Download or read book Economic Development and Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey written by Aysıt Tansel and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Development and Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey written by Aysit Tansel and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Women s Economic Empowerment in Turkey written by Onur Burak Celik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey has experienced growth in both the population and the workforce. However, female participation in the workforce in Turkey is extremely low, largely due to financial dependency and lack of higher education. The authors argue that greater research is needed to improve the economic position of women throughout the country, and this remains a challenge that must be fixed both culturally and socioeconomically. The book explores the significant gap between policy advancements, actual practices, and the impact of regional variety in the cultural structure. The authors suggest that this in turn has affected Turkey’s ability to implement changes and reform. Reform must allow women to pursue changes that will give them greater financial flexibility and freedom within the country. The authors demonstrate the concept and framework for women’s empowerment and explore the need for this. This book seeks to discuss the approaches and strategies for empowering women by outlining the strategies, policies and tools that women are using for their empowerment focusing on Turkey while comparing with other countries worldwide. It also brings several issues to the forefront such as equality treatment, political participation, social issues, the gender pay gap, the glass ceiling and gender (in)equality, the migration effect and education. Offering a multi-disciplinary exploration of the relationship and connection between employment, national policies, migration economies, entrepreneurialism and gender in present Turkey, this book is an invaluable contribution to the existing literature surrounding Turkish gender studies and will be of interest to both scholars and experts in the field.

Download or read book The Role of Women in Turkish Economy written by Elif Nuroglu and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors confirm that the low female labor force participation rate in Turkey is a structural problem. The topics are wage gap problem, motherhood penalty, the lack of harmonization of work and family life policies, gender effect on the performance of organizations, glass ceiling syndrome and representation of women at senior roles in Turkey.

Download or read book Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey has been collaborating with the World Bank in developing macroeconomic policies and implementing various reforms such as social security, investment climate, competitiveness, labor market, and public sector management. One of the salient features of the labor market in Turkey is the distinctly lower labor force participation (LFP) rates of women. As of January 2009, female LFP in Turkey was 23.5 percent. Urbanization and the move out of subsistence agriculture have had a profound effect on employment patterns for women, especially among those who have not attained university education. Family farming and subsistence agriculture have become less and less important as other more attractive opportunities expand in the service and manufacturing sectors. In the ninth development plan the Turkish Government has set goals to increase the number of women who are actively employed. The national action plan for gender equality emphasizes that using women's talents and skills in the labor market not only provides families with more economic independence, but also increases women's self-confidence and social respectability. Higher female employment is instrumental in building capacity for economic growth and poverty reduction. Higher levels of female employment allow government investments in education to be used more efficiently as women use their acquired talents. Policies that can help improve women's opportunities for more and better jobs in Turkey include: (a) creating job opportunities for first time job seekers; and (b) promoting early childhood development programs (ECD), such as preschool education and public or subsidized childcare programs.

Download or read book The Economics of Gender Equality in the Labour Market written by Meltem İnce Yenilmez and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-07 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the global labour market in the context of gender equality, and the associated policies and regulations, particularly in developing markets, to recommend measures for encouraging gender equality. It exposes the barriers that women employees encounter as well as some of the societal and workplace policies they, specifically, are subject to. Important themes within this topic include participation rates, the looming gap in hourly pay, availability of part-time and full-time positions, value, and social status associated with jobs held by men and women. The book examines how global gender policy objectives, such as gender equality in careers, gender balance in decision-making, and gender dimensions in research, can be incorporated into policy frameworks. The book analyzes the gendered nature of assumptions, processes and theories. The juxtaposition between family and work, tradition and modernity, and dependency and autonomy, clearly still seems to be misunderstood. Therefore, the book asks whether work improves women’s positions in society and/or changes their roles in their families. The authors explore and uncover the connections among employment, entrepreneurship, migration economies, and gender global labour markets and provide helpful solutions to the perceptions surrounding women’s status, risks, and inequality that limit their economic participation. This insightful read provides comprehensive details on a variety of themes and encourages further research on policies that are key to promoting gender equality. The book will appeal to postgraduate students and researchers of labour and feminist economics, the economics of gender, women’s studies and sociology.

