Download or read book Economic Models of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average Risk Adults written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Cancer Policy Board and the Board on Science, Engineering, and Economic Policy convened a workshop in January 2004 on "Economic Models of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening in Average-Risk Adults". The purpose of the workshop was to explore the reasons for differences among leading cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) models of CRC screening, which public health policy makers increasingly rely on to help them sift through the many choices confronting them. Participants discussed the results of a collaborative pre-workshop exercise undertaken by five research teams that have developed and maintained comprehensive models of CRC screening in average-risk adults, to gain insight into each model's structure and assumptions and possible explanations for differences in their published analyses. Workshop participants also examined the current state of knowledge on key inputs to the models with a view toward identifying areas where further research may be warranted. This document summarized the presentations and discussion at the workshop.
Download or read book Economic Models of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average Risk Adults written by National Cancer Policy Board and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-03-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Cancer Policy Board and the Board on Science, Engineering, and Economic Policy convened a workshop in January 2004 on “Economic Models of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening in Average-Risk Adultsâ€. The purpose of the workshop was to explore the reasons for differences among leading cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) models of CRC screening, which public health policy makers increasingly rely on to help them sift through the many choices confronting them. Participants discussed the results of a collaborative pre-workshop exercise undertaken by five research teams that have developed and maintained comprehensive models of CRC screening in average-risk adults, to gain insight into each model’s structure and assumptions and possible explanations for differences in their published analyses. Workshop participants also examined the current state of knowledge on key inputs to the models with a view toward identifying areas where further research may be warranted. This document summarized the presentations and discussion at the workshop.
Download or read book Economic Models of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average Risk Adults written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colorectal Cancer Screening written by Joseph Anderson, MD and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-23 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal Cancer Screening provides a complete overview of colorectal cancer screening, from epidemiology and molecular abnormalities, to the latest screening techniques such as stool DNA and FIT, Computerized Tomography (CT) Colonography, High Definition Colonoscopes and Narrow Band Imaging. As the text is devoted entirely to CRC screening, it features many facts, principles, guidelines and figures related to screening in an easy access format. This volume provides a complete guide to colorectal cancer screening which will be informative to the subspecialist as well as the primary care practitioner. It represents the only text that provides this up to date information about a subject that is continually changing. For the primary practitioner, information on the guidelines for screening as well as increasing patient participation is presentedd. For the subspecialist, information regarding the latest imaging techniques as well as flat adenomas and chromoendoscopy are covered. The section on the molecular changes in CRC will appeal to both groups. The text includes up to date information about colorectal screening that encompasses the entire spectrum of the topic and features photographs of polyps as well as diagrams of the morphology of polyps as well as photographs of CT colonography images. Algorithms are presented for all the suggested guidelines. Chapters are devoted to patient participation in screening and risk factors as well as new imaging technology. This useful volume explains the rationale behind screening for CRC. In addition, it covers the different screening options as well as the performance characteristics, when available in the literature, for each test. This volume will be used by the sub specialists who perform screening tests as well as primary care practitioners who refer patients to be screened for colorectal cancer.
Download or read book Cost effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average risk Adults written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implementing Colorectal Cancer Screening written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IOM's National Cancer Policy Board estimated in 2003 that even modest efforts to implement known tactics for cancer prevention and early detection could result in up to a 29 percent drop in cancer deaths in about 20 years. The IOM's National Cancer Policy Forum, which succeeded the Board after it was disbanded in 2005, continued the Board's work to outline ways to increase screening in the U.S. On February 25 and 26, 2008, the Forum convened a workshop to discuss screening for colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer screening remains low, despite strong evidence that screening prevents deaths. With the aim to make recommended colorectal cancer screening more widespread, the workshop discussed steps to be taken at the clinic, community, and health system levels. Workshop speakers, representing a broad spectrum of leaders in the field, identified major barriers to increased screening and described strategies to overcome these obstacles. This workshop summary highlights the information presented, as well as the subsequent discussion about actions needed to increase colorectal screening and, ultimately, to prevent more colorectal cancer deaths.
Download or read book Costs and Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Screening in the Elderly written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Costs and effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in the elderly written by Health Program Office of Technology Assessment U.S. Congress Washington, DC 20510-8025 and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1990 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colorectal Cancer Screening written by Han-Mo Chiu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a self-contained review of the theoretical and practical basis of colorectal cancer screening. Colorectal cancer is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and represents a significant burden for both public health and health care systems. However, colorectal cancer deaths can be prevented using effective screening, and many countries and regions have launched population colorectal cancer screening programs. This book covers various essential aspects of colorectal cancer screening, including the epidemiology of colorectal cancer, the various screening and diagnostic tests or exams, quality issues in colorectal cancer screening, necessary infrastructures, the evaluation of effectiveness, and economic appraisals of screening programs. Focusing on organized screening, in which various quality indicators can easily monitored and effectiveness is more likely to be evaluated, it discusses the basics of screening theory and the natural history of colorectal neoplasms, to help readers understand the rationale behind cancer screening. Lastly, it features international consensus and guidelines on colorectal cancer screening to highlight the current trends in the field. This comprehensive book on recent technological developments and conceptual advances in colorectal cancer screening is a valuable resource for public health workers and clinicians alike.
