Download or read book Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Creeping Bentgrass and Bentgrass Growth and Health During Heat Salt and Combined Heat and Salt Stress written by Arly Marie Drake and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: However, at times it is subjected to environmental stresses such as heat and salt. In field settings plants are often subjected to more than one stress at a time and studying stresses independently is likely insufficient. These stresses can affect plant hormone levels and, in turn, plant hormone levels can affect how well the plant tolerates stress. There were two experiments conducted. In the first experiment creeping bentgrass was transplanted into hydroponics systems in two different growth chambers. One chamber was set to have day and night time temperatures of 35 and 30-degrees Celsius, respectively. The other was set to have a day and night time temperatures of 25 and 20-degrees, respectively. Within each chamber one block received a 50 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment and the other did not. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is a turfgrass species that is widely used on golf courses throughout the United States. It can withstand extremely low mowing heights and can provide a dense cover making it an ideal species for low cut areas of the golf course. The stress treatments were applied for 14 days. The experiment was repeated four times. Results of the first experiment indicated that the treatments were sufficient to negatively affect creeping bentgrass growth and health as indicated by fresh shoot and root weights, tillering, electrolyte leakage and total chlorophyll content (TCC). There were significant interactions between temperature and salt level detected for shoot and root weights and electrolyte leakage. Plants that were exposed to both heat and salt stress were more negatively affected than plants exposed to either heat or salt stress alone for all metrics except for tillering. The presence of NaCl reduced tillering regardless of temperature regime. In the second experiment plants were treated the same, but plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments were also applied. The second experiment was repeated six times and PGR treatments were re-randomized within the block each time. The PGR treatments consisted of two different gibberellin (GA) synthesis-inhibitor products, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acid (2,4-D), two different rates of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an ethylene synthesis suppressor, and plants that were not treated with a PGR. In addition to the aforementioned measurements of plant health and growth dry shoot and root weights were also measured. There were two significant interactions detected in the second experiment. For TCC there was a two-way interaction between temperature and PGR treatment and for electrolyte leakage there was a three-way interaction between temperature, salt level and PGR treatment. Combined heat and salt stress negatively affected all plants regardless of PGR treatment, but there were differences between PGR treatments. Plants treated with AVG performed better than the other PGR treatments. These plants had the highest shoot and root masses. Plants treated with GA-synthesis inhibitors had the lowest shoot and root masses as well as the lowest TCC when subjected to stress.
Download or read book Effect of Three Plant Growth Regulators and Two Nitrogen Regimes on Growth and Performance of Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris Huds written by Ronald Nigel Calhoun and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Growth Regulators and Phytohormones in Overcoming Environmental Stress written by Anket Sharma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-05-03 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Growth Regulators and Phytohormones in Overcoming Environmental Stress is a comprehensive resource on all major PGRs. These include auxins, cytokinins, jasmonates, polyammines, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and more. In the last two decades, researchers have explored a lot about the roles of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in boosting the resistance of plants under stress conditions. These PGRs acts as stimulators for various physiological processes by regulating key cell signaling pathways. This title is an essential read for any scientist wanting to understand the latest advances in combatting abiotic stresses using plant growth regulators.In the present era, plants are facing a lot of challenges during their lifecycle, including growth declines due to abiotic stress. The main abiotic stresses threatening plants are water scarcity, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metals and pesticides. These stresses directly or indirectly cause toxicity to plants, causing hindrance to their growth and development, and ultimately reduce plant productivity. - Provides the latest research on all major Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) - Focuses on the mechanistic approaches of the physiological and molecular actions of PGRs - Highlights crosstalk between PGRs and phytohormones
Download or read book Physiological Biochemical and Molecular Factors Associated with Heat Tolerance in Bentgrass Agrostis Spp written by Yan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High temperature is a major factor limiting the growth of cool-season plant species during summer. Understanding mechanisms of plant tolerance to high temperature would help develop effective management practices and heat-tolerant cultivars through breeding or biotechnology. This dissertation research explored physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms for improving heat tolerance in two bentgrass species, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), a widely used cool-season grass species on golf course tees and putting greens, and thermal rough bentgrass (Agrostis scabra Willd.) adapted to geothermal areas in Yellowstone National Park. The dissertation reports research in three main components. The first section compared differential heat-induced metabolism of hormones, proteins and metabolites between heat-sensitive creeping bentgrass and heat-tolerant A. scabra. Based on the findings that heat tolerance of bentgrass was associated with changes in stress-related hormone levels, the effects of foliar-applied hormone or hormone inhibitors on creeping bentgrass to enhance heat tolerance were further studied. Results from both growth chamber and field studies confirmed the effectiveness of applying hormones or hormone-based plant growth regulators on alleviating heat injuries in creeping bentgrass. In the last part of the dissertation, a few transgenic creeping bentgrass lines with improved heat tolerance were characterized. These transgenic lines carry a gene (ipt) controlling cytokinin synthesis. Increased ipt gene expression and cytokinin levels were confirmed and changes in morphological and physiological traits of the plants were examined. Genome-wide protein responses to the addition of the gene and their association with heat tolerance were discussed. The results indicated that transformation with the ipt gene induced protein changes involved in multiple functional groups, mainly in energy, protein destination and storage, and disease/defense categories in both leaves and roots of creeping bentgrass, thus cytokinins may have regulatory roles in multiple metabolic pathways for heat tolerance. Taken together, these studies suggest summer performance of creeping bentgrass may be improved by properly applying hormone-based plant growth regulators or biostimulants, and incorporating molecular markers developed from heat- and/or hormone-responsive proteins and metabolites may facilitate selection of heat-tolerant creeping bentgrass cultivars.