Download or read book Economic Developement Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey written by Aysıt Tansel and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Turkey written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is intended to serve as the basis of the World Bank's support to the government of Turkey in the implementation of its policies to enhance the participation of women in the economic development process. The report provides background information on the situation of women in Turkey, including legal and health issues, and examines government strategies to incorporate women into national policies and programs. The main focus of the report is on increasing and raising the quality of women's participation in the labor force. To this end, the report gives particular attention to enhancing women's labor skills and income earning potential through education, technical training, and credit; and to opening their access to higher paying jobs in industry and agriculture. Turkey can benefit significantly in terms of increased productivity, enhanced family welfare, and reduced population growth by focusing more on the development potential of its women. The report advances three general propositions: (1) investments in women will promote economic development. Because of the critical role women play in their family's health and nutrition, and in the education of children, the benefits from investment in women's development tend to be spread more widely throughout society and across generations; (2) women contribute far more to the economy and to the family than is reflected in official statistics. Recognizing this will help policymakers in making informed decisions on resource allocation; and (3) easing the cultural and traditional constraints on women's productivity would lead to increased productivity and incomes. Includes numerous tables. Contains approximately 200 references. (DK).

Download or read book Recent Trends in Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey written by Arzu Uraz and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The female labor force participation level in Turkey is currently very low at 27 percent compared with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD and European Union, or EU-19 averages of 61 and 64 percent respectively. This rate has been declining in the last 30 years from a level of 48 percent in 1980. This paper looks at the most recent trends and profiles of labor force participation of women in Turkey using three different household level data sources in available Turkey (HBS, LFS and TDHS) for the period 2003-2006. The paper also reports a multivatiate analysis on the probability of working for women, controlling for various characteristics.

Download or read book Labor Force Participation Rate and Economic Growth written by Bilal Kargi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although some discussions about the relation between population and the economic growth are made for a long time, today there is a general opinion that the population growth has positive relation with the economic growth. This opinion is also supported by the empirical studies. Despite there is a growth directly advancing with the population growth, the advancing of the population in the opposite direction with the rate of the labor force participation is thought to be a paradox. This paradox reveals some concepts, namely, "jobless growth" and "unskilled growth." In this study, an explanation is sought about the remaining or less increasing of the rate of the labor force participation although a linear relation between the GDP and the population and the labor. The official statements refer that this paradox is related with the lack of female participation in the labor force and employment in the agricultural sector to be falling. This study tries to point that this quantity cannot create a quality although the growth is quantitative.

Download or read book Human Capital in History written by Leah Platt Boustan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume honours the contributions Claudia Goldin has made to scholarship and teaching in economic history and labour economics. The chapters address some closely integrated issues: the role of human capital in the long-term development of the American economy, trends in fertility and marriage, and women's participation in economic change.

Download or read book Determinants of and Trends in Labor Force Participation of Women in Turkey written by Meltem Dayaylu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Female labor force participation rate in Turkey is quite low by European Union (EU) and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) standards: it was 24.9 percent in 2006, compared to 66.1 percent in EU-27 and 60.8 percent in OECD countries. Moreover, it has declined from 34.3 percent in 1988 to 24.9 percent in 2006. The purpose of this report is to shed light on factors that determine women's participation in the labor market and the reasons behind the observed trends over the 1988-2006 periods. An important reason for the fall in female participation rate is urbanization. Turkey has witnessed high levels migration from rural to urban areas since 1988. The share of urban population rose from 51.1 percent in 1988 to 63.3 percent in 2006. Despite the declining trend, the female labor force participation rate in rural areas is still higher than that in urban areas, which has been more stable over time. In fact, the gender gap in participation rate in urban areas is much wider. Significant improvements have taken in place in women's schooling in recent decades in Turkey. The final interesting finding that requires further investigation is the low and stagnant participation rates of low skilled women - those with less than high school education. Over the 2000-2006 periods, the participation rate of low skilled women varied between 10.9 and 11.8 percent. These are considerably lower rates compared to that of low skilled men which, over the same time period, varied between 67.1 and 68.8 percent.

