Download or read book Economic Value of the Leverage Effect written by Verda Öztürk and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Leveraging A Political written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corporate Capital Structures in the United States written by Benjamin M. Friedman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported in this volume represents the second stage of a wide-ranging National Bureau of Economic Research effort to investigate "The Changing Role of Debt and Equity in Financing U.S. Capital Formation." The first group of studies sponsored under this project, which have been published individually and summarized in a 1982 volume bearing the same title (Friedman 1982), addressed several key issues relevant to corporate sector behavior along with such other aspects of the evolving financial underpinnings of U.S. capital formation as household saving incentives, international capital flows, and government debt management. In the project's second series of studies, presented at the National Bureau of Economic Research conference in January 1983 and published here for the first time along with commentaries from that conference, the central focus is the financial side of capital formation undertaken by the U.S. corporate business sector. At the same time, because corporations' securities must be held, a parallel focus is on the behavior of the markets that price these claims.
Download or read book A Tea Reader written by Katrina Avila Munichiello and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Tea Reader contains a selection of stories that cover the spectrum of life. This anthology shares the ways that tea has changed lives through personal, intimate stories. Read of deep family moments, conquered heartbreak, and peace found in the face of loss. A Tea Reader includes stories from all types of tea people: people brought up in the tea tradition, those newly discovering it, classic writings from long-ago tea lovers and those making tea a career. Together these tales create a new image of a tea drinker. They show that tea is not simply something you drink, but it also provides quiet moments for making important decisions, a catalyst for conversation, and the energy we sometimes need to operate in our lives. The stories found in A Tea Reader cover the spectrum of life, such as the development of new friendships, beginning new careers, taking dream journeys, and essentially sharing the deep moments of life with friends and families. Whether you are a tea lover or not, here you will discover stories that speak to you and inspire you. Sit down, grab a cup, and read on.
Download or read book The Leverage Effect on Financial Performance A Review of Empirical Evidence written by John Joseph and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-06-22 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, , language: English, abstract: The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a high quality and principle based reporting standards that remove many accounting alternatives. It is therefore, consequently expected to limit the management’s discretion and lessen practices on earnings management. Quite the opposite, some researchers argue that the flexibility in IFRS and its fair value pre-eminence might afford greater opportunities for firms to manage earnings. It is this inaptness which incited and aggravated the conduct of this study. This study applies a desktop review to investigate the worldwide existing empirical research evidence on the effect of IFRS on earnings management post- IFRS adoption and in relation to other reporting standards and reports whether the results are indistinguishable between developed and developing economies. Accounting research in developed economies has long identified earnings management as a means by which managers manipulate financial reports to mislead other stakeholders on the underlying economic performance of the firm. However, earnings management research did not receive much attention in developing countries such as Nigeria until recently. The findings reveal that the existing empirical crams and conclusions there on are mixed, inconsistent and difficult to generalise. This indicates the pressing need for country, especially Nigeria to engage on studies of this nature. The study further, stumbles on the fact that IFRS can indistinctly benefit both developing and developed markets when coupled with appropriate effective enforcement machinery. Substantially, the results entail that IFRS is a critical determinant for quality reporting but not a ‘prima facie’ guarantor for quality reporting.
Download or read book Financial Leverage Does Not Cause the Leverage Effect written by Abdullah C. Aydemir and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We quantify the effect of financial leverage on stock return volatility in a dynamic general equilibrium economy with debt and equity claims. We study the effects of financial leverage on the market portfolio, and on a small firm with idiosyncratic and market risk. In an economy with both a constant interest rate and constant price of risk, financial leverage generates little variation in stock return volatility at the market level but significant variation at the individual firm level. In an economy with more realistic variation in interest rates and the price of risk, there is significant variation in stock return volatility at the market and firm level. In such an economy, financial leverage has little effect on the dynamics of stock return volatility at the market level. Financial leverage contributes more to the dynamics of stock return volatility for a small firm.