Download or read book Salt Stress in Plants written by Parvaiz Ahmad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental conditions and changes, irrespective of source, cause a variety of stresses, one of the most prevalent of which is salt stress. Excess amount of salt in the soil adversely affects plant growth and development, and impairs production. Nearly 20% of the world’s cultivated area and nearly half of the world’s irrigated lands are affected by salinity. Processes such as seed germination, seedling growth and vigour, vegetative growth, flowering and fruit set are adversely affected by high salt concentration, ultimately causing diminished economic yield and also quality of produce. Most plants cannot tolerate salt-stress. High salt concentrations decrease the osmotic potential of soil solution, creating a water stress in plants and severe ion toxicity. The interactions of salts with mineral nutrition may result in nutrient imbalances and deficiencies. The consequence of all these can ultimately lead to plant death as a result of growth arrest and molecular damage. To achieve salt-tolerance, the foremost task is either to prevent or alleviate the damage, or to re-establish homeostatic conditions in the new stressful environment. Barring a few exceptions, the conventional breeding techniques have been unsuccessful in transferring the salt-tolerance trait to the target species. A host of genes encoding different structural and regulatory proteins have been used over the past 5–6 years for the development of a range of abiotic stress-tolerant plants. It has been shown that using regulatory genes is a more effective approach for developing stress-tolerant plants. Thus, understanding the molecular basis will be helpful in developing selection strategies for improving salinity tolerance. This book will shed light on the effect of salt stress on plants development, proteomics, genomics, genetic engineering, and plant adaptations, among other topics. The book will cover around 25 chapters with contributors from all over the world.
Download or read book Plant Growth Regulators to Manage Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Agroecosystems written by Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-08-30 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Growth Regulators to Manage Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Agroecosystems is a comprehensive book that explores the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) as effective stress-reduction techniques in agricultural environments. This book investigates the role of PGRs in handling biotic and abiotic stressors, offering useful insights to agriculturalists, researchers, and students. The book provides a comprehensive overview of many PGRs, including their methods of action and impacts on plant growth and development. It describes the use of PGRs to treat plant diseases caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The book also discusses the application of PGRs to improve plant tolerance to adverse climatic circumstances including drought, salt, and extreme temperatures. The authors also underline PGRs' sustainable and environmentally friendly character, which makes them a potential option for chemical therapies. They explore PGRs' potential to improve agricultural yield and resilience, therefore helping food security in a rapidly changing global environment. This book is an excellent resource for learning about the applications and advantages of PGRs in modern agriculture.
Download or read book Annual Meetings Abstracts written by American Society of Agronomy and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Priming and Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Drought Resistance Characteristics of Creeping Bentgrass written by Francois Xavier Rucamumihigo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management of Mixed Annual Bluegrass and Creeping Bentgrass Stands written by Michael George Hendricks and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Transgenic Creeping Bentgrass written by Susan Marie Redwine and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Creeping Bentgrass Management written by Peter H. Dernoeden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-07-15 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creeping Bentgrass Management presents a difficult management problem throughout the summer season. This complex dilemma is related to numerous and often interrelated factors such as: extreme air and soil temperatures, drought or excessively wet soils, dense thatch or organic mats, mechanical and other physical stresses, improper management practices, the misuse of chemicals, and other physical stresses. The goal of this useful manual--complete with helpful color photographs--is to give golf course superintendents practical tools to better understand the many stress factors that contribute to the creeping bentgrass decline complex. It will help you pinpoint problems, and implement cultural and chemical solutions to maintain the integrity of your course.
