Download or read book Ecology of Migratory Timing by Southbound Male and Female Western Sandpipers Calidris Mauri written by Amanda Christine Niehaus and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Connectivity and the Causes and Consequences of Differential Migration in a Long distance Migratory Shorebird the Western Sandpiper written by Samantha Evan Franks and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicting how changes in the environment will impact migratory populations requires an understanding of how different ecological factors shape migratory behaviour across the annual cycle and determining how events in one season might influence individuals in later seasons. My dissertation investigates the causes of variation in migratory behaviour of a long-distance migratory shorebird, the western sandpiper (Calidris mauri), and examines the potential consequences of this variation for breeding performance. Western sandpipers are partially latitudinally segregated during the non-breeding season by sex, morphology, and reproductive life history strategy: females, large birds, and individuals choosing to delay breeding by a year tend to migrate further south. Genetic population differentiation has been proposed as a mechanism maintaining latitudinal variation in morphology and life history strategy. By estimating population connectivity, I found that wintering populations mix substantially during the breeding season and are thus unlikely to be genetically distinct, suggesting trait-dependent differential migration is a more likely alternative to explain latitudinal patterns during the non-breeding season. Western sandpipers are a strongly bill-dimorphic species (female bills are longer), and niche differentiation according to bill length on the non-breeding grounds has been proposed as a mechanism promoting differential migration by bill morphology and therefore sex. I found little evidence to suggest that diet, as inferred from stable isotope analysis, varies with bill length, either within sites or across latitudes. I related variation in migration behaviour to potential reproductive consequences by investigating whether variation in migration distance from non-breeding areas or winter habitat carry over to influence the timing of breeding, a key determinant of reproductive success. I found little indication that either aspect of the non-breeding season covaried with the timing of clutch initiation. My findings have significant implications for conservation management, since population connectivity estimates across the species' range can now be incorporated in demographic models. The results challenge several earlier hypotheses explaining differential migratory behaviour of western sandpipers. Future work should focus on testing alternative explanations and on investigating whether other events outside of the breeding season affect reproductive success.
Download or read book Ecological Factors Underlying the Nonbreeding Distribution of Western Sandpipers written by Nebel Silke and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Structure in Western Sandpipers Calidris Mauri written by Birgit Schwarz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective conservation management of migratory birds can be challenging and requires knowledge about population structure and the strength of migratory connectivity. The latter likely affects the degree to which populations are locally adapted and differentiated, and both may affect their ability to adapt to environmental changes. Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) are long-distance migrants that exhibit latitudinal differences in morphology and life-history strategies across their non-breeding range. The differential migration patterns in this small shorebird species could be based on population genetic differences or phenotypic plasticity. I investigated the population structure of Western Sandpipers, and its implications for differential migration and conservation, across their global range using genetic, morphometric and acoustic data. I recorded and analyzed breeding male vocalizations, conducted playback experiments and collected genetic and morphometric data across breeding and non-breeding ranges. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) and mtDNA sequence data indicated low, but significant genetic population structure across breeding and non-breeding ranges. I found evidence for an evolutionarily recent demographic expansion (mtDNA), for latitudinal clines in genetic scores (AFLP) and for isolation by distance (AFLP). A scan of thousands of AFLP markers in a pooled lane approach revealed no fixed genetic differences among juveniles with a postulated difference in life-history strategy or migratory direction. Songs, but not alarm calls, varied geographically, decreasing in length and increasing in fundamental frequencies from southern to northern breeding sites. These geographic differences were sufficiently large to allow males to discriminate between local and non-local songs and hence are potentially biologically relevant. AFLP scores and vocalization frequencies showed correlations with body size. In conjunction, my results suggest that Western Sandpipers underwent a recent range and population expansion that has resulted in divergence patterns that are primarily isolation by distance driven. My results suggest interrelationships among genetic population structure, morphology and latitudinal segregation. While populations were not sufficiently distinct to allow for assignment tests, the latitudinal gradients found across both the breeding and non-breeding grounds are suggestive of a gradual 'chain'-like migration pattern, but do not indicate strong migratory connectivity. Consequently, conservation strategies could focus on the protection of major sites at different latitudes.
