Download or read book Effect of Genes for Reduced Plant Height on Coleoptile Length and Agronomic Performance of Near isogenic Lines of Spring Wheat written by Irene Gatti de De Leon and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dwarfing Genes in Spring Wheat written by Amber Marie Robbins and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b (formerly Rht1 and Rht2) dwarfing genes have been used extensively since the Green Revolution to reduce height and increase yield in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). They have been used in the development of hundreds of modern cultivars. Semi-dwarf wheat varieties containing these GA-insensitive dwarfing genes generally yield more grain than their tall Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a (formerly rht1 and rht2) counterparts. However, Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are better adapted to high-input environments and can reduce plant performance under adverse conditions such as heat or drought stress. In such environments, Rht8, a GA-sensitive dwarfing gene, could prove beneficial. This study aimed to assess agronomic performance of Rht8 compared to Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b using near-isogenic lines of the six possible genotypes (Rht-B1b, Rht-B1a, Rht-D1b, Rht-D1a, Rht8, and rht8) in four different spring wheat backgrounds. Field trials were conducted during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons in Bozeman and Kalispell, MT. Traits measured included plant height, coleoptile length, stem solidness, days to heading, yield, flag leaf characteristics, harvest index, and others. Measurements were taken from field trials except coleoptile length, which was grown in a temperature and light controlled growth chamber. Rht genotype had a significant effect on plant height, coleoptile length, and yield. Height reductions of 20.5%, 22.4%, and 10.1% were observed for Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, and Rht8, respectively. Rht8 showed no significant effect on coleoptile length, while Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b exhibited reductions in coleoptile length of 21.3% and 22.8%. Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b both showed a 6.1% and 14.1%. increase in yield potential. In contrast, Rht8 showed a yield decrease of 5.3%. Of most interest to plant breeders are those traits that effect yield. Yield is a complex, multi-genic trait that is affected by many plant characteristics and environmental factors. Because of the quantitative nature of yield, it is impacted by not only the presence of dwarfing genes, but also genetic background and environmental variables. This study suggests that Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are superior, in terms of yield potential, to Rht8. However, additional evaluation of Rht8 in differing environments is needed to elucidate its precise effects on yield and other agronomic traits.
Download or read book Genes Controlling Coleoptile Length and Seedling Emergence in Wheat and Their Role in Plant Height written by Khalid Ali Mohammed Elbudony and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finding alternate dwarfing gene system by modulating auxin distribution, a 'true' wheat ortholog (TaABCB19) of the Arabidopsis ABCB19 has shown to be involved in regulating plant height via modulating auxin transport in the stem. True ortholog of AtPGP19 has been identified in various monocots and dicots species. The smallest genomic copy of PGP19 is present in barley and quite largely in Soybean, the variation in gene size ranged from7496 bp to 6628 bp. The gene structure showed similarities between monocots and dicots, with highly conservative exonic region 1 and 8. The TaABCB19 RNAi plant resulted in reduced height up to 48%, and more than doubled spikelet number. This studies furthers the scientific understanding of the genetic relationship of plant height with other growth related traits for selecting and combining desirable traits for wheat improvement.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book University of Wisconsin Agronomy Department the First 100 Years written by University of Wisconsin--Madison. Department of Agronomy and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Daylength Insensitivity in Spring Wheat Triticum Aestivum L written by Farouk Ahmed Elsayed and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1973- include the following subject areas: Biological sciences, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environmental sciences, Health sciences, Engineering, Mathematics and statistics, Earth sciences, Physics, Education, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, History, Law & political science, Business & economics, Geography & regional planning, Language & literature, Fine arts, Library & information science, Mass communications, Music, Philosophy and Religion.