Download or read book Structural Transformation Culture and Women s Labor Force Participation in Turkey written by Yasemin Dildar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey has experienced important structural and social changes that would be expected to facilitate women's participation in market work. Social attitudes toward working women have changed in recent years; women are becoming more educated; they are getting married at a later age; and fertility rates are declining. Despite these factors, women's labor force participation rates are very low in comparison to the countries at a similar development stage. This dissertation analyzes the underlying causes of low female labor force participation in Turkey. In addition to a background chapter (Chapter 2) analyzing structural transformation and employment generation patterns, the dissertation has three main chapters. In Chapter 3, I investigate the role of patriarchal norms and religiosity in constraining women's labor force participation using 2008 Demographic and Health Survey data. Employing an instrumental variable estimation, I find that internalization of patriarchal norms has a negative impact on female labor force participation. In Chapter 4 I use qualitative data from in-depth interviews based on field research in 2013 to investigate women's preferences as well as their actual behavior. I analyze women's labor force participation decisions, past schooling decisions and fertility decisions in light of their individual preferences and aspirations on one hand, structural constraints and household dynamics on the other, and I question the common assumption that paid employment leads to empowerment of women. I find that women are not given equal opportunity to make their life choices from an early age. Many women express a preference for work outside the home but face constraints including the burden of care work and husband's disapproval. The interviews with working wives, on the other hand, reveal that the gender division of labor in the household is not changed substantially by the employment status of women. In Chapter 5 I examine the impact of an employment subsidy enacted in Turkey in 2008 on women's employment, accounting for variations across culturally diverse provinces. I estimate a difference-in-differences model using a monthly panel of province-level employment data from the Social Security Administration of Turkey. I find that the employment package increased the female share of employment in the provinces where positive discrimination was effective. Moreover, I find that there is not a statistically significant difference between conservative and progressive provinces in terms of the effectiveness of the policy: a demand-side policy can increase women's employment despite cultural constraints that are normally thought to prohibit female labor supply. The findings of the dissertation support the premise that understanding the low female labor force participation in Turkey requires taking into account complex social, economic, and cultural factors. Using complementary quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the dissertation shows that both supply-side and demand-side constraints are in play, implying need for policy-makers to address both sides of the labor market to raise women's employment.

Download or read book The U shaped Female Labor Force Function in Economic Development and Economic History written by Claudia Dale Goldin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The labor force participation rate of married women first declines and then rises as countries develop. Its þ-shape is revealed both across the process of economic development and through the histories of currently advanced countries. The initial decline in the participation rate is due to the movement of production from the household, family farm, and small business to the wider market, and to a strong income effect. But the income effect weakens and the substitution effect strengthens at some point. This paper explores why the change takes place and why the þ-shape is traced out. When women are poorly educated their only wage labor outside the home and family is in manual work, against which a strong social stigma exists. But when women are educated, particularly at the secondary level, they enter white-collar work, against which no social stigma exists. Data for more than one-hundred countries and for United States history are used to explore the hypothesis of the þ-shaped female labor force function.

Download or read book Employment Unemployment and Wages in Turkey written by Tuncer Bulutay and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 1995 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Consequences of Globalisation on Turkish Women Regarding Labor Participation written by Can Büyükbay and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Other International Politics Topics, grade: 5 (Schweiz), University of Bern (Geographisches Institut), course: Politische Geographie, language: English, abstract: Globalisation is marked by growing economic interdependence and internationalisation of capital. Some of the important characteristics of this phenomenon are the increasing interconnectedness between societies as a result of the rapid development of communications and growing trade, the invention of new technologies, increased capital mobility and the growing importance of transnational corporations (McGrew 2005: 22). It became increasingly clear that globalization was, from the beginning, a process based on gender discrimination, which meant it affected men and women differently in an economic, social and cultural sense. Global markets, free production zones, and new growth strategies make women the victims of development programmes. In Thailand, Bangladesh, Mexico, China and in many areas of the so-called “Third World”, western capital exploits the cheapest workforce. The governments there have offered their young women to the international capital and were willing to create so-called “free production zones” in which the capital has great freedom. Free production zones are being strongly criticised, because foreign companies do not need to respect any labour protection laws in these areas, and have plenty of room to manoeuvre and to pursue their interests. Critics come too, because the companies don’t need to consider the damage to the environment (Kümbetoglu/Caga 2001: 58).

Download or read book Life Chances in Turkey written by Jesko Hentschel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children in Turkey have vastly different odds of success. Their paths are affected by factors over which they have no control, such as how wealthy or educated their parents and even grandparents are. By investing in its children and youth, Turkey can create a virtuous cycle whereby these children and youth contribute more to their country s economic growth and social development, helping to realize its ambitious goals.