Download or read book Comparative Stopover Ecology of Least Calidris Minutilla and Western C Mauri Sandpipers During Southward Migration written by Rachel Jane Gardiner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migratory birds adjust their refuelling rates at stopover sites based on habitat characteristics and physiological state. For Least (Calidris minutilla) and Western (C. mauri) Sandpipers on southward migration in British Columbia, I investigated species differences in foraging habitat, diet, and fattening rate, and long-term trends in body mass related to species, age, and site during a period of changing predation danger (1980s-2000's). Least Sandpipers disproportionately used more vegetated habitat, and foraged at a lower trophic level than Western sandpipers. Least Sandpiper fattening rate was higher than in Western Sandpipers, but did not differ with respect to covariates in either species. Western Sandpipers of both age classes were heavier at a safer site. At a more dangerous site, adult Least Sandpiper mass decreased over three decades, while juvenile mass remained consistently low. I interpret patterns of variation in stopover ecology as species-specific prioritization of danger management, feeding conditions, and migratory route.
Download or read book Sex related Differences in Feeding Behaviour and Implications for Differential Migration in Western Sandpipers Calidris Mauri written by Kimberley J. Mathot and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I examined relationships between bill morphology, feeding behaviour and nonbreeding distribution in a sexually dimorphic shorebird, the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri). The sexes are differentially distributed across the non-breeding range, with males, the shorter-billed sex, shifted north relative to females. Males are more reliant on pecking (surface feeding) during both migration and the non-breeding period while females do more probing (subsurface feeding). I tested whether differences in feeding mode result in sex-related differences in diet. Results of surficial food removal plots and stable isotope analyses were equivocal. I also tested the hypothesis that latitudinal gradients in the vertical distribution of food (invertebrates and biofilm) underlie differential migration in Western Sandpipers. Surface food predominated at northern sites, while subsurface food predominated at southern sites. This study is the first to relate latitudinal scale changes in the distribution of food to functional morphology and differential non-breeding distribution in a shorebird.
Download or read book Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds written by Hans Meltofte and published by Museum Tusculanum Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 50 species of shorebirds breed in the Arctic, where they constitute the most characteristic component of the tundra avifauna. Here, we review the impact of weather and climate on the breeding cycle of shorebirds based on extensive studies conducted across the Arctic. Conditions for breeding shorebirds are highly variable among species, sites and regions, both within and between continents. Weather effects on breeding are most moderate in the Low Arctic of northern Europe and most extreme in the Siberian High Arctic. The decision of whether or not to breed upon arrival on the breeding grounds, the timing of egg-laying and the chick-growth period are most affected by annual variation in weather. In large parts of the Arctic, clutch initiation dates are highly correlated with snowmelt dates and in regions and years where extensive snowmelt occurs before or soon after the arrival of shorebirds, the decision to breed and on the breeding ecology of clutch initiation dates appear to be a function of food availability for laying females. Once incubation is initiated, adult shorebirds appear fairly resilient to variations in temperature with nest abandonment primarily occurring in case of severe weather with new snow covering the ground. Feeding conditions for chicks, a factor highly influenced by weather, affects juvenile production in most regions. Predation has a very strong impact on breeding productivity throughout the Arctic and subarctic, with lemming Dicrostonyx spp. and Lemmus spp. fluctuations strongly influencing predation rates, particularly in the Siberian Arctic. The fate of Arctic shorebirds under projected future climate scenarios is uncertain, but High Arctic species and populations appear particularly at risk. Climatic amelioration may benefit Arctic shorebirds in the short term by increasing both survival and productivity, whereas in the long term habitat changes both on the breeding grounds and on the temperate and tropical non-breeding areas may put them under considerable pressure and may bring some of them near to extinction. Their relatively low genetic diversity, which is thought to be a consequence of survival through past climatically-driven population bottlenecks, may also put them more at risk to anthropogenic-induced climate variation than other avian taxa.
Download or read book Hunting Tactics of Peregrines and Other Falcons written by Dick Dekker and published by Hancock House. This book was released on 2009 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the foraging habits and capture rates of four species of bird-hunting falcons; Peregrine, Merlin, Gyrfalcon, and Prairie Falcon. Eight of the nine study areas were situated in western Canada in widely different habitats, and the observation periods intermittently included all seasons over 44 years, 1965-2008.
Download or read book Bird Migration across the Himalayas written by Herbert H. T. Prins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first reference to demonstrate how birds survive the high-altitude Central Asian Flyway and the threats to this unique migration.
