengbao Jiao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-19 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates aspects of computational materials science, physical metallurgy, alloy design, structure-properties relationships, and applications of advanced multicomponent alloys. It can serve as a textbook for courses on advanced structural and functional materials for undergraduate and graduate students. Notably, the book compiles cutting-edge research on the progress of materials science of multicomponent alloys from fundamentals to engineering applications. It can be of considerable interest for researchers and scientists in the field of materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, and metallurgy engineering. In addition, this book not only summarizes the compositions, properties, and applications of various types of multicomponent alloys but also presents a complete idea on the efficient design of materials and processes to satisfy targeted performance in materials and structures. Thus, it can also be used as a reference book for engineers and researchers in industries.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Superplasticity in Advanced Materials written by José María Cabrera Marrero and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents practical and theoretical works on superplasticity in metals and ceramics, on deformation mechanisms, on processes to obtain large ultrafine-grained structures, on advanced characterization techniques, and on hot deformation of advanced materials. Key papers focus on (1) processing of metallic alloys for achieving exceptional superplastic properties, (2) high-pressure sliding (HPS) processes, (3) in-situ neutron and synchrotron methods, and (4) ultra-severe plastic deformation. Keywords: Superplasticity, Superfunctionality, High-pressure Sliding, High-pressure Torsion, Precise Forming, Numerical Simulation, Aeronautical Parts, Near-unconstrained Superplastic Parts, Low-temperature Superplasticity, Friction Stir Processing, Microstructure Evolution, Corrosion Properties, Duplex Stainless Steel, Grain Boundary Sliding, Laminated Materials, Asymmetric Hot Rolling, Uniaxial Hot Pressing, Diffusion Bonding.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Testing and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of the Effects of Long term Thermal Aging and HFIR Irradiation on the Microstructural Evolution of 9Cr 1MoVNb Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both thermal aging at 482--704°C for up to 25,000h and HFIR irradiation at 300--600°C for up to 39 dpa produce substantial changes in the as-tempered microstructure of 9Cr-1MoVNb martensitic/ferritic steel. However, the changes in the dislocation/subgrain boundary and the precipitate structures caused by thermal aging or neutron irradiation are quite different in nature. During thermal aging, the as-tempered lath/subgrain boundary and carbide precipitate structures remain stable below 650°C, but coarsen and recover somewhat at 650--704°C. The formation of abundant intergranular Laves phase, intra-lath dislocation networks, and fine dispersions of VC needles are thermal aging effects that are superimposed upon the as-tempered microstructure at 482--593°C. HFIR irradiation produces dense dispersions of very small black-dot'' dislocations loops at 300°C and produces helium bubbles and voids at 400°C At 300--500°C, there is considerable recovery of the as-tempered lath/subgrain boundary structure and microstructural/microcompositional instability of the as-tempered carbide precipitates during irradiation. By contrast, the as-tempered microstructure remains essentially unchanged during irradiation at 600°C. Comparison of thermally aged with irradiation material suggests that the instabilities of the as-tempered lath/subgrain boundary and precipitate structures at lower irradiation temperatures are radiation-induced effects, whereas the absence of both Laves phase and fine VC needles during irradiation is a radiation-retarded thermal effect.
Download or read book Atom Probe Tomography written by Michael K. Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microanalytical technique of atom probe tomography (APT) permits the spatial coordinates and elemental identities of the individual atoms within a small volume to be determined with near atomic resolution. Therefore, atom probe tomography provides a technique for acquiring atomic resolution three dimensional images of the solute distribution within the microstructures of materials. This monograph is designed to provide researchers and students the necessary information to plan and experimentally conduct an atom probe tomography experiment. The techniques required to visualize and to analyze the resulting three-dimensional data are also described. The monograph is organized into chapters each covering a specific aspect of the technique. The development of this powerful microanalytical technique from the origins offield ion microscopy in 1951, through the first three-dimensional atom probe prototype built in 1986 to today's commercial state-of-the-art three dimensional atom probe is documented in chapter 1. A general introduction to atom probe tomography is also presented in chapter 1. The various methods to fabricate suitable needle-shaped specimens are presented in chapter 2. The procedure to form field ion images of the needle-shaped specimen is described in chapter 3. In addition, the appearance of microstructural features and the information that may be estimated from field ion microscopy are summarized. A brief account of the theoretical basis for processes of field ionization and field evaporation is also included.
Download or read book Microstructural Evolution in Austenitic Stainless Steels for Extended life Power Station Applications written by Feng Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal Aging Phenomena in Cast Duplex Stainless Steels written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We used cast stainless steels (CASSs)for the large components of light water reactor (LWR) power plants such as primary coolant piping and pump casing. The thermal embrittlement of CASS components is one of the most serious concerns related to the extended-term operation of nuclear power plants. Many past researches have concluded that the formation of Cr-rich alpha-phase by Spinodal decomposition of delta-ferrite phase is the primary mechanism for the thermal embrittlement. Cracking mechanism in the thermally-embrittled duplex stainless steels consists of the formation of cleavage at ferrite and its propagation via separation of ferrite-austenite interphase. This article intends to provide an introductory overview on the thermal aging phenomena in LWR-relevant conditions. Firstly, the thermal aging effect on toughness is discussed in terms of the cause of embrittlement and influential parameters. Moreover, an approximate analysis of thermal reaction using Arrhenius equation was carried out to scope the aging temperatures for the accelerated aging experiments to simulate the 60 and 80 years of services. Further, an equilibrium precipitation calculation was performed for model CASS alloys using the CALPHAD program, and the results are used to describe the precipitation behaviors in duplex stainless steels. Our results are also to be used to guide an on-going research aiming to provide knowledge-based conclusive prediction for the integrity of the CASS components of LWR power plants during the service life extended up to and beyond 60 years.
