Download or read book Effect of Seed Vigor Upon Field Performance and Yield of Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Cilas P. Camargo and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid grain sorghum seeds were aged artifically for 0, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days at 42oC and 100% RH, wich produced high, medium, low and lowest vigor level. Among the various laboratory tests performed, standard germination and field mergence, were the least sensitive in discerning the physiological condition of the seed lots. The speed of germination more accurately differentiated the degree of deterioration of the seed lots and was closety correlated to yield. Adverse effect of planting low vigor seeds was found to be related to plant height, panicle exsertion, anthesis, tillering capacity, length of the panicle, and yield. Less vigours seeds produced plants which were not able to "catch up" to the vigorous ones. These slow growing plants were significantly inferior in panicle exsertion to those produced from more vigorous seeds. Seeds aged for 7 and 11 days had their process of exsertion delayed for about 2 and 3 days, respectively. Anthesis, conseguently, was also significantly retarded. Tillering capacity of plants produced from low vigor seeds was significantly reduced, as well as grain yield. Primary head yield was also significantly reduced about 14% for the more deteriorated seeds, and 12% for the mixed treatment, as compared to the control. Yield reductions of 9, 4, and 3% were also detected in seeds aged for 7, 5, and 3 days, respectively, as compared to the check. Seed moisture content generally increases as the vigor level decreased, indicating that the process of maturation was delayed as a (...).

Download or read book Effect of Seed Vigor Levels on Field Performance and Yield of Grain Sorghum sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Amos Olaitan Ogundipe and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparative Performance of Three Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Cultivars Grown Under Rubber and in the Open Field as Affected by Nitrogen Level and Plant Density written by R.T. Gloria and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three grain sorghum cultivars were grown in the open field and under seven - and towo-year old rubber trees at there levels of nitrogen fertilizer and plant population density, to determine their performance in both seed and atoon crops in terms of grain yeild and other agronomic characters, quality perameters like protein and total starch content of grains and their effects on stem girth and latex yield of rubber. Comparing the six cultural environments with respect to the parameters evaluated, those grown in the open field and under two-year old rubber trees nanmely, MIT open field seed crop. MIT-open field ratoon crop, Kidapawan-under rubber seed crop and Kidapawan-under rubber ratton crop reduced the number of days to blooming, and gave higher grain and total dry matter yields, 100-grain weight and number of grains per panicle. The same treatments gave higher starch but lower protein content in the grains compared to those grown under seven-year old rubber trees namely. MIT-under rubber seed crop and MIT-under rubber ratoon crop. The u=yield component that was consistently associated with grain yield was number of grains per panicle. Nitrogen treatments increased grain yield, total dry matter yield, plant height, leaf area index and number of grains per panicle. Plant population density reduced leaf size and panicle length in both seed and ratoon crops in all environments. The cultivars showed a wide diversity of performance in different culturtal envivornments. There were as inverse relationships (...).

Download or read book Variation in Seed Specific Gravity in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by A.S. Goggi and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seeds of seven hybrid and open pollinated sorghum cultivars were separated with sucrose density solutions into four specific gravity (SG) classes for studies on the effects of seed SG on field performance. The seeds were planted at different densities to provide three levels of competition: "normal" planting density; one high and one low SG seeds in the same hill; and single seeds in widely spaced hills, no competition. There were no differences among the high, medium-low and unseparated (control) seed SG treatments for emergence, vegetative and reproductive development for the normal density plantings. Yield, however, was significantly lower for plants of the unseparated (control) seeds as compared to the SG separated seeds. When high and low SG seeds were planted in the same hill, emergence of the high SG seeds was higher and they produced more vigorous plants that produced more tillers, matured earlier and yielded more as compared to those from low SG seeds. In the case of high and low SG seeds planted at non-competitive spacing, emergence, plant height, number of tillers and yield were higher and the number of days to panicle exsertion and anthesis were fewer for the plants from the high SG seeds as compared to those from the low SG seeds. Priming of high SG seeds did not enhance plant performance above the level of the high SG unprimed seeds. Seed SG was greatly affected by the degreee of weathering and immaturity. As the degree of weathering or immaturity increased, the percentages of seeds in the two highest SG classes sharply declined, while those for the two lowest SG classes sharply increased. Seeds from the intense weathering treatments exhibited cavitation and profuse fungal growth in the placental sac area and in the embryo. Similar cavitation was observed in seeds from the immaturity treatments. Differences in the speed of germination among the unweathered, mature, high SG seeds appeared to be related to differences in permeability of the pericarp to water and/or oxygen.

Download or read book Grain Sorghum Field Emergence and Seed Vigor Tests written by C.E. Detoni and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor emergence of sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] affects the stand and potential yields. The major objective of this research was to find correlations among field emergence data and laboratory seed vigor tests. Thirty-two and 30 hybrids of sorghum were planted at three Virginia locations in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Field emergence was subsequently compared with results from laboratory tests that included: 1) standard germination; 2) osmotic-stress using polyethylene glycol 8000 (mw); 3) heat-shock using 2 hr at 50o.C stress; 4) electrical conductivity of steep water of germinating seeds; and 5) seed mass. Field emergence of grain sorghum differed among hybrids years and locations. Mean emergence across years and locations was 67.5%, whereas mean germination in the laboratory was 87.8%. There were interaction between hybrid and loction and between hybrid and year. Germination under optimal conditions (standard germination test) and with osmotic or heat-shock stress differed among hybrids. Regression analyses showed a weak correlation between laboratory germination (with or without stress) and field emergence in both years. The fresh weight of seedlings whether from standard germination or stress tests also differed among hybrids in both years, and the associations with field emergence were weakly correlated in 1996. Hybrids showed significant differences in radicle length when grown under laboratory stress in both years following standard germination. There was weak correlation with field emergence and radicle length following heat-shock treatment in 1996. The measurement of electrical conductivity in the seed steep water showed significant differences among hybrids. A weak correlation with field emergence was seen in 1996. Conductivity values per gram of seed and per cm2 of seed area revealed differences among hybrids. The correlation of these parameters with field emergence was higher than conductivity per seed. Seed mass varied among hybrids in both years, but was no correlation between seed mass and emergence. Of the laboratory parameters examined, germination proved to be the most consistent predictor of variations in field emergence of sorghum hybrids.