Download or read book Prevention and Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer written by Graeme P. Young and published by W.B. Saunders Company. This book was released on 1996 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an overview of the issues involved in prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer providing up-to-date, practical advice for clinicians. Possible management strategies for those at risk are provided, taking into account the biological principles of colorectal cancer development, epidemiological data and emerging genetic information, as well as social and environmental factors.
Download or read book Evaluating Test Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening Age to Begin Age to Stop and Timing of Screening Intervals written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent declines in both incidence and mortality, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Screening for CRC reduces mortality through the detection of malignancies at earlier, more treatable stages, as well as through the identification and removal of adenomatous polyps (asymptomatic benign precursor lesions that may lead to CRC). There are a number of tests currently available for screening, such as fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Screening with FOBT (Hemoccult II) has been shown to reduce CRC mortality by 15% to 33% in randomized controlled trials and screening with more sensitive FOBTs, flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy or combinations of these tests may reduce the burden of CRC even more. In the absence of adequate clinical trial data on several recommended screening strategies, microsimulation modeling can provide guidance on the risks, benefits, and testing resources required for different screening strategies to reduce the burden of CRC. In July 2002, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concluded that there was sufficient evidence to recommend strongly that all average-risk adults 50 years of age and older should be offered CRC screening. However, the logistics of screening such as the type of screening test, screening interval, and age to stop screening were not evaluated in terms of the balance of benefits and potential harms. The USPSTF has again addressed CRC screening recommendations with a systematic review of the evidence on screening tests. For this assessment, the Task Force requested a decision analysis to project expected outcomes of various CRC screening strategies. Two independent microsimulation modeling groups from the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET), funded by the National Cancer Institute, used a comparative modeling approach to compare life-years gained relative to resource use of different CRC screening strategies.
Download or read book Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Adults written by Michael Pignone and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONTEXT: Colorectal cancer is an important cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. Screening has the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer through early detection and removal of early-stage cancers or precancerous adenomatous polyps. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different colorectal cancer screening tests. DATA SOURCES: We used recently conducted systematic reviews, the second edition of the Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, the British National Health Service Economic Evaluation database, and focused searches of MEDLINE from 1966 through September 2000 to identify relevant studies for inclusion. We also conducted hand-searches, review of bibliographies, and consultations with context experts to assure completeness. STUDY SELECTION: When available, we included the most recent high-quality systematic review and then supplemented that review with a search for more recent articles. Full MEDLINE searches were performed to examine the accuracy of double-contrast barium enema, the rates of complications for each of the available screening tests, and for studies of the cost-effectiveness of screening. Two reviewers examined the results of each of the full searches and determined by consensus which articles should be abstracted into evidence tables. DATA EXTRACTION: One reviewer abstracted the information from the final set of studies into evidence tables, and a second reviewer checked them for accuracy. DATA SYNTHESIS: Direct evidence from multiple well-conducted randomized trials supports the effectiveness of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) in decreasing colon cancer incidence and reducing mortality from colorectal cancer compared with no screening for average-risk adults over age 50. Data from well-conducted case-control studies support the effectiveness of sigmoidoscopy and possibly colonoscopy in reducing colon cancer mortality as well. A nonrandomized trial and indirect evidence support the use of combination FOBT and sigmoidoscopy. Indirect evidence from diagnostic accuracy studies suggests that double-contrast barium enema or virtual colonoscopy may also be effective compared with no screening. Data are insufficient to determine with confidence and precision the most effective or cost-effective strategies or the age at which screening should be stopped. CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal cancer screening is effective in reducing mortality from colorectal cancer. Current data are insufficient to determine the most effective or cost-effective strategy for screening, although all major strategies have favorable cost-effectiveness ratios compared with no screening.