Download or read book The Effect of Trinexapac Ethyl and Three Nitrogen Sources on Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Stolonifera Grown Under Three Light Environments written by Edward John Nangle and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Shade stress on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) causes elongation of leaves, reduced energy availability for growth and lower levels of disease resistance resulting in poor quality putting surfaces. Decreased quantity or photosynthetic photon flux density (PPF) and quality or the red:far red light ratio (R:FR) of light affects the morphology of turfgrass plants by increasing production of giberellic acid and reducing available non-structural carbohydrates. The object of the study was to determine which source of nitrogen (N) is best suited to retaining turfgrass quality in shade and to see if the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl [4-(cyclopropyl-[alpha]-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethyl ester] (TE) (Syngenta AG, Switzerland) can improve density and combat the loss of surface quality of bentgrass under tree shade. Field studies were conducted on 'Penncross' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) in Columbus, in 2006, and 2007. Under three light environments: full sun (FS), reduced R:FR (DS), and reduced PPF (NS). Light reduction was>90% in both shade areas and the R:FR ratio was .38 in the DS area, 1.28 in NS, and 1.29 in FS. The three N treatments included (NH2)2CO, Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4 foliarly applied weekly at a rate of 0.43g m-2 with or without TE applied bi-weekly at 0.3975 L ha-1. Chlorophyll content, along with non-structural carbohydrates, flavonoids, turf canopy color, dry matter and canopy densities were measured. There were no differences in soluble carbohydrate levels between treatments. Chlorophyll levels varied between TE treated and non-treated areas. Applications of (NH2)2CO consistently resulted in higher content of N15 in turfgrass plants also but there was no effect in nitrogen uptake kinetics due to light environment differences. TE had a negative impact on quantities of flavonoids. There was variation between the N treatments in relation to dry matter and carbohydrate content. (NH2)2CO in combination with TE provided the best visual quality surface as the season progressed. TE was effective in reduced PPF conditions and R:FR conditions which would indicate it as a possible product for use in shade management of creeping bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera. It was equally efficient in both light environments suggesting that prior shade research using NS is relevant to shade management in private industry. There was not a strong indication as to a preferred source of N.(NH2)2CO had positive impacts on total chlorophyll content.
Download or read book Rooting and Lateral Recovery of Creeping Bentgrass Agrostis Palustris in Response to Plant Growth Regulators Preemergence Herbicides and Soil Temperature written by Hennen Dock Cummings and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Exogenous Fructose on Creeping Bentgrass Heat Tolerance written by William Brett Long and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) used on golf course putting greens are some of the most intensively managed areas of turf and are subjected to high stress. Heat stress results in lowered photosynthetic efficiency and inadequate sugar production. An exogenous application of fructose could compensate for the lack of sugar being produced. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of exogenous applications of fructose on heat stressed creeping bentgrass. Field results showed some phytotoxicity with high rates of fructose, while lower rates showed no visible damage compared to an untreated control. Low rates of surfactant resulted in little phytotoxicity, while high surfactant rates showed damage. Fructose had no positive effect on turf quality. A surfactant study was then designed to measure the effect of various surfactants on fructose uptake. This study revealed that as hydrophilic to lipophilic balance increased, absorption of fructose increased.
Download or read book Plant Stress Mitigators written by Mansour Ghorbanpour and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-12-06 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Stress Mitigators: Types, Techniques and Functions presents a detailed contextual discussion of various stressors on plant health and yield, with accompanying insights into options for limiting impacts using chemical elicitors, bio-stimulants, breeding techniques and agronomical techniques such as seed priming, cold plasma treatment, and nanotechnology, amongst others. The book explores the various action mechanisms for enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance capacity, including nutrient solubilizing and mobilizing, biocontrol activity against plant pathogens, phytohormone production, soil conditioners, and many more unrevealed mechanisms. This book combines research, methods, opinion, perspectives and reviews, dissecting the stress alleviation action of different plant stress mitigators on crops grown under optimal and sub-optimal growing conditions (abiotic and biotic stresses). - Explores the various action mechanisms of mitigators - Highlights the relationship between mitigator and nutrient efficiency, product quality and microbial population - Includes both biotic and abiotic stressors and their mitigation options
Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress Fourth Edition written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 1199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the third edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, continuous discoveries in the fields of plant and crop environmental stresses and their effects on plants and crops have resulted in the compilation of a large volume of the latest discoveries. Following its predecessors, this fourth edition offers a unique and comprehensive collection of topics in the fields of plant and crop stress. This new edition contains more than 80% new material, and the remaining 20% has been updated and revised substantially. This volume presents 10 comprehensive sections that include information on soil salinity and sodicity problems; tolerance mechanisms and stressful conditions; plant/crop responses; plant/crop responses under pollution and heavy metal; plant/crop responses under biotic stress; genetic factors and plant/crop genomics under stress conditions; plant/crop breeding under stress conditions; empirical investigations; improving tolerance; and beneficial aspects of stressors. Features: Provides exhaustive coverage written by an international panel of experts in the field of agriculture, particularly in plant/crop stress areas Contains 40 new chapters and 10 extensively revised and expanded chapters Includes three new sections on plant breeding, stress exerted to weeds by plants, and beneficial aspects of stress on plants/crops Numerous case studies With contributions from 100 scientists and experts from 20 countries, this Handbook provides a comprehensive resource for research and for university courses, covering soil salinity/sodicity issues and plant/crop physiological responses under environmental stress conditions ranging from cellular aspects to whole plants. The content can be used to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies to mitigate plant/crop stress problems. This new edition includes numerous tables, figures, and illustrations to facilitate comprehension of the material as well as thousands of index words to further increase accessibility to the desired information.
Download or read book Factors Affecting Creeping Bentgrass Quality of Three Different Putting Green Construction Methods written by John Andrew Hardy and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