Download or read book Leverage Effect Volatility Feedback and Self Exciting Market Disruptions written by Peter Carr and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Samp;P 500 index return interacts negatively with its volatility. This paper traces the negative interaction to three distinct economic channels and proposes to disentangle the relative contribution of each channel using Samp;P 500 index options. First, equity volatility increases proportionally with the level of financial leverage, the variation of which is dictated by managerial decisions on a company's capital structure based on economic conditions. Second, irrespective of financial leverage, a positive shock to business risk increases the cost of capital and reduces the valuation of future cash flows, generating an instantaneous negative correlation between asset returns and asset volatility. Finally, large, negative market disruptions often generate self-exciting behaviors. The occurrence of one negative disruption induces more disruptions to follow, thus raising market volatility. Model estimation highlights the information in the large cross-section of equity index options in identifying the economic channels underlying the variations of the equity index and its volatility.
Download or read book The Handbook of Hybrid Securities written by Jan De Spiegeleer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing a revolutionary new quantitative approach to hybrid securities valuation and risk management To an equity trader they are shares. For the trader at the fixed income desk, they are bonds (after all, they pay coupons, so what's the problem?). They are hybrid securities. Neither equity nor debt, they possess characteristics of both, and carry unique risks that cannot be ignored, but are often woefully misunderstood. The first and only book of its kind, The Handbook of Hybrid Securities dispels the many myths and misconceptions about hybrid securities and arms you with a quantitative, practical approach to dealing with them from a valuation and risk management point of view. Describes a unique, quantitative approach to hybrid valuation and risk management that uses new structural and multi-factor models Provides strategies for the full range of hybrid asset classes, including convertible bonds, preferreds, trust preferreds, contingent convertibles, bonds labeled "additional Tier 1," and more Offers an expert review of current regulatory climate regarding hybrids, globally, and explores likely political developments and their potential impact on the hybrid market The most up-to-date, in-depth book on the subject, this is a valuable working resource for traders, analysts and risk managers, and a indispensable reference for regulators
Download or read book Leverage What Leverage A Deep Dive into the U S Flow of Funds in Search of Clues to the Global Crisis written by Mr.Ashok Vir Bhatia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper questions the view that leverage should have forewarned us of the global financial crisis of 2007-09, pointing to several gearing indicators that were neither useful portents of the onset of the crisis nor of its ferocity. Instead it shows, first, that the use of ill-suited collateral in the secured funding operations of U.S.-based investment banks was the fatal link between the collapse of structured finance and the global malfunction of funding markets that turbocharged the downdraft; and, second, that this insight (and others) can be decrypted from the Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States.
Download or read book Theory Of The Firm s Cost Of Capital A How Debt Affects The Firm s Risk Value Tax Rate And The Government s Tax Claim written by Ramesh K S Rao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007-03-12 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cost of capital concept has myriad applications in business decision-making. The standard methodology for deriving cost of capital estimates is based on the seminal Modigliani-Miller analyses. This book generalizes this framework to include non-debt tax shields (e.g., depreciation), interactions between the borrowing rate and tax shields, and default considerations. It develops several new results and shows how better cost of capital and marginal tax rate estimates can be generated. The book's unified cost of capital theory is discussed with comprehensive numerical examples and graphical illustrations.This book will be of interest to corporate managers, academics, investment bankers, governmental agencies, and private companies that generate cost of capital estimates for public consumption.
Download or read book Capital Structure and Corporate Financing Decisions written by H. Kent Baker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to making better capital structure and corporate financing decisions in today's dynamic business environment Given the dramatic changes that have recently occurred in the economy, the topic of capital structure and corporate financing decisions is critically important. The fact is that firms need to constantly revisit their portfolio of debt, equity, and hybrid securities to finance assets, operations, and future growth. Capital Structure and Corporate Financing Decisions provides an in-depth examination of critical capital structure topics, including discussions of basic capital structure components, key theories and practices, and practical application in an increasingly complex corporate world. Throughout, the book emphasizes how a sound capital structure simultaneously minimizes the firm's cost of capital and maximizes the value to shareholders. Offers a strategic focus that allows you to understand how financing decisions relates to a firm's overall corporate policy Consists of contributed chapters from both academics and experienced professionals, offering a variety of perspectives and a rich interplay of ideas Contains information from survey research describing actual financial practices of firms This valuable resource takes a practical approach to capital structure by discussing why various theories make sense and how firms use them to solve problems and create wealth. In the wake of the recent financial crisis, the insights found here are essential to excelling in today's volatile business environment.
