Download or read book Effect of Chloride based Deicers on Reinforced Concrete Structures written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transport and Interactions of Chlorides in Cement based Materials written by Caijun Shi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chloride-induced corrosion is the most important durability issue of reinforced concrete structures, and the prediction and prevention of chloride-induced corrosion has attracted considerable interest all over the world. Given that chloride penetrates through the concrete cover, the issues concerning its transport are crucial. These include testing methods, prediction, and the prevention of ingress. During the transport process, physical and chemical interaction occurs between chloride and cement hydrates, which in turn affects the further transport, so the transport of chloride and these interactions are closely related and underpin our understanding of chloride-induced corrosion in RC structures. This book provides in-depth discussion of chloride transport and its interaction in cement-based materials, and reviews and summarizes the state of the art. The mechanisms and testing methods for chloride transport, chemical interactions of chloride with cement hydrates, chloride binding isotherms, measurement of penetration depths, factors affecting chloride transport, and modeling of chloride transport are discussed in detail. This book serves as a reference for researchers or engineer, and a textbook for graduate students.
Download or read book Effect of Calcium Chloride on Plain and Reinforced Concrete written by Roscoe J. Black and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Deicers on Concrete Deterioration written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete specimens were exposed to weekly cycles of wetting and drying in distilled water and in solutions of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium magnesium acetate with either a 6.04 molal ion concentration, equivalent in ion concentration to a 15% solution of NaCl, or a 1.06 molal ion concentration, equivalent in ion concentration to a 3% solution of NaCl, for periods of up to 95 weeks. Specimens were also exposed to air only. The effects of exposure were evaluated based on changes in the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the physical appearance of the specimens at the conclusion of the tests. Concretes exposed to distilled water and air show, respectively, an increase and a decrease in dynamic modulus of elasticity, due principally to changes in moisture content; overall, no negative impact on the concrete properties of these specimens is observed. At lower concentrations, sodium chloride and calcium chloride have a relatively small negative impact on the properties of concrete. At high concentrations, sodium chloride has a greater but still relatively small negative effect. At low concentrations, magnesium chloride and calcium magnesium acetate can cause measurable damage to concrete. At high concentrations, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium magnesium acetate cause significant changes in concrete that result in loss of material and a reduction in stiffness and strength.
Download or read book The Deleterious Chemical Effects of Concentrated Deicing Solutions on Portland Cement Concrete written by Lawrence Sutter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research project investigated the effects of concentrated brines of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium magnesium acetate on portland cement concrete.
Download or read book Effect of Chloride and Temperature on Rusting of Steel Reinforced Concrete 2nd Ed written by Raja Rizwan Hussain and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete structures is a major durability problem around the world. Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures exposed to chloride and high temperature environments like sea, deicing salts, deserts and industrial zones suffer from accelerated corrosion of rebars. There is no doubt that the presence of chloride ions promote the disruption of the passive layer causing corrosion of reinforcement and the chloride attack becomes much more severe when coupled with high temperature. Therefore, to be able to forecast the service life of RC structures it is necessary to quantify the amount of corrosion. The chloride attack and increase in the electrochemical reaction rate of corrosion due to high temperature is an electrochemical thermodynamic phenomenon influenced by several factors and some of them are being overlooked in the past research works and have difference in opinion. Also it was found that the experimental data for the coupled effect of chloride and temperature on corrosion of reinforcement especially in the high temperature range and high chloride concentration is limited.The objective of this book is therefore, to investigate the effects of coupling chloride and temperature on corrosion of reinforcement throughout the life of concrete structures by incorporating realistic electrochemical-thermodynamic models and actual field condition experimentation. The modeling task has been accomplished by the use of a concrete durability model developed by our research group (Concrete Laboratory, University of Tokyo) as a computational platform on which the corrosion based reinforced concrete performance and quality throughout the life of concrete structure is examined in both space and time domains under environmental actions of chloride and high temperature. In this thermodynamic approach, reinforced concrete is treated as a composite material consisting of growing micro-scale pores in geometry, which governs basic mechanical and physical features of concrete with respect to long-term durability. On this line, the electrochemical-thermodynamic modeling of concrete forms the fundamental core of the theoretical approach to achieve both the scientific knowledge and engineering simulations of altering materials. The experimental results for the effect of chloride and temperature on corrosion have been compared with the thermodynamic corrosion model and are found to be in close agreement. In the light of experimental results, the behavior of RC corrosion is found to increase non-linearly with the increase in chloride content and temperature. The half-cell potential values are found to randomly increase and decrease in a non-uniform manner due to the destruction and reformation of passive layer by localized attack of chloride on the passive layer and increased rate of reaction at high temperature as a function of time. The rate of corrosion from 20°C to 40°C temperature is found to be more than from 40°C to 60°C temperature range because of the decrease of solubility of oxygen in the pore water at high temperature range. Finally, the specimens were broken and gravimetric corrosion weight loss was determined experimentally and modeled analytically.
Download or read book Sustainable Winter Road Operations written by Xianming Shi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first and only comprehensive guide to best practices in winter road operations Winter maintenance operations are essential to ensure the safety, mobility, and productivity of transportation systems, especially in cold-weather climates, and responsible agencies are continually challenged to provide a high level of service in a fiscally and environmentally responsible manner. Sustainable Winter Road Operations bridges the knowledge gaps, providing the first up-to-date, authoritative, single-source overview and guide to best practices in winter road operations that considers the triple bottom line of sustainability. With contributions from experts in the field from around the world, this book takes a holistic approach to the subject. The authors address the many negative impacts on regional economies and the environment of poorly planned and inadequate winter road operations, and they make a strong case for the myriad benefits of environmentally sustainable concepts and practices. Best practice applications of materials, processes, equipment, and associated technologies and how they can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of winter operations, optimize materials usage, and minimize cost, corrosion, and environmental impacts are all covered in depth. Provides the first up-to-date, authoritative and comprehensive overview of best practices in sustainable winter road operations currently in use around the world Covers materials, processes, equipment, and associated technologies for sustainable winter road operations Brings together contributions by an international all-star team of experts with extensive experience in designing, implementing, and managing sustainable winter road operations Designed to bring professionals involved in transportation and highway maintenance and control up to speed with current best practice Sustainable Winter Road Operations is essential reading for maintenance professionals dealing with snow and ice control operations on highways, motorways and local roads. It is a valuable source of information and guidance for decision makers, researchers, and engineers in transportation engineering involved in transportation and highway maintenance. And it is an ideal textbook for advanced-level courses in transportation engineering.
Download or read book Chloride Corrosion of steel in concrete written by D. E. Tonini and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1977 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chloride Induced Steel Corrosion in Concrete Under Service Loads written by Hailong Ye and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-03-28 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the latest advances in understanding chloride ingress and steel corrosion in concrete under service loads. Unlike the existing literature, it focuses specifically on the effect of service loads on chloride-induced durability issues in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses how service loads affect the moisture and chloride penetration rate, corrosion kinetics and rust distribution, as well as the structural performance of concrete components (e.g. beams and columns) in a systematic and hierarchical way. Given its scope, the book is chiefly intended for researchers and industry practitioners in structural engineering, particularly those whose work involves the durability design of concrete structures.
Download or read book Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Ingress written by Luping Tang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chloride ingress in reinforced concrete induces corrosion and consequent spilling and structural weakness, and it occurs world-wide and imposes an enormous cost. Yet it can be resisted by using test methods and relevant models for service life prediction.Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Ingress sets out current understanding of chloride transport
Download or read book Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Structures written by H Böhni and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete has the potential to be very durable and capable of withstanding a variety of adverse environmental conditions. However, failures in the structures do still occur as a result of premature reinforcement corrosion. In this authoritative book the fundamental aspects of this complex process are analysed; focusing on corrosion of the reinforcing steel, and looking particularly, at new scientific and technological developments. Monitoring techniques, including the newly developed online-monitoring, are examined, as well as the numerical methods used to simulate corrosion and perform parameter studies. The influence of composition and microstructure of concrete on corrosion behaviour is explored. The second half of the book, which deals with corrosion prevention methods, starts with a discussion on stainless steels as reinforcement materials. There are comprehensive reviews of the use of surface treatments and coatings, of the application of corrosion inhibitors and of the application of electrochemical techniques. In each case the necessary scientific fundamentals are explained and practical instances of use are looked at. This is an invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete. Fundamental aspects of corrosion in concrete are analysed in detail Explores how to minimise the effects of corrosion in concrete Invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete
Download or read book Influence of Chloride in Reinforced Concrete written by HK. Cook and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present state of knowledge regarding the action of chloride, principally calcium chloride, in reinforced concrete is reviewed, with special emphasis on its effect on the reinforcing steel. The reactions through which calcium chloride accelerates the set and strength of portland cement are explained, as well as the significance these reactions with cement have with regard to the potential corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. Calcium chloride's beneficial effects in ordinary reinforced concrete are enumerated, along with the precautions regarding its use in prestressed concrete and special situations. The deterioration of bridge decks and the significance of the "chloride content corrosion threshold" that has been suggested for bridge decks are discussed. It is pointed out that the limit for chloride that has been suggested as a guide to determine the extent of repair to existing bridge decks that have been subject to repeated application of deicer salts is not a requirement that should be applied to limit the chloride content of ordinary reinforced concrete. When the amount of commercial calcium chloride is limited to two percent by weight of cement, the degree of corrosion in ordinary reinforced concrete is insignificant if the concrete is reasonably dense and there is adequate cover over the steel.
Download or read book Impact of Airport Pavement Deicing Products on Aircraft and Airfield Infrastructure written by Xianming Shi and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2008 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 6: Impact of Airport Pavement Deicing Products on Aircraft and Airfield Infrastructure explores how airports chemically treat their airport pavements to mitigate snow and ice, and the chemicals used. The report also examines the effects of pavement deicing products on aircraft and airfield infrastructure, and highlights knowledge gaps in the subject"--Publisher's description.
Download or read book International Review of Chloride Ingress Into Structural Concrete written by P. B. Bamforth and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1997-04-10 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deterioration of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures resulting from the corrosion of the steel reinforcement is a worldwide problem. As long as salt is used for de-icing or structures are built near the coast, chloride will continue to be a primary factor in compromising the durability of a structure. This report deals specifically with the ingress of salt from the environment, which can lead to severe corrosion of reinforcement. It reviews the international state-of-the-art with regard to chloride ingress into concrete and, in particular, considers: - The influence of concreting materials, mix design, curing and environment - methods for the detection of chloride ingress in structures - techniques used for studying chloride ingress
Download or read book The Deleterious Chemical Effects of Concentrated Deicing Solutions on Portland Cement Concrete written by Michigan Tech Transportation Institute and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research project investigated the effects of concentrated brines of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium magnesium acetate on Portland cement concrete. Although known to be effective at deicing and anti-icing, the deleterious effects these chemicals may have on concrete have not been well documented. As a result of this research, it was determined that there is significant evidence that magnesium chloride and calcium chloride chemically interact with hardened Portland cement paste in concrete resulting in expansive cracking, increased permeability, and a significant loss in compressive strength. Although the same effects were not seen with sodium chloride brines, it was shown that sodium chloride brines have the highest rate of ingress into hardened concrete. This latter fact is significant with respect to corrosion of embedded steel. The mechanism for attack of hardened cement paste varies with deicer chemical but in general, a chemical reaction between chlorides and cement hydration products results in the dissolution of the hardened cement paste and formation of oxychloride phases, which are expansive. The chemical attack of the hardened cement paste is significantly reduced if supplementary cementitious materials are included in the concrete mixture. Both coal fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag were found to be effective at mitigating the chemical attack caused by the deicers tested. In the tests performed, ground granulated blast furnace slag performed better as a mitigation strategy as compared to coal fly ash. Additionally, siloxane and silane sealants were effective at slowing the ingress of deicing chemicals into the concrete and thereby reducing the observed distress. In general, the siloxane sealant appeared to be more effective than the silane, but both were effective and should be considered as a maintenance strategy.
Download or read book Effect of Chloride ion Migration on the Corrosion of Steel in Reinforced Concrete written by Min-Hsiung Hon and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diffusion of Chloride in Concrete written by E. Poulsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the most comprehensive and flexible theory of chloride ingress in concrete to date. Based on test results and field observations, the book demonstrates the easy application of this theory to practice. The information is presented in a clear style with each chapter containing an introduction, technical applications and examples, and a f
