Download or read book Ecology of Amphibian Microbial Symbioses written by Eria A. Rebollar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of amphibian microbial ecology has greatly advanced in recent years. The work published to date has shown that amphibian skin bacterial communities can be influenced by host species, host life-history stage, environmental conditions, surrounding bacterial communities that serve as reservoirs and external biotic agents such as pathogens. As the ecology of amphibian-microbial symbiosis is a relatively new field, there are still many unanswered questions. The aim of this Research Topic is to highlight recent research on amphibian microbiomes that addresses relevant questions on the ecology of amphibian-microbe interactions. The publications gathered in this Research Topic have expanded our knowledge on the role of microbial symbionts of amphibians and have revealed novel insights that can direct the next set of research questions. We suggest that soon the field will move from the basic (and necessary) descriptions of microbial communities to more experimental approaches that include the use of omics methods and a variety of novel analytic and multivariate approaches. In addition to providing more insights into the microbial and disease ecology of amphibians, these studies may lead to effective ways to manipulate the microbiome to achieve protection from diseases, such as chytridiomycosis.
Download or read book The Ecology of Amphibian associated Bacterial Communities written by Decio Tadeu Correa Filho and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multicellular organisms are habitat for a diverse bacterial community (microbiome) that can often be associated with host health and well-being. To better understand that relationship I explored several ecological aspects of the host-associated microbiomes using pre- and post-metamorphic amphibians. First, I investigated the relative roles of local selection (due to host species identity) and regional effects (due to water body identity) on the community structure of the gut microbiome of tadpoles. I found that each water body represents a relatively distinct species pool of bacteria available for community assembly, making the water body more important in shaping the microbiome of tadpoles than their species identity. I then showed that the gut microbiome of tadpoles is not homogeneous throughout its gut length as there are changes in composition, abundance, richness, and diversity from the anterior to the posterior parts of the gut. Moreover, the gut microbiome of the anterior portion is unstable, i.e., it is highly influenced by exposition to external bacteria, while the microbiome of the posterior gut has higher stability. The posterior part harbors the functional microbiome that helps tadpoles with digestion. In fact, I found that most of the essential amino acids in the tadpole tissue are derived from bacteria. I then manipulated their gut microbiome and diet and found that the composition of the microbiome can have profound impacts on the performance and fitness of the tadpole, as distinct microbiomes affect growth, development, and mortality of the host. Finally, as tadpoles metamorphose and leave the water, their microbiome is reshaped due to changes in conditions related to both the environment and the host. I tested and showed that closely related species of adult amphibians have a tendency to harbor similar skin microbiome, but the same signal was not found for their gut microbiome. In summary, I found that the gut of tadpoles harbor several distinct but connected microbiomes that vary in composition, diversity, and stability and that can profoundly affect the fitness of the host. Its composition is ultimately determined by the environmental bacteria tadpoles were exposed to. For adult amphibians, closely related species have more similar skin but not gut microbiome
Download or read book Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis written by James F. White Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anemones and fish, ants and acacia trees, fungus and trees, buffaloes and oxpeckers--each of these unlikely duos is an inimitable partnership in which the species' coexistence is mutually beneficial. More specifically, they represent examples of defensive mutualism, when one species receives protection against predators or parasites in exchange for
Download or read book Evolutionary Ecology of Amphibians written by Gregorio Moreno-Rueda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibians are the oldest tetrapod group and show an astonishing diversity in lifestyles, many of them being unique. However, globally, they are on a decline. Hence, their study is fundamental to understanding the evolution of diversity and conserving them. This book, authored by experts from around the world, summarizes the current knowledge on the evolutionary ecology of amphibians. The book treats biological concepts related to the evolution, ecology, physiology, immunology, behaviour, and morphology of amphibians in their different states. This book constitutes an actualized work indispensable for evolutionary ecologists and herpetologists.
Download or read book Amphibian Ecology and Conservation written by C. Kenneth Dodd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the latest methodologies used to study the ecology of amphibians throughout the world. Each of the 27 chapters explains a research approach or technique, with emphasis on careful planning and the potential biases of techniques. Statistical modelling, landscape ecology, and disease are covered for the first time in a techniques handbook.
