Download or read book Economics of Federal Flood Insurance and Loan Programs written by M. J. Rettger and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flood Insurance written by Stanley J. Czerwinski and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Economic Analysis of Alternative Federal Flood Damage Assistance Programs written by Michael Joseph Rettger and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Flood Insurance Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Policy Research and Insurance and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Socioeconomic Effects of the National Flood Insurance Program written by James P. Howard, II and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief presents a benefit-cost analysis of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as well as an evaluation of its cumulative socioeconomic effects. Created by Congress in 1968, the NFIP provides flood insurance protection to property owners, in return for local government commitment to sound floodplain management. Since 1994, the NFIP has included a Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program to provide local communities with support for flood mitigation. This book offers quantitative evidence of the net social benefit of the NFIP for the years 1996-2010, including an independent assessment of the consumer benefit. Second, it provides distributionally weighted analysis to show the socioeconomic effects of payments and claims. Finally, this Brief includes an analysis of the change in government revenue attributable to the NFIP and FMA programs. The models used in each component of the analysis are usable by others for extending and revising the analysis. Providing a comprehensive analysis of this increasingly important federal policy, this Brief will be of use to students of environmental economics and public policy as well as those interested in risk management in the era of climate change.
Download or read book National Flood Insurance Repetitive Losses written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Economic Policy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is housed within the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and offers insurance policies that are marketed and sold through private insurers, but with the risks borne by the U.S. federal government. NFIP's primary goals are to ensure affordable insurance premiums, secure widespread community participation in the program, and earn premium and fee income that covers claims paid and program expenses over time. In July 2012, the U.S. Congress passed the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform and Modernization Act (Biggert-Waters 2012), designed to move toward an insurance program with NFIP risk-based premiums that better reflected expected losses from floods at insured properties. This eliminated policies priced at what the NFIP called "pre-FIRM subsidized" and "grandfathered." As Biggert-Waters 2012 went into effect, constituents from multiple communities expressed concerns about the elimination of lower rate classes, arguing that it created a financial burden on policy holders. In response to these concerns Congress passed The Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014 (HFIAA 2014). The 2014 legislation changed the process by which pre-FIRM subsidized premiums for primary residences would be removed and reinstated grandfathering. As part of that legislation, FEMA must report back to Congress with a draft affordability framework. Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums: Report 1 is the first part of a two-part study to provide input as FEMA prepares their draft affordability framework. This report discusses the underlying definitions and methods for an affordability framework and the affordability concept and applications. Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums gives an overview of the demand for insurance and the history of the NFIP premium setting. The report then describes alternatives for determining when the premium increases resulting from Biggert-Waters 2012 would make flood insurance unaffordable.
Download or read book A Community Based Flood Insurance Option written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: River and coastal floods are among the nation's most costly natural disasters. One component in the nation's approach to managing flood risk is availability of flood insurance policies, which are offered on an individual basis primarily through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Established in 1968, the NFIP is overseen by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and there are about 5.4 million individual policies in the NFIP. The program has experienced a mixture of successes and persistent challenges. Successes include a large number of policy holders, the insurance of approximately $1.3 trillion of property, and the fact that the large majority of policy holders - 80% - pay rates that are risk based. NFIP challenges include large program debt, relatively low rates of purchase in many flood-prone areas, a host of issues regarding affordability of premiums, ensuring that premiums collected cover payouts and administrative fees, and a large number of properties that experience severe repetitive flood losses. At the request of FEMA, A Community-Based Flood Insurance Option identifies a range of key issues and questions that would merit consideration and further analysis as part of a community-based flood insurance program. As the report describes, the community-based option certainly offers potential benefits, such as the prospect of providing coverage for all (or nearly all) at-risk residents and properties in flood-prone communities. At the same time, many current challenges facing the NFIP may not necessarily be resolved by a community-based approach. This report discusses these and other prominent issues to be considered and further assessed.
Download or read book The Economics of Natural Disasters written by Douglas C. Dacy and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mortgage Lenders and the National Flood Insurance Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Loan Guarantee Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Lender placed Flood Insurance Market for Residential Properties written by Lloyd S. Dixon and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2007 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) provides the majority of flood insurance on U.S. residential properties. While insurance agents sell nearly all NFIP policies through private insurance companies, the U.S. government still underwrites them. Flood insurance is also available from private insurers that underwrite it themselves. This report provides information about the size of the private market and compares private with NFIP policies.
Download or read book Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-02-21 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Congress authorized the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1968, it intended for the program to encourage community initiatives in flood risk management, charge insurance premiums consistent with actuarial pricing principles, and encourage the purchase of flood insurance by owners of flood prone properties, in part, by offering affordable premiums. The NFIP has been reauthorized many times since 1968, most recently with the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (BW 2012). In this most recent reauthorization, Congress placed a particular emphasis on setting flood insurance premiums following actuarial pricing principles, which was motivated by a desire to ensure future revenues were adequate to pay claims and administrative expenses. BW 2012 was designed to move the NFIP towards risk-based premiums for all flood insurance policies. The result was to be increased premiums for some policyholders that had been paying less than NFIP risk-based premiums and to possibly increase premiums for all policyholders. Recognition of this possibility and concern for the affordability of flood insurance is reflected in sections of the Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014 (HFIAA 2014). These sections called on FEMA to propose a draft affordability framework for the NFIP after completing an analysis of the efforts of possible programs for offering "means-tested assistance" to policyholders for whom higher rates may not be affordable. BW 2012 and HFIAA 2014 mandated that FEMA conduct a study, in cooperation with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, which would compare the costs of a program of risk-based rates and means-tested assistance to the current system of subsidized flood insurance rates and federally funded disaster relief for people without coverage. Production of two reports was agreed upon to fulfill this mandate. This second report proposes alternative approaches for a national evaluation of affordability program policy options and includes lessons for the design of a national study from a proof-of-concept pilot study.
Download or read book National Flood Insurance Program Answers to Questions About the NFIP written by and published by FEMA. This book was released on 1980 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insurance and Behavioral Economics written by Howard C. Kunreuther and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the behavior of individuals at risk and insurance industry policy makers involved in selling, buying and regulation.
Download or read book CBO s Review of a Study of the Economic Effects of Charging Actuarially Based Premium Rates for Federal Flood Insurance written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To satisfy requirements of section 578 of the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) contracted with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) to study the economic effects of eliminating the government subsidies in the National Flood Insurance Program. Under current law, flood insurance premiums are generally subsidized for "pre-FIRM structures"--Those built before the completion of a participating community's Flood Insurance Rate Map (or before 1975, whichever is later). At the request of the Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity of the House Committee on Banking and Financial Services, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has reviewed the resulting report, titled Study of the Economic Effects of Charging Actuarially Based Premium Rates for Pre-FIRM Structures. CBO's analysis included three components: Reviewing the report itself; Reviewing FEMA's own internally sponsored review commissioned from Professor Richard N. Boisvert of Cornell University of the report's "draft final" version; and sending three rounds of questions to FEMA and its contractor about assumptions and methods not adequately described or explained in the report.
Download or read book A Case Study of Some Economic Aspects of the National Flood Insurance Program written by Leo R. Cheatham and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