Download or read book Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer Screening in an Average risk Population written by Usha Menon and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The majority of CRC is diagnosed in those aged 50 or older. Empirical evidence indicates that early detection of CRC can decease mortality. An annual fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and a flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years are the current screening guidelines. Recent studies suggest that the sigmoidoscopy may be a sub optimal approach to screening compared to a colonoscopy. Utilization of these tests is very low, especially among those who are 50 or older and most at risk for developing the disease. The purpose of this study was to identify significant predisposing and enabling factors that predict FOBT and colonoscopy use. The theoretical framework for this study was derived from the Health Belief and the PRECEDE-PROCEED Models. Institutional review board approval was obtained before data collection. The instruments used in the study were previously tested for reliability and validity. Employees of a Midwest-based company were surveyed by mail with a response rate of about 51%. Chi square analysis was conducted to which variables were significantly associated with FOBT compliance (having had one in the last year), ever having had an FOBT, and colonoscopy use. Variables significant at p .25 were entered in to logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression was conducted modeling the odds of having an FOBT or colonoscopy. Those who had an FOBT in the last year were older, reported lower barriers, and reported that their providers had recommended the test to them. Caucasians or those who reported that their providers had recommended the test to them were more likely to have had an FOBT sometime in their lives. Predictors of colonoscopy use were increasing age, having higher benefits, knowledge, self-efficacy, and fear, having lower barriers. Results from this study support previous research with FOBT behavior, although there is no previous research with colonoscopy behavior available for comparison. Future research with a community-based sample is recommended. Results may also provide a guide to developing interventions to increase CRC screening behavior.
Download or read book Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-07 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.
Download or read book European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis written by Nereo Segnan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Introduction -- 2. Organisation -- Guiding principles for organising a colorectal cancer screening programme -- 3. Evaluation and interpretation of screening outcomes -- 4. Faecal occult blood testing -- 5. Quality assurance in endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis -- 6. Professional requirements and training -- 7. Quality assurance in pathology in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis -- 8. Management of lesions detected in colorectal cancer screening -- 9. Colonoscopic surveillance following adenoma removal --10. Communication -- Appendices.
Download or read book Communicating Colorectal Cancer Risk to Average Risk Adults written by Carrie A. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background. CRC risk can be reduced though lifestyle modification and regular screenings. Providing CRC risk feedback that promotes preventive behaviors to those at average risk has the potential to significantly reduce CRC morbidity and mortality. Purpose. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the impact of CRC risk assessment feedback among adults aged 50-75 with no personal or family history of the disease. The specific aims were to: (1a) test personalized (vs. generic) risk assessment feedback on individuals0́9 risk perceptions and intentions to engage in three risk-reducing behaviors (e.g., physical activity, diet, and screening); (1b) determine if the provision of CRC risk information influences breast cancer risk perceptions and mammography intentions; (2a) examine individuals0́9 accuracy of perceived lifetime risk of CRC; (2b) assess whether improved accuracy following risk assessment was associated with changes in behavioral intentions; and finally, (3) evaluate the use of a unique sampling procedure designed to increase diversity of survey respondents. Methods. A pre-post parallel, two arm randomized controlled trial examined the effects of providing CRC risk assessment feedback that included lifetime risk estimates and information about CRC risk factors that was either personalized (treatment) or generic (control). N=419 average risk adults between the ages of 50-75 were recruited from a commercial online panel. Results. There were no differences in risk perception between study arms. Overall participants, perceived lifetime risk of CRC lowered at post-test and seemingly produced a spillover effect in lowered perceived lifetime risk of breast cancer among females. CRC screening intentions increased in both study arms and mammography intentions increased in the control arm. Accuracy of lifetime risk improved at post-test, but was not associated with changes in intentions to perform risk reducing behaviors. Quota sampling acquired a targeted and diverse sample quickly and efficiently. Conclusion. Communicating CRC risk information to average risk adults can improve CRC risk perception accuracy and enhance colorectal and mammography screening intentions. Risk assessment feedback did not consistently influence intentions to improve diet and physical activity.
Download or read book Implementing Colorectal Cancer Screening written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IOM's National Cancer Policy Board estimated in 2003 that even modest efforts to implement known tactics for cancer prevention and early detection could result in up to a 29 percent drop in cancer deaths in about 20 years. The IOM's National Cancer Policy Forum, which succeeded the Board after it was disbanded in 2005, continued the Board's work to outline ways to increase screening in the U.S. On February 25 and 26, 2008, the Forum convened a workshop to discuss screening for colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer screening remains low, despite strong evidence that screening prevents deaths. With the aim to make recommended colorectal cancer screening more widespread, the workshop discussed steps to be taken at the clinic, community, and health system levels. Workshop speakers, representing a broad spectrum of leaders in the field, identified major barriers to increased screening and described strategies to overcome these obstacles. This workshop summary highlights the information presented, as well as the subsequent discussion about actions needed to increase colorectal screening and, ultimately, to prevent more colorectal cancer deaths.