Download or read book From Microbes to Conservation written by Molly Catherine Bletz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians written by Trevor Beebee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-03-31 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume sets out to provide an overview of recent research on all aspects of amphibian ecology and behaviour and to illustrate its application to practical conservation measures for this major group of animals. Its broad scope makes it of relevance to students of general biology, ecology and conservation, but also to professionals in industries and agencies involved with environmental issues and nature conservation.
Download or read book Microbiomes of Soils Plants and Animals written by Rachael E. Antwis and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative, holistic synthesis of microbiome research, spanning soil, plant, animal and human hosts.
Download or read book Microbiomes of Soils Plants and Animals written by Rachael E. Antwis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative, holistic synthesis of microbiome research, spanning soil, plant, animal and human hosts.
Download or read book Processes in Microbial Ecology written by David L. Kirchman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial ecology is the study of interactions among microbes in natural environments and their roles in biogeochemical cycles, food web dynamics, and the evolution of life. Microbes are the most numerous organisms in the biosphere and mediate many critical reactions in elemental cycles and biogeochemical reactions. Because microbes are essential players in the carbon cycle and related processes, microbial ecology is a vital science for understanding the role of the biosphere in global warming and the response of natural ecosystems to climate change. This novel textbook discusses the major processes carried out by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and other protists - the microbes - in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. It focuses on biogeochemical processes, starting with primary production and the initial fixation of carbon into cellular biomass, before exploring how that carbon is degraded in both oxygen-rich (oxic) and oxygen-deficient (anoxic) environments. These biogeochemical processes are affected by ecological interactions, including competition for limiting nutrients, viral lysis, and predation by various protists in soils and aquatic habitats. The book neatly connects processes occurring at the micron scale to events happening at the global scale, including the carbon cycle and its connection to climate change issues. A final chapter is devoted to symbiosis and other relationships between microbes and larger organisms. Microbes have huge impacts not only on biogeochemical cycles, but also on the ecology and evolution of more complex forms of life, including Homo sapiens..
Download or read book Molecular and functional ecology of aquatic microbial symbionts written by Hans-Peter Grossart and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing provided
Download or read book Amphibian Biology written by Harold Heatwole and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The late 20th Century and the early 21st century has been characterized by an unprecedented deterioration of the environment of the earyh and the throes of one of the major extinction events of all time. New diseases have emerged. Unmitigated deforestation,desertation,erosion and salinization of soil,pollution of water and air,and thinning of the UV-protective ozone layer constitute dire ecological threats for life on the planet. This volume contains 12 dynamic chapters reated to amphibian decline; Viral and Bacterial diseases of amphibians,Fungal Diseases; Factors affecting Interspecific variation in susceptibility to Disease ,Digenitic trematodes and their relationship to amphibian declines and deformaties,Amphibian malformations,Ultra Violet-B radiation,pollution,impact of reactive nitrogen, evaluating the impact of pesticides,endocrine disrupting chemicals,role of petrochemicals and heavy metals,acidification,and its effects and climate change.
Download or read book Environmental Physiology of the Amphibians written by Martin E. Feder and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-10-15 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through its emphasis on recent research, its many summary tables, and its bibliography of more than 4,000 entries, this first modern, synthetic treatment of comparative amphibian environmental physiology emerges as the definitive reference for the field. Forty internationally respected experts review the primary data, examine current research trends, and identify productive avenues for future research.
Download or read book The Hologenome Concept Human Animal and Plant Microbiota written by Eugene Rosenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundbreaking research over the last 10 years has given rise to the hologenome concept of evolution. This concept posits that the holobiont (host plus all of its associated microorganisms) and its hologenome (sum of the genetic information of the host and its symbiotic microorganisms), acting in concert, function as a unique biological entity and therefore as a level of selection in evolution. All animals and plants harbor abundant and diverse microbiota, including viruses. Often the amount of symbiotic microorganisms and their combined genetic information far exceed that of their host. The microbiota with its microbiome, together with the host genome, can be transmitted from one generation to the next and thus propagate the unique properties of the holobiont. The microbial symbionts and the host interact in a cooperative way that affects the health of the holobiont within its environment. Beneficial microbiota protects against pathogens, provides essential nutrients, catabolizes complex polysaccharides, renders harmful chemicals inert, and contributes to the performance of the immune system. In humans and animals, the microbiota also plays a role in behavior. The sum of these cooperative interactions characterizes the holobiont as a unique biological entity. Genetic variation in the hologenome can be brought about by changes in either the host genome or the microbial population genomes (microbiome). Evolution by cooperation can occur by amplifying existing microbes, gaining novel microbiota and by acquiring microbial and viral genes. Under environmental stress, the microbiome can change more rapidly and in response to more processes than the host organism alone and thus influences the evolution of the holobiont. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and phage therapy are discussed as applied aspects of the hologenome concept.
