Download or read book Ecological Response of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Reconstructed Soils in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region written by Tyrel Hemsley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Global Forests written by Enzai Du and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-22 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in Global Forests: Spatial Variation, Impacts, and Management Implications provides the most comprehensive knowledge on spatial variation and ecological impacts of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests, as well as forest management options to mitigate the negative impacts. Written and edited by international experts in the field, this book synthesizes recent research developments and insights in monitoring and modeling nitrogen deposition in global forests. The book also assesses ecological impacts of enhanced nitrogen deposition on forest structure and function and responses of forest ecosystems to decreasing nitrogen deposition in regions such as the European Union and North America. Finally, the book reviews indicators and thresholds for nitrogen saturation in global forests and analyzes remediation options to reduce impacts of excess nitrogen deposition. This is an important resource for researchers in forestry and biodiversity conservation, as well as graduate students, policymakers and others who want to understand environmental issues of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests. Offers a systematic view of the ecological impacts of enhanced nitrogen deposition Provides the most comprehensive knowledge on spatial variation and the ecological impacts of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests Presents expert research and findings on forest management options to remediate negative impacts

Download or read book A Dynamic Modelling Assessment of the Chemical Response of Soils and Surface Waters to Changes in Sulphur and Nitrogen Deposition in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region written by Colin J. Whitfield and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biogeochemical Responses to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in Subalpine Ecosystems of the Cascades written by Justin Paul Poinsatte and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examined the influence of snow regime on subalpine ecosystem C and N cycling at Mount Rainier under ambient conditions and in climate change scenarios. Timing of snow release influenced ecosystem C and N storage and loss. Climate change may reduce snow accumulation by up to 80% at Mount Rainier by 2050. Snowpack loss may enhance ecosystem C and N accumulation during the growing season and increase winter N leaching.

Download or read book Partitioning of Atmospheric Nitrogen Under Long term Reduced Atmospheric Deposition Conditions in a Norway Spruce Forest Ecosystem written by Zhuo Feng and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2010 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past century, anthropogenic activities have increased N input drastically to terrestrial ecosystems and influenced the global N cycle. Especially temperate forest ecosystems are affected in their productivity, species composition, soil chemistry and water quality. N input to forest ecosystems is retained in trees and soil. Excessive N is leached out or released as gases. The retention of N input in soils is mainly influenced by the stability of soil organic matter (SOM). Many forests in central Europe and North America have been subjected to N saturation, i.e. excessive N appeared as nitrate in the leachate below the rooting zone. Reduction of atmospheric N emission and consequent atmospheric N deposition is proposed to be the only practical long-term solution to improve N-saturated forest ecosystems. However, responses of N-saturated forest ecosystems to reduced atmospheric N deposition have been seldom investigated. In the present study, atmospheric deposition was manipulated through roof constructions below the canopy of a mature Norway spruce forest on the Solling plateau in central Germany. A £^(5)N tracer field and a density fractionation laboratory experiment were conducted in the present study to investigate the influence of long-term reduced atmospheric N deposition on the partitioning of atmospheric N in different forest ecosystem compartments as well as on the partitioning of atmospheric N retained in the soil in different SOM pools.

Download or read book Responses of Microbial Communities to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Within Different Soil Horizons in High Arctic Tundra written by Aimeric Blaud and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arctic environments are subject to acute nitrogen deposition events, in which 40% or more of annual atmospheric N input can be deposited as acidic rainfall in less than one week. The overall aim of this research was to investigate the impact of acute N deposition events upon soil microbial communities in High Arctic tundra. A plot scale field experiment, established on the High Arctic tundra (Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard), and a microcosm experiment, were used to simulate acute N deposition over the summer by the application of NH4NO3 solution at ~pH 4, at rates of 0.4, 4 and 12 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Changes in soil characteristics were measured on soil samples from the organic and mineral horizons. Variation in the structure and abundance of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities and in the presence and abundance of N-cycling functional guilds were investigated using molecular (DNA)-based approaches such as Terminal Restriction Fragment Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and quantitative-PCR. T-RFLP analysis revealed significant (P

Download or read book Boreal Peatland Ecosystems written by R.K. Wieder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first truly ecosystem-oriented book on peatlands. It adopts an ecosystems approach to understanding the world's boreal peatlands. The focus is on biogeochemical patterns and processes, production, decomposition, and peat accumulation, and it provides additional information on animal and fungal diversity. A recurring theme is the legacy of boreal peatlands as impressive accumulators of carbon as peat over millennia.