Download or read book Combining Ability and Associations of Agronomic Traits Involving Three Sources of Dwarfism in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Jose Luis Maya de Leon and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three genetically different dwarf cultivars of spring wheat were evaluated as potential sources of short stature to use in a wheat improvement program. The study involved a five parent diallel cross which included a semidwarf, a standard height and three dwarf cultivars. The genetic sources of dwarfism included a Norma 10 derivative named Vicam 71, a derived line from Tom Thumb called Tordo, and Olesen dwarf. Experimental material consisted of parental lines, F1, F2, and both backcrosses to the parents space planted in a randomized block design. The agronomic characters measured on an individual plant basis were: (1) plant height, (2) days to heading, (3) number of tillers, (4) number of spikelets per spike, (5) head length, (6) days to maturity, (7) grain yield, (8) harvest index, (9) kernel weight, (10) number of kernels per spikelet, (11) rachis internode length, (12) grain filling period and, (13) head grain weight. Estimates of gene action were determined by heterosis, heterobeltiosis, broad and narrow sense heritabilities and combining ability analyses. Associations among traits were estimated by phenotypic, environmental, and genotypic correlations as well as path-coefficient analysis for grain yield and eight of the variables. There were significant differences among the parental lines, their crosses, and generations for all traits measured. Either partial dominance for tallness or no dominance was manifested for those crosses involving the dwarf cultivars Vicam 71 and Olesen. Tordo, when crossed to taller wheats showed dominance for short stature. All three genetic sources of dwarfism and their resulting progenies manifested desirable agronomic characteristics. Vicam 71 was a good parent in terms of grain yield and number of tillers per plant. Tordo was the best source for increasing the number of spikelets per spike, kernel weight and head grain weight. Olesen was a good progenitor for increasing number of kernels per spikelet. All three dwarf cultivars displayed some advantage(s) over the other two and all could be used to breed short statured wheats with a possibility of success. Plant height did not appear to have a direct effect on plant grain yield in any of the 10 crosses. With the exception of number of tillers per plant and grain yield, a major proportion of the phenotypic variability observed for all characters studied was due to genetic factors. A large portion of the total genetic variability associated with days to heading, maturity, height, rachis internode, spikelet number, kernels per spikelet, kernel weight, and harvest index was mainly a result of additive gene action. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects were involved in the expression of grain filling period and head weight. The nonadditive portion of the genetic variance associated with tiller number and grain yield per plant was relatively large when compared with the additive portion. Therefore, selection for increased expression of tillers and yield should be delayed until the F4 or later generations where a large degree of homozygosity has been obtained. The genetic correlations for individual crosses indicated that only a few of the traits studied were associated in the same manner in most or all the 10 hybridizations. High positive genetic correlations were found between plant grain yield vs tiller number and kernels per spikelet, tiller number vs days to maturity, kernels per spikelet vs head grain weight, plant height vs head weight, and head length vs rachis internode length. High negative genetic correlations were found between kernel weight vs days to maturity, plant height vs harvest index, and days to heading vs grain filling period. Most correlations among agronomic traits were different in value and/or sign from one cross to another suggesting different gene associations in the parental cultivars. Genetic correlations between components of yield showed this type of inconsistency. Therefore, grain yield could be increased by a combined increase of more than one component of yield without compensatory oscillation among them because tiller number, spikelet number, kernels per spikelet and kernel weight were often not correlated between one another and sometimes were positively correlated. Path-coefficients analysis indicated that number of tiller per plant had a high direct effect on grain yield in all crosses. With the exception of two crosses, indirect effects of this trait were negligible. In the latter two crosses tiller number had a high negative indirect effect on plant grain yield via head grain weight. Kernels per spikelet and kernel weight had no direct effects on grain yield but their indirect effects via head weight were positive and significant. Large amounts of additive gene action were observed in the expression of plant height. This trait was also highly negatively correlated with harvest index; therefore, phenotypic selection for restricted plant height would be useful in obtaining lines with high grain to straw ratios. In general, crosses that showed high specific combining ability effects involved parents with low general combining ability. However, there were some exceptions to this rule. Crosses of high x high and high x low general combiners presented high specific combining ability effects, suggesting that some additive gene action may be involved in the superior performance of these combinations. Also the F 2 generation did not differ from the F1 in assessing general cornbining ability. A wheat breeder should be aware of those genetic associations between agronomic traits that could be used to select superior cultivars. However, the genetic correlations in this study suggested that each cross represented a different set of gene associations depending upon the parents involved. If some progress is to be made in using the genetic variability available in the crop, the breeder should not try to select exactly the same type of plant from every cross. Every hybridization is potentially a source of better lines if they are well planned and the reasons they were made are remembered during selection. It is very important to realize what are the contributions of each parental line in a cross and what are the most important trait associations present in each parent. Superior rural genetic variability existing in the crop.
Download or read book Australian Journal of Agricultural Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Fertility Restorer Genes on the Agronomic Performance of Hard Red Spring Wheat written by Homayon Ghiasi and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manual on MUTATION BREEDING THIRD EDITION written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides guidelines for new high-throughput screening methods – both phenotypic and genotypic – to enable the detection of rare mutant traits, and reviews techniques for increasing the efficiency of crop mutation breeding.
Download or read book Advances in Wheat Genetics From Genome to Field written by Yasunari Ogihara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.
Download or read book Crop Photosynthesis written by N.R. Baker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since photosynthetic performance is a fundamental determinant of yield in the vast majority of crops, an understanding of the factors limiting photosynthetic productivity has a crucial role to play in crop improvement programmes. Photosynthesis, unlike the majority of physiological processes in plants, has been the subject of extensive studies at the molecular level for many years. This reductionist approach has resulted in the development of an impressive and detailed understanding of the mechanisms of light capture, energy transduction and carbohydrate biosynthesis, processes that are clearly central to the success of the plant and the productivity of crops. This volume examines in the widest context the factors determining the photosynthetic performance of crops. The emphasis throughout the book is on the setting for photosynthesis rather than the fundamental process itself. The book will prove useful to a wide range of plant scientists, and will encourage a more rapid integration of disciplines in the quest to understand and improve the productivity of crops by the procedures of classical breeding and genetic manipulation.
Download or read book Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice written by International Rice Research Institute and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1982 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feeding the Ten Billion written by L. T. Evans and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-11-05 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and accessible account of the interaction between population growth and agricultural innovation.