Download or read book Does capital structure influence firms value written by Ulrike Messbacher and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1, University of Applied Sciences Kempten (University of Ulster), language: English, abstract: In accordance with the Signalling model by Ross (1977) an increase in gearing represents, in term of a company’s prospective cash flows, a positive signal to external investors. Because, due to the higher risk of financial distress, companies with less optimistic market prospective tend to avoid additional financial obligations. This implies that an increasing indebtedness means a higher quality of business and therefore better valuation. This leads, in turn, to the assumption that the corporate management can influence a firm’s value by changing its capital structure. If capital structure can affect value, how can firms identify an optimal capital structure and what will it look like? It is that mix of debt and equity that maximises the value of a firm and, at the same time, minimise overall cost of capital. In their seminal article, published in 1958 and 1963, Modigliani and Miller argue that under certain assumptions the value of a firm i s independent of its capital structure, but with tax-deductible interest payments, they are positively related. Moreover, there are other approaches with partly contradictory perceptions. For instance, Myers (1998, cited in Fairchild 2003, p.6) argues that there is no universal optimal mix of debt and equity; in fact it depends on firms or industries, and therefore should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Other researchers have added market imperfections, such as bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and gains from leverage- induced tax shields to the analysis and have maintained that an optimal capital structure may exist (Hatfieldet al.1994, p.1). First, this paper shows the basic determinants of a firm’s value in association with the impact of financial leverage on payoffs to stockholders. Secondly, it considers some arguments of capital structure theories, particularly the Modigliani and Miller theorem and the Traditional approach and contrasts them. Finally, the underlying factors of the model assumptions are examined and shown that they are important in the choice of a firm’s debt-equity ratio.
Download or read book Leverage written by Karl Denninger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-03 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the wealthy and powerful abuse finance to skim immense profits Debasement of the dollar as a result of ill-use of leverage is destroying the global economy, and in Leverage, well known market commentator Karl Denninger follows the path of money throughout history to prove that currencies are debased when moneyed and powerful interests pull the levers of government and policy to enrich themselves at the expense of the masses. The result is ugly: the value of everything—including gold—falls, and even personal safety is at risk in a world where there is limited money even for essentials like food and fuel. History is littered with the collapse of monetary and economic systems from Rome to Germany to Zimbabwe. Presents an inside look at how moneyed and powerful interests debase the dollar through the willful and intentional failure to honestly represent short and long-term mathematical truths that underlie all economic systems Shows how, if imbalances are not corrected, financial crises will reoccur again and again Authored by Karl Denninger, who has been running the popular website The Market Ticker since 2007
Download or read book Inequality Leverage and Crises written by Mr.Michael Kumhof and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper studies how high leverage and crises can arise as a result of changes in the income distribution. Empirically, the periods 1920-1929 and 1983-2008 both exhibited a large increase in the income share of the rich, a large increase in leverage for the remainder, and an eventual financial and real crisis. The paper presents a theoretical model where these features arise endogenously as a result of a shift in bargaining powers over incomes. A financial crisis can reduce leverage if it is very large and not accompanied by a real contraction. But restoration of the lower income group's bargaining power is more effective.
Download or read book The Debt equity Choice written by Ronald W. Masulis and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foundations of Economic Value Added written by James L. Grant and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-05-05 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated look at the role of economic profit analysis in the process of wealth creation Grant explains the pivotal role of economic value added (EVA) in the theory of finance, how to measure EVA with standard accounting adjustments, how to use EVA to value companies and their stock, and how to use economic profit principles to identify wealth-creating firms, industries, and even market economies.
Download or read book Leveraged Finance written by Stephen J. Antczak and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely guide to today’s high-yield corporate debt markets Leveraged Finance is a comprehensive guide to the instruments and markets that finance much of corporate America. Presented in five sections, this experienced author team covers topics ranging from the basics of bonds and loans to more advanced topics such as valuing CDs, default correlations among CLOs, and hedging strategies across corporate capital structures. Additional topics covered include basic corporate credit, relative value analysis, and various trading strategies used by investors, such as hedging credit risk with the equity derivatives of a different company. Stephen Antczak, Douglas Lucas, and Frank Fabozzi present readers with real-market examples of how investors can identify investment opportunities and how to express their views on the market or specific companies through trading strategies, and examine various underlying assets including loans, corporate bonds, and much more. They also offer readers an overview of synthetic and structured products such as CDS, LCDS, CDX, LCDX, and CLOs. Leveraged Finance has the information you need to succeed in this evolving financial arena.