Download or read book Physiological and Agronomic Responses of a Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Hybrid to Elevated Night Temperatures written by V. B. Ogunlela and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two greenhouse and three field experiment were conducted to study the effects of elevated night temperatures on the yield and growth of a grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrid. The genotype used in these investigations was the 'RS 671' (Redlan x Tx 415), an open-pedigree temperate-adapted grain sorghum. The phenological growth phase during which temperature treatments were imposed was the panicle development (GS-2) period. Experiment I, II (greenhouse) and III (field) were designed to determine the response of grain sorghum to two elevated night temperatures and the growth stage during GS-2 period when the plant is most sensitive to elevated temperatures. Experiment IV and V (field) were conducted with the same objectives as those for Experiment I, II and III and also to determine the effects of artificial preconditioning on the plant's response to elevated night temperatures. Experiments I - Plants were exposed to 26.5 and 32 C night temperatures at 4-day durations commencing from florest differentiation through bloom. The two elevated night temperatures caused significant reduction in grain yield and yield components except seed size that was enhanced (12%) by the 32 C treatment. Approximately 19%, 21%, 24% and 20% reductions in panicle dry weight, grain yield per plant, number of seeds per panicle and grams of grain/GS-3 day/plant, respectively, were caused by the 32 C treatment. The 26,5 C treatment also caused reduction in these variables but to much lesser degrees. Numbers of days to (...).

Download or read book Proceedings of the Association of Official Seed Analysts written by Association of Official Seed Analysts. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trait Correlations and Parental Effects on Seedling Vigor in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Anthony Assibi Mahama and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Some Influences of Seed Dimension on Physiological Quality and Field Performance of Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Joseph Kipsaat Arap Kemei and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Grain Sorghum for Physiological and Yield Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fourth most important cereal crop grown throughout the semi-arid regions of the world. It is a staple food crop in Africa and Asia, while it is an important feed crop in the United States (US). More recently it is increasingly becoming important as a potential bioenergy feedstock crop around the world. The state of Kansas is the largest producer of grain sorghum in the US and contributes 40% of the total production. Drought is one of the major environmental factors limiting sorghum production in the semi-arid regions of the US, Asia and Africa. It is estimated that global crop losses due to drought stress exceed $10 billion annually. In crop production, drought stress can be classified into pre- or post-flowering. Even though the world collections of sorghum contain over 35,000 accessions, the genetic base currently used in breeding programs is very small (about 3%). Thus, it is important to identify diverse breeding lines for crop improvement. The diversity (association) panel consisting of 300 sorghum lines from all over the world was assembled for trait evaluation and association mapping. In this research these lines were grouped into the five major races (Figure 1) and 10 intermediate races of sorghum. The objectives of the research are to: (i) quantify the performance of the diversity panel under field conditions in Kansas, (ii) identify critical physiological traits affected by drought at both pre- and post-flowering stages of sorghum development, (iii) identify the most sensitive stage to drought stress during the reproductive phase of sorghum development and, (iv) test the feasibility of using a chlorophyll fluorescence assay (CVA) as a tool for identifying stay-green lines in grain sorghum during early stages of crop development. Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 in two locations in Kansas (Manhattan and Hays) under rain fed and irrigated conditions for the association panel. Objectives (iii) and (iv) were achieved with controlled environment experiments conducted in the greenhouse at the agronomy department, Kansas State University in 2006 and 2007. Results showed that there was large genetic variability among and within different races in the diversity panel for growth, physiological traits and yield components. Some genotypes showed yield stability across the different environments that were investigated. Drought significantly decreased seed number and harvest index across genotypes and races. In grain sorghum the period prior to flowering (panicle initiation) was the most sensitive stage to drought stress, in terms of its effect on seed-set, during reproductive development. A cell viability assay showed that there were significant differences in the loss of cell viability between leaf sample of stay green and non-stay green genotypes when leaf samples are collected in the morning and subjected to high respiratory demand. Therefore the chlorophyll fluorescence assay has potential as a tool for stay green trait screening at early stages of growth in grain sorghum.

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Tillering on Yield and Yield Components of Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Herbert Arnold Bruns and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Thinning at Different Growth Stages on Morphology and Yield of Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Ronnie Mack Castleberry and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Environment on Seed Development in Sorghum written by Kirby William Huffman and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Physiologic and Management Factors on Yield and Quality of Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Residues written by Danny Harold Smith and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies on Performance of Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Genotypes on Seed Yield Quality and Longevity written by Mallikarjun Sherakhane and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Seed Vigor Unpon Field Perfomance and Yiel of Grains Sorghum Soghum Bicolor L Moench written by C. P. Camargo and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: