Download or read book Eco Efficient Repair of Concrete Infrastructures written by and published by . This book was released on 2018-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buildings and other structures have a convinced useful life, which depends on the specifications adopted. The large numbers of monuments, which are esteemed heritage structures, have stood well over a period of time. But some of these have shown signs of distress due to age, aggressive natural environment/industrial pollution etc. Further, distress gets aggravated due to overloading/ misuse of buildings. A few buildings have also failed due to faulty design / construction. Thus, Repairs & Rehabilitation of buildings are of vital importance. For many local governments the resulting challenges, such as extremely high demand for infrastructure investments, are amplified by persistent local issues such as rising informality, poverty and inequality within cities as well as global forces, including globalization, climate change and increasing natural and human-caused disasters and conflicts and high energy costs. The transition from a "traditional" to an eco-efficient building takes place more easily and with greater emphasis in the planning of new buildings, through the introduction of a high potential in terms of experimentation and applied research on building systems and components. The refurbishment of existing buildings raises several questions and presents considerable difficulties, especially when the intervention involves a building bearer of intrinsic meaning and historical, constructive and cultural values. Eco-efficient Repair and Rehabilitation of Concrete Infrastructures provides the state-of-the-art review on eco-efficient repair and rehabilitation of concrete infrastructure, focusing on essential design aspects, such as quality control, as well as lifecycle and cost analysis with a number of real world cases on repair and rehabilitation. This book provides a literature review on concrete repair materials, highlighting the current problems face by them. It covers concrete surface treatments, patch repair and FRP strengthening. The potential of geopolymers to overcome those limitations is analyzed. It aims to provide practical tools to city planners and decision makers for addressing these challenges. This book serves as a valuable guiding tool for students, civil and structural engineers, architects, structural designers, materials scientists, and contractors working in the construction industry.

Download or read book Eco efficient Repair and Rehabilitation of Concrete Infrastructures written by Fernando Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-03-22 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eco-efficient Repair and Rehabilitation of Concrete Infrastructures, Second Edition provides an updated state-of-the-art review on the latest advances in this important research field. The first section is brought fully up-to-date and focuses on deterioration assessment methods. Section two contains brand new chapters on innovative concrete repair and rehabilitation materials including: fly ash-based alkali-activated repair materials for concrete exposed to aggressive environments; repairing concrete structures with alkali-activated metakaolin mortars; concrete with micro encapsulated self-healing materials; concrete repaired with bacteria; concrete structures repaired with engineered cementitious composites; concrete repaired by electrodeposition; the assessment of concrete after repair operations and durability of concrete repair. The final section has also been amended to include six new chapters on design, Life-cycle cost analysis and life-cycle assessment. These chapters include maintenance strategies for concrete structures; a comparison of different repair methods; life cycle assessment of the effects of climate change on bridge deterioration; life-cycle-cost benefits of cathodic protection of concrete structures; life-cycle cost analyses for concrete bridges exposed to chlorides and life-cycle analysis of repair of concrete pavements. The book will be an essential reference resource for materials scientists, civil and structural engineers, architects, structural designers and contractors working in the construction industry. Covers the latest research findings on eco-efficient repair and rehabilitation of concrete infrastructures Provides comprehensive coverage from damage detection and assessment, to repair strategies and structural health monitoring Presents a diverse author base that offers insights on construction practice and employed technologies worldwide Includes an entire section on NDT, innovative repair, and rehabilitation materials, as well as case studies on lifecycle cost analysis and lifecycle assessment

Download or read book Nanotechnology in Eco efficient Construction written by Fernando Pacheco-Torgal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the latest technologies, Nanotechnology in eco-efficient construction provides an authoritative guide to the role of nanotechnology in the development of eco-efficient construction materials and sustainable construction. The book contains a special focus on applications concerning concrete and cement, as nanotechnology is driving significant development in concrete technologies. The new edition has 14 new chapters, including 3 new parts: Mortars and concrete related applications; Applications for pavements and other structural materials; and Toxicity, safety handling and environmental impacts. Civil engineers requiring an understanding of eco-efficient construction materials, as well as researchers and architects within any field of nanotechnology, eco-efficient materials or the construction industry will find this updated reference to be highly valuable. Addresses issues such as toxicity and LCA aspects New chapters covering safety handling on occupational exposure of nanoparticles and the assessment of personal exposure to airborne nanomaterials Discusses the effects of adding nano-particles on the durability and on the properties of geopolymers