Download or read book Characterisation of the Microstructural Evolution in Welded Austenitic Stainless Steels During Accelerated Ageing for Use in the Nuclear Power Plant Industry written by Graham Green and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Duplex Stainless Steels written by Iris Alvarez-Armas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-16 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Duplex Stainless Steels (DSSs) are chromium-nickel-molybdenum-iron alloys that are usually in proportions optimized for equalizing the volume fractions of austenite and ferrite. Due to their ferritic-austenitic microstructure, they possess a higher mechanical strength and a better corrosion resistance than standard austenitic steels. This type of steel is now increasing its application and market field due to its very good properties and relatively low cost. This book is a review of the most recent progress achieved in the last 10 years on microstructure, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength properties, as well as applications, due to the development of new grades. Special attention will be given to fatigue and fracture behavior and to proposed models to account for mechanical behavior. Each subject will be developed in chapters written by experts recognized around the international industrial and scientific communities. The use of duplex stainless steels has grown rapidly in the last 10 years, particularly in the oil and gas industry, chemical tankers, pulp and paper as well as the chemical industry. In all these examples, topics like welding, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength properties (mainly in the fatigue domain) are crucial. Therefore, the update of welding and corrosion properties and the introduction of topics like texture effects, fatigue and fracture strength properties, and mechanical behavior modeling give this book specific focus and character.
Download or read book Influence of Thermal Cycles on Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels Duprop written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Duplex stainless steels become more and more attractive, both from technical and economical points of view. However, use of duplex stainless steels is limited to 300 °C. Metallurgical transformation and phase precipitations can affect the mechanical and corrosion properties over long-term exposure at elevated temperatures. In some cases, however, it can be interesting to submit a duplex stainless steel to a thermal cycle. In this work the influence of short thermal cycles on the properties of duplex stainless steel has been studied. Four duplex stainless steel grades have been selected: two superduplex grades, one standard grade and one lean duplex. The influence of thermal cycles has been studied on base materials and welds. The influence of plastic deformation has also been investigated. The influences of thermal cycles have been investigated on toughness and corrosion properties. The microstructural evolutions have also been studied. Results show that thermal cycles can affect toughness properties and corrosion properties in different ways. For example, at the lower temperature, toughness can be strongly reduced while localised corrosion resistance is not affected. At the higher temperature, both the corrosion resistance and the toughness can be significantly reduced. This is because of the microstructural evolution in the steels. The possible influence of thermal cycles on stress relaxation of welded structures has been studied experimentally and with the help of thermal simulation. It has been demonstrated that rate of stress relaxation up to 70 % can be achieved. The results of this work can be used to determine whether thermal cycles are suitable for a particular application. The thermal cycles acceptable depend on the base material, on the weld technique used and on the material specification.
Download or read book Microstructural Evolution in a Ferritic martensitic Stainless Steel and Its Relation to High temperature Deformation and Rupture Models written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ferritic-martensitic stainless steel HT-9 exhibits an anomalously high creep strength in comparison to its high-temperature flow strength from tensile tests performed at moderate rates. A constitutive relation describing its high-temperature tensile behavior over a wide range of conditions has been developed. When applied to creep conditions the model predicts deformation rates orders of magnitude higher than observed. To account for the observed creep strength, a fine distribution of precipitates is postulated to evolve over time during creep. The precipitate density is calculated at each temperature and stress to give the observed creep rate. The apparent precipitation kinetics thereby extracted from this analysis is used in a model for the rupture-time kinetics that compares favorably with observation. Properly austenitized and tempered material was aged over times comparable to creep conditions, and in a way consistent with the precipitation kinetics from the model. Microstructural observations support the postulates and results of the model system. 16 refs., 10 figs.
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermal Aging Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steels written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microstructural characteristics of long-term-aged cast duplex stainless steel specimens from eight laboratory heats and an actual component from a commercial boiling water reactor have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM) techniques. Three precipitate phases, i.e., Cr-rich .cap alpha.' and the Ni- and Si-rich G phase, and .gamma.2 austenite, have been identified in the ferrite matrix of the aged specimens. For CF-8 grade materials, M23C6 carbides were identified on the austenite-ferrite boundaries as well as in the ferrite matrix for aging at greater than or equal to 450°C. It has been shown that Si, C, and Mo contents are important factors that influence the kinetics of the G-phase precipitation. However, TEM and APFIM analyses indicate that the embrittlement for less than or equal to400°C aging is primarily associated with Fe and Cr segregation in ferrite by spinodal decomposition. For extended aging, e.g., 6 to 8 years at 350 to 400°C, large platelike .cap alpha.' formed by nucleation and growth from the structure produced by the spinodal decomposition. The Cr content appears to play an important role either to promote the platelike .cap alpha.' (high Cr content) or to suppress the .cap alpha.' in favor of .gamma.2 precipitation (low Cr). Approximate TTT diagrams for the spinodal, .cap alpha.', G, .gamma.2, and the in-ferrite M23C6 have been constructed for 250 to 450°C aging. Microstructural modifications associated with a 550°C reannealing and a subsequent toughness restoration are also discussed. It is shown that the toughness restoration is associated primarily with the dissolution of the Cr-rich region in ferrite.