Download or read book Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis written by M.R. Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated and revised, this second edition of the bestselling Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis presents several new chapters in the areas of biological and physical analysis and soil sampling. Reflecting the burgeoning interest in soil ecology, new contributions describe the growing number and assortment of new microbiological

Download or read book Environmental Controls on Carbon Sequestration in a Saline Boreal Peat forming Wetland in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region written by Olena Volik and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saline boreal fens represent potential models for post-mining landscape reclamation in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) (Canada) where wetland construction is challenged by salinization. One of the key indicators of reclamation success is the accumulation of organic carbon within constructed fens, and a better understanding of the drivers of carbon sequestration in natural saline fens can be useful for advancing fen construction in this region. As such, this thesis aims to determine the main environmental controls on carbon uptake and its long-term storage in a saline boreal fen near Fort McMurray (Alberta, Canada) by: 1) reconstructing past salinity change; 2) determining relations between reconstructed salinity, hydrological conditions, vegetation and organic matter accumulation rates (OMAR) over the last ~100 years in open-water areas (ponds) within the fen; 3) investigating the effects of salinity, vegetation and hydrology on the long-term apparent rate of carbon accumulation (LARCA) within the peatland; and 4) assessing CO2 fluxes within the peatland and open-water areas. Past salinity change was investigated using paleolimnological analysis of sediment cores from three ponds situated within the fen. Salinity fluctuations were reconstructed using weighted-averaging transfer functions based on diatoms and an environmental dataset from 32 saline boreal ponds. Results reveal complex “precipitation - surface water - groundwater” interactions associated with differences in the hydrologic functioning of the studied ponds, and their connectivity with shallow groundwater aquifers and adjacent wetlands. Relationships between cumulative departure from mean precipitation (CDLM) and diatom-inferred (DI) salinity suggest that precipitation may control salinity both directly and indirectly. In ponds recharged predominantly by meteoric water, precipitation may govern salinity directly by dilution of salt content in water, so that increases in precipitation result in a salinity decline. In ponds situated within a saline groundwater discharge zone, salinity may be influenced by precipitation indirectly through recharge of the saline aquifer, so increases in precipitation lead to rises in salinity. Our study suggests that complex DI-salinity response to precipitation change, coupled with notable range of DI-salinity fluctuation within natural saline fens should be considered while designing saline constructed wetlands and predicting their potential resilience under climate change. Median OMAR (181 g m-2 yr-1) of the site suggests that ponds situated within saline boreal fens OMAR comparable to freshwater boreal and subarctic ponds, and reconstructed salinity levels (3-21 ppt) did not severely affect organic matter accumulation. Strong significant positive (Lager Pond), strong significant negative (South Pond), and weak insignificant (Pilsner Pond) correlations between OMAR and DI-salinity were observed, suggesting that relations between organic matter accumulation and salt content are not straightforward, and salinity was not the main control on OMAR. Macrofossil data showed that OM accumulation was mainly driven by water level, type of primary producers and pond regime. OMAR was the highest during the transition from peatland to ponds due to low decomposition rates resulting from high inputs of relatively resistant plant litter, and anoxic conditions. A macrophyte-dominated pond regime was associated with higher OMAR relative to phytoplankton-dominated regime. LARCA within the fen was studied using two peat sediment cores. Changes in LARCA in the less saline part of the fen correlate well with water table fluctuations and seem not to be affected by low salinity (EC 5 mScm-1). The highest LARCA values are related to wet conditions; however, prolonged inundations coupled with high salinity (EC10 mScm-1) appear to have negative effect on LARCA. In the southern more saline part of the fen relationships between LARCA and hydrology are complicated by salinity probably through the impact on the net primary productivity. The influence of salinity on LARCA is determined by salinity level, and there is a threshold value (probably 10 mScm-1) after which salinity can significantly affect “LARCA - hydrology” links. Mean LARCA of the site (19.7 gm-2 yr-1) is lower than in western continental fens, but it is comparable to the average rate reported for western Canadian peatlands. The northern less saline part of the fen has LARCA of 29.67 gm-2 yr-1 that is close to LARCA in rich fens, but LARCA in the southern part is considerably lower (9.79 gm-2yr-1). Environmental controls on net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (R), and gross primary productivity (GEP) within the fen were studied using community-scale CO2 measurements along a salinity gradient. Strong positive correlations between NEE, GEP, leaf area index (LAI), and vegetation biomass within terrestrial areas and strong positive correlation between GEP and vegetation density within aquatic areas illustrated importance of vegetation properties for carbon uptake. CO2 fluxes within peatland were driven primary by water table depth, and electrical conductivity as revealed by strong negative correlations between these variables and NEE, GEP, and R. Links between CO2 exchange and environmental factors were influenced by microtopographical differences, and additional controls (e.g., soil moisture, availability of magnesium, manganese and calcium) on NEE, GEP, and R were found within depressions. Strong negative correlation between R and water table depth (WTD), coupled with strong positive correlation between R and belowground biomass within ridges and no significant correlation between WTD and R within depressions possibly suggested predominance of root and/ or root-associated microbial respiration within depressions and prevalence of microbial respiration within ridges. Within open water areas, GEP and R were related to phosphate concentration as suggested by strong positive correlation. In contrast to terrestrial areas, EC had no relations to CO2 fluxes, and higher GEP was found in mesosaline ponds comparatively to hyposaline ones. This study revealed importance of development of appropriate planting schemes for terrestrial and open-water.

Download or read book Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments written by H. John B. Birks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-06 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical and statistical methods have rapidly become part of a palaeolimnologist’s tool-kit. They are used to explore and summarise complex data, reconstruct past environmental variables from fossil assemblages, and test competing hypotheses about the causes of observed changes in lake biota through history. This book brings together a wide array of numerical and statistical techniques currently available for use in palaeolimnology and other branches of palaeoecology. ​ Visit http://extras.springer.com the Springer's Extras website to view data-sets, figures, software, and R scripts used or mentioned in this book.

Download or read book Alberta Oil Sands written by Kevin E Percy and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At 170 billion barrels, Canada's Oil Sands are the third largest reserves of developable oil in the world. The Oil Sands now produce about 1.6 million barrels per day, with production expected to double by 2025 to about 3.7 million barrels per day. The Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) in northeastern Alberta is the largest of the three oil sands deposits. Bitumen in the oil sands is recovered through one of two primary methods - mining and drilling. About 20 per cent of the reserves are close to the surface and can be mined using large shovels and trucks. Of concern are the effects of the industrial development on the environment. Both human-made and natural sources emit oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, trace elements and persistent organic compounds. Of additional concern are ground level ozone and greenhouse gases. Because of the requirement on operators to comply with the air quality regulatory policies, and to address public concerns, the not-for-profit, multi-stakeholder Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA) has since 1997 been closely monitoring air quality in AOSR. In 2008, WBEA assembled a distinguished group of international scientists who have been conducting measurements and practical research on various aspects of air emissions and their potential effects on terrestrial receptors. This book is a synthesis of the concepts and results of those on-going studies. It contains 19 chapters ranging from a global perspective of energy production, measurement methodologies and behavior of various air pollutants during fossil fuel production in a boreal forest ecosystem, towards designing and deploying a multi-disciplinary, proactive, and long-term environmental monitoring system that will also meet regulatory expectations. Covers measurement of emissions from very large industrial sources in a region with huge international media profile Validation of measurement technologies can be applied globally The new approaches to ecological monitoring described can be applied in other forested regions