Download or read book Life Cycle of Structures and Infrastructure Systems written by Fabio Biondini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-06-28 with total page 6293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life-Cycle of Structures and Infrastructure Systems contains the lectures and papers presented at IALCCE 2023- The Eighth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering, held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, 2-6 July, 2023. This book contains the full papers of 514 contributions presented at IALCCE 2023, including the Fazlur R. Khan Plenary Lecture, nine Keynote Lectures, and 504 technical papers from 45 countries. The papers cover recent advances and cutting-edge research in the field of life-cycle civil engineering, including emerging concepts and innovative applications related to life-cycle design, assessment, inspection, monitoring, repair, maintenance, rehabilitation, and management of structures and infrastructure systems under uncertainty. Major topics covered include life-cycle safety, reliability, risk, resilience and sustainability, life-cycle damaging processes, life-cycle design and assessment, life-cycle inspection and monitoring, life-cycle maintenance and management, life-cycle performance of special structures, life-cycle cost of structures and infrastructure systems, and life-cycle-oriented computational tools, among others. This Open Access Book provides both an up-to-date overview of the field of life-cycle civil engineering and significant contributions to the process of making more rational decisions to mitigate the life-cycle risk and improve the life-cycle reliability, resilience, and sustainability of structures and infrastructure systems exposed to multiple natural and human-made hazards in a changing climate. It will serve as a valuable reference to all concerned with life-cycle of civil engineering systems, including students, researchers, practicioners, consultants, contractors, decision makers, and representatives of managing bodies and public authorities from all branches of civil engineering.

Download or read book CIGOS 2021 Emerging Technologies and Applications for Green Infrastructure written by Cuong Ha-Minh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-28 with total page 1861 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the key role of green infrastructure (GI) in providing natural and ecosystem solutions, helping alleviate many of the environmental, social, and economic problems caused by rapid urbanization. The book gathers the emerging technologies and applications in various disciplines involving geotechnics, civil engineering, and structures, which are presented in numerous high-quality papers by worldwide researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and entrepreneurs at the 6th CIGOS event, 2021. Moreover, by sharing knowledge and experiences around emerging GI technologies and policy issues, the book aims at encouraging adoption of GI technologies as well as building capacity for implementing GI practices at all scales. This book is useful for researchers and professionals in designing, building, and managing sustainable buildings and infrastructure.

Download or read book Construction 4 0 written by Marco Casini and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in data acquisition technologies, digital information and analysis, automated construction processes, and advanced materials and products have finally started to move the construction industry - traditionally reluctant to innovation and slow in adopting new technologies - toward a new era. Massive changes are occurring because of the possibilities created by Building information modeling, Extended reality, Internet of Things, Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning, Big data, Nanotechnology, 3D printing, and other advanced technologies, which are strongly interconnected and are driving the capabilities for much more efficient construction at scale. Construction 4.0: Advanced Technology, Tools and Materials for the Digital Transformation of the Construction Industry provides readers with a state-of-the-art review of the ongoing digital transformation of the sector within the new 4.0 framework, presenting a thorough investigation of the emerging trends, technologies, and strategies in the fields of smart building design, construction, and operation and providing a comprehensive guideline on how to exploit the new possibilities offered by the digital revolution. It will be an essential reference resource for academic researchers, material scientists and civil engineers, undergraduate and graduate students, and other professionals working in the field of smart ecoefficient construction and cutting-edge technologies applied to construction. - Provides an overview of the Construction 4.0 framework to address the global challenges of the buildingsector in the 21st century and an in-depth analysis of the most advanced digital technologies and systems forthe operation and maintenance of infrastructure, real estate, and other built assets - Covers major innovations across the value chain, including building design, fabrication, construction, operationand maintenance, and end-of-life - Illustrates the most advanced digital tools and methods to support the building design activity, includinggenerative design, virtual reality, and digital fabrication - Presents a thorough review of the most advanced construction materials, building methods, and techniquesfor a new connected and automated construction model - Explores the digital transformation for smart energy buildings and their integration with emerging smartgrids and smart cities - Reflects upon major findings and identifies emerging market opportunities for the whole AECO sector