Download or read book Ecology and Applications of Cutaneous Mechanisms of Resistance to Amphibian Chytridiomycosis written by Emily E. Nebergall and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibian biodiversity is in rapid global decline, due in part to the fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Susceptibility to Bd and chytridiomycosis varies between species and populations. Skin peptides and symbiotic skin bacteria appear to be important mechanisms of Bd resistance. However, not much is known about the ways in which these mechanisms vary between species and locations or about the relative importance of these mechanisms to different amphibian species. This thesis sought to explore the ecology and applications of mechanisms of resistance to Bd. In the second chapter, I use an information theoretic approach to investigate the source of intraspecies and interspecies variation in three measures of predicted resistance against chytridiomycosis: skin peptide inhibition of Bd, skin peptide quantity, and prevalence of Bd-inhibitory bacteria. I collected peptide and bacterial samples from three amphibian species in Mt. Rainier National Park, which is characterized by landscape heterogeneity and low connectivity and hence is likely to produce high variability between amphibian populations in different park regions. I found that skin peptide defenses may vary primarily by species, whereas anti-Bd skin bacteria may vary primarily by location. In the third chapter, I investigate the feasibility of using anti- Bd bacteria to bioaugment an endangered amphibian species, Rana chiricahuensis, against infection with Bd. I screened skin bacterial communities from wild R. chiricahuensis for anti- Bd bacteria and selected Pseudomonas fluorescens as an experimental bioaugmentation agent. I tested P. fluorescens alongside Janthinobacterium lividum in Bd challenges studies with wild adult R. chiricahuensis. Results of these studies do not indicate bioaugmentation with either of these two bacteria as a feasible Bd management strategy for R. chiricahuensis.
Download or read book Host Microbe Interactions written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Host-Microbe Interactions, the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology series, provides a forum for the discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their respective fields, along with abundant references. This volume is dedicated to the subject of host-microbe interactions. Provides the latest research on host-microbe interactions, including new discoveries, approaches, and ideas Contains contributions from leading authorities on topics relating to molecular biology Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology written by Larry L. Barton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative overview of the ecological activities of microbes in the biosphere Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology presents a broad overview of microbial activity and microbes' interactions with their environments and communities. Adopting an integrative approach, this text covers both conventional ecological issues as well as cross-disciplinary investigations that combine facets of microbiology, ecology, environmental science and engineering, molecular biology, and biochemistry. Focusing primarily on single-cell forms of prokaryotes — and cellular forms of algae, fungi, and protozoans — this book enables readers to gain insight into the fundamental methodologies for the characterization of microorganisms in the biosphere. The authors draw from decades of experience to examine the environmental processes mediated by microorganisms and explore the interactions between microorganisms and higher life forms. Highly relevant to modern readers, this book examines topics including the ecology of microorganisms in engineered environments, microbial phylogeny and interactions, microbial processes in relation to environmental pollution, and many more. Now in its second edition, this book features updated references and major revisions to chapters on assessing microbial communities, community relationships, and their global impact. New content such as effective public communication of research findings and advice on scientific article review equips readers with practical real-world skills. Explores the activities of microorganisms in specific environments with case studies and actual research data Highlights how prominent microbial biologists address significant microbial ecology issues Offers guidance on scientific communication, including scientific presentations and grant preparation Includes plentiful illustrations and examples of microbial interactions, community structures, and human-bacterial connections Provides chapter summaries, review questions, selected reading lists, a complete glossary, and critical thinking exercises Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology is an ideal textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in biology, microbiology, ecology, and environmental science, while also serving as a current and informative reference for microbiologists, cell and molecular biologists, ecologists, and environmental professionals.