Download or read book Investigative Strategies for Lead Source Attribution at Superfund Sites Associated with Mining Activities written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Superfund program of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in the 1980s to address human-health and environmental risks posed by abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous-waste sites. Identification of Superfund sites and their remediation is an expensive multistep process. As part of this process, EPA attempts to identify parties that are responsible for the contamination and thus financially responsible for remediation. Identification of potentially responsible parties is complicated because Superfund sites can have a long history of use and involve contaminants that can have many sources. Such is often the case for mining sites that involve metal contamination; metals occur naturally in the environment, they can be contaminants in the wastes generated at or released from the sites, and they can be used in consumer products, which can degrade and release the metals back to the environment. This report examines the extent to which various sources contribute to environmental lead contamination at Superfund sites that are near lead-mining areas and focuses on sources that contribute to lead contamination at sites near the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District. It recommends potential improvements in approaches used for assessing sources of lead contamination at or near Superfund sites.

Download or read book Effective Ecological Monitoring written by Gene Likens and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-term monitoring programs are fundamental to understanding the natural environment and managing major environmental problems. Yet they are often done very poorly and ineffectively. This second edition of the highly acclaimed Effective Ecological Monitoring describes what makes monitoring programs successful and how to ensure that long-term monitoring studies persist. The book has been fully revised and updated but remains concise, illustrating key aspects of effective monitoring with case studies and examples. It includes new sections comparing surveillance-based and question-based monitoring, analysing environmental observation networks, and provides examples of adaptive monitoring. Based on the authors’ 80 years of collective experience in running long-term research and monitoring programs, Effective Ecological Monitoring is a valuable resource for the natural resource management, ecological and environmental science and policy communities.

Download or read book Limnogeology Progress Challenges and Opportunities written by Michael R. Rosen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-24 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book honors the career of Professor Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch who was a pioneer and leader in the field of limnogeology since the 1980s. Her work was instrumental in guiding students and professionals in the field until her untimely death in 2016. This collection of chapters was written by her colleagues and students and recognize the important role that Professor Gierlowski-Kordesch had in advancing the field of limnogeology. The chapters show the breadth of her reach as these have been contributed from virtually every continent. This book will be a primary reference for scientists, professionals and graduate students who are interested in the latest advances in limnogeologic processes and basin descriptions in North and South America, Europe, Africa, and China. *Free supplementary material available online for chapters 3,11,12 and 13. Access by searching for the book on link.springer.com

Download or read book Ethical Oil written by Ezra Levant and published by McClelland & Stewart. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canada's "no. 1 defender of freedom of speech" and the bestselling author of Shakedown makes the timely and provocative case that when it comes to oil, ethics matter just as much as the economy and the environment. In 2009, Ezra Levant's bestselling book Shakedown revealed the corruption of Canada's human rights commissions and was declared the "most important public affairs book of the year." In Ethical Oil, Levant turns his attention to another hot-button topic: the ethical cost of our addiction to oil. While many North Americans may be aware of the financial and environmental price we pay for a gallon of gas or a barrel of oil, Levant argues that it is time we consider ethical factors as well. With his trademark candor, Levant asks hard-hitting questions: With the oil sands at our disposal, is it ethically responsible to import our oil from the Sudan, Russia, and Mexico? How should we weigh carbon emissions with human rights violations in Saudi Arabia? And assuming that we can't live without oil, can the development of energy be made more environmentally sustainable? In Ethical Oil, Levant exposes the hypocrisy of the West's dealings with the reprehensible regimes from which we purchase the oil that sustains our lifestyles, and offers solutions to this dilemma. Readers at all points on the political spectrum will want to read this timely and provocative new book, which is sure to spark debate.

Download or read book Climate Change and Water written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / Working Group Technical Support Unit and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Technical Paper addresses the issue of freshwater. Sealevel rise is dealt with only insofar as it can lead to impacts on freshwater in coastal areas and beyond. Climate, freshwater, biophysical and socio-economic systems are interconnected in complex ways. Hence, a change in any one of these can induce a change in any other. Freshwater-related issues are critical in determining key regional and sectoral vulnerabilities. Therefore, the relationship between climate change and freshwater resources is of primary concern to human society and also has implications for all living species. -- page vii.

Download or read book Restoration and Reclamation of Boreal Ecosystems written by Dale Vitt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the conceptual backbone and specific information necessary for the ecologically sound restoration and sustainable development of boreal ecosystems.