Download or read book Nanosensors for Smart Manufacturing written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanosensors for Smart Manufacturing provides information on the fundamental design concepts and emerging applications of nanosensors in smart manufacturing processes. In smart production, if the products and machines are integrated, embedded, or equipped with sensors, the system can immediately collect the current operating parameters, predict the product quality, and then feed back the optimal parameters to machines in the production line. In this regard, smart sensors and their wireless networks are important components of smart manufacturing. Nanomaterials-based sensors (nanosensors) offer several advantages over their microscale counterparts, including lower power consumption, fast response time, high sensitivity, lower concentration of analytes, and smaller interaction distance between sensors and products. With the support of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, neural networks, and ambient intelligence, sensor systems have become smarter. This is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about how nanoscale sensors can enhance smart manufacturing techniques and processes. - Outlines the smart nanosensor classes used in manufacturing applications - Shows how nanosensors are being used to make more efficient manufacturing systems - Assesses the major obstacles to designing nanosensor-based manufacturing systems at an industrial scale

Download or read book Eco efficient concrete written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of sealers is a common way of contributing to concrete durability. However, the most common ones are based on organic polymers which have some degree of toxicity. The regulation (EU) 305/2011 related to the construction Products regulation (CPR) emphasizes the need to reduce hazardous substances. Therefore, new low-toxicity forms to increase concrete durability are needed. Recent investigations in the field of biotechnology show the potential of bioinspired materials in the development of low toxic solutions. This chapter reviews current knowledge on the use of bacteria for concrete with enhanced durability. It covers the use of bacteria in concrete admixtures and also biomineralization in concrete surface treatments. Results from practical applications exposed to environmental conditions are still needed in order to confirm the importance of this new approach.