Download or read book Shorebird Management Manual written by Douglas L. Helmers and published by Wetlands for the Americas. This book was released on 1992 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethno ornithology written by Sonia C. Tidemann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indigenous knowledge that embraces ornithology takes in whole social dimensions that are inter-linked with environmental ethos, conservation and management for sustainability. In contrast, western approaches have tended to reduce knowledge to elemental and material references. This book looks at the significance of indigenous knowledge of birds and their cultural significance, and how these can assist in framing research methods of western scientists working in related areas. As well as its knowledge base, this book provides practical advice for professionals in conservation and anthropology by demonstrating the relationship between mutual respect, local participation and the building of partnerships for the resolution of joint problems. It identifies techniques that can be transferred to different regions, environments and collections, as well as practices suitable for investigation, adaptation and improvement of knowledge exchange and collection in ornithology. The authors take anthropologists and biologists who have been trained in, and largely continue to practise from, a western reductionist approach, along another path - one that presents ornithological knowledge from alternative perspectives, which can enrich the more common approaches to ecological and other studies as well as plans of management for conservation.
Download or read book Shorebirds written by Jan van de Kam and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shorebirds are the most visible inhabitants of coastal wetlands worldwide. Many undertake spectacularly long flights between their wintering and breeding grounds, embodying the miracle of long-distance migration in a profound way. In this illustrated behavioural ecology the migration, feeding and breeding of these birds are explained in a comprehensive but simple and visually stunning form. The core of the book is based on studies of shorebirds and other waterbirds (such as ducks, geese and gulls) that migrate along the East Atlantic Flyway. The emphasis is on those using the Dutch, German and Danish Wadden Sea; examples from the rest of the world are also included. The authors are experts in the fields of bird migration, shorebird behaviour and intertidal ecology, and have contributed much to our current understanding of these subjects. The 300 magnificent portraits of waterbirds in action were taken by Jan van de Kam, one of The Netherlands' foremost wildlife photographers.
Download or read book The Status and Distribution of Birds in Missouri written by Mark B. Robbins and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Winter Birds written by Lars Jonsson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A celebration of winter birds in Sweden by world-famous artist, author and ornithologist, Lars Jonsson. In this stunning book, Lars Jonsson celebrates and explores the beauty of the birds that surround him during the Swedish winter months. Inspired by the desolate, wintry landscapes, the dazzling light and the stark contract of colours he observes against the snow, Jonsson has created an unparalleled collection of art. Jonsson illustrates each bird in his classic style, and his text provides information on their behaviour and insights into how to identify them as he shares personal observations as both an artist and ornithologist. This unique combination offers an intimate and compelling opportunity to better understand the method behind one of the world's preeminent bird artists.
Download or read book Bird Populations Collins New Naturalist Library Book 124 written by Ian Newton and published by HarperCollins UK. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the latest addition to the New Naturalist series, Ian Newton explores bird populations and what causes their fluctuation – food supplies, competitors, predators, parasites, pathogens and human activity.
Download or read book The Migration Ecology of Birds written by Ian Newton and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-12-02 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Migration Ecology of Birds, Second Edition covers all aspects of this absorbing subject, including migratory processes, problems of navigation and vagrancy, timing and physiological control of migration, large-scale movement patterns, the effects of recent climate change, the problems that migrants face, and the factors that limit their populations. This book provides a thorough and in-depth review of the state of the science, with the text supplemented by abundant tables, maps and diagrams. Written by a world-renowned avian ecology and migration researcher, this book reveals the extraordinary adaptability of birds to the variable and changing conditions across the globe. This book represents the most updated and detailed review of bird migration, its evolution, ecology and bird physiology. Written in a clear and readable style, it will appeal not only to migration researchers in the field and ornithologists, but to anyone with an interest in this fascinating subject. - Features updated and trending ecological aspects, including various types of bird movements, dispersal and nomadism, and how they relate to food supplies and other external conditions - Contains numerous tables, maps, diagrams, a glossary, and a bibliography of more than 3,000 up-to-date references - Written by an active researcher with a distinguished career in avian ecology, including migration research
Download or read book Eskimo Essays written by Ann Fienup-Riordan and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This examination of the ideology and practice of the Yup'ik Eskimos of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta of southwestern Alaska includes traditions, ideology, relations with Christianity, warfare, use of animals, law and order, and the non-native perception of the Yup'ik way of life.