Download or read book Concrete Building the Foundations of Modern Civilization written by and published by Red Dot Publications. This book was released on 2023-09-27 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 285 pages In the world of civil engineering and construction, the book Concrete: Building the Foundations of Modern Civilization stands as an indispensable and comprehensive guide to the versatile and enduring material that has shaped the modern world. This meticulously researched and expertly crafted volume delves into every aspect of concrete, from its historical origins to its cutting-edge applications in seismic design, sustainability, and cultural heritage preservation. Key Features: Historical Journey: Embark on a captivating historical journey through the evolution of concrete, tracing its roots from ancient mud bricks to the grandeur of Roman engineering. Explore how the Renaissance rekindled interest in concrete and how innovative minds in the 18th and 19th centuries laid the foundation for modern concrete technology. Science and Formulas: Delve into the mathematics and formulas that underpin concrete production, design, and structural engineering. Gain a deep understanding of the calculations involved in mixing concrete, determining loads, and optimizing structural elements. Seismic and Structural Engineering: Navigate the intricate world of concrete seismic engineering and structural design. Learn about the principles of strength, ductility, and load combinations that are fundamental to designing earthquake-resistant structures. Explore seismic analysis methods, dynamic analysis techniques, and mathematical calculations essential for safeguarding buildings in earthquake-prone regions. Material Properties: Uncover the physical and chemical properties of concrete, from its strength and durability to density, porosity, and thermal behavior. Discover how concrete's properties are interconnected and balanced to meet specific project requirements. Environmental Considerations: Examine concrete's role in sustainable construction practices, energy efficiency, and waste reduction. Explore case studies of innovative projects that exemplify responsible concrete use. Cultural Heritage: Explore the intersection of concrete with cultural heritage preservation. Dive into case studies of iconic landmarks and historic structures that showcase the delicate art of restoring and maintaining concrete heritage. Ethical and Social Considerations: Reflect on the ethical dimensions of concrete construction, including labor and safety practices, community engagement, sustainable sourcing, and cultural sensitivity. Explore case studies that illustrate best practices in these areas. Concrete: Building the Foundations of Modern Civilization is a meticulously researched and elegantly written work that caters to professionals, students, and enthusiasts alike. Whether you're a seasoned engineer seeking to deepen your knowledge or a newcomer to the world of concrete, this book offers a captivating and informative journey through the material that has shaped our cities and societies for millennia. From the foundations of knowledge to the heights of innovation, it's a concrete exploration like no other. # Chapter 1: Introduction to Concrete Section 1: The Origins of Concrete Concrete's historical roots and early developments. Section 2: Composition of Concrete Detailed analysis of concrete's ingredients and their roles. Section 3: Properties of Concrete A thorough examination of concrete's physical and chemical properties. Section 4: Applications of Concrete Concrete's versatility in construction projects around the world. # Chapter 2: Concrete Manufacturing Section 1: Mixing and Batching Exploring the process of mixing concrete ingredients. Section 2: Curing and Setting Understanding how concrete solidifies and strengthens. Section 3: Reinforcement Techniques An overview of reinforcement methods for added strength. Section 4: Sustainable Concrete Eco-friendly approaches to concrete production. # Chapter 3: Concrete Testing and Quality Control Section 1: Laboratory Testing In-depth analysis of concrete quality through lab tests. Section 2: Non-Destructive Testing Methods to assess concrete without damaging structures. Section 3: Quality Standards International standards for ensuring concrete durability. Section 4: Preventing Concrete Failures Strategies to avoid common concrete-related problems. # Chapter 4: Structural Design with Concrete Section 1: Structural Mechanics The principles of designing concrete structures. Section 2: Formwork and Molding Creating molds for various concrete shapes and sizes. Section 3: Prestressed Concrete Innovative techniques for enhancing concrete's load-bearing capacity. Section 4: Architectural Concrete Using concrete as an aesthetic element in architecture. # Chapter 5: Advances in Concrete Technology Section 1: Self-Healing Concrete Cutting-edge research on concrete that repairs itself. Section 2: High-Performance Concrete The development of ultra-strong and durable concrete types. Section 3: 3D Printing with Concrete Revolutionizing construction through 3D printing technology. Section 4: Smart Concrete Concrete embedded with sensors for real-time monitoring. # Chapter 6: Concrete in Infrastructure Section 1: Bridges and Highways Concrete's role in building sturdy transportation networks. Section 2: Dams and Reservoirs Applications of concrete in water management projects. Section 3: Skyscrapers and Tall Buildings Challenges and innovations in building with concrete at great heights. Section 4: Underground Construction The use of concrete in tunneling and underground facilities. # Chapter 7: Environmental Impact of Concrete Section 1: Carbon Footprint Assessing concrete's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. ## Section 2: Sustainable Practices Efforts to reduce the environmental impact of concrete. Section 3: Recycling Concrete Methods for reusing and recycling concrete materials. Section 4: Future Sustainability Trends Anticipated advancements in eco-friendly concrete technology. # Chapter 8: Concrete in Extreme Conditions Section 1: Cold Weather Concreting Challenges and solutions in low-temperature environments. Section 2: Hot Weather Concreting Strategies for dealing with high-temperature conditions. Section 3: Seismic-Resistant Concrete Designing structures to withstand earthquakes. Section 4: Underwater Concrete Applications and techniques for working beneath water. # Chapter 9: Concrete in Art and Culture ## Section 1: Concrete in Sculpture Exploring the artistic use of concrete in sculptures. Section 2: Concrete in Architecture Architectural landmarks made of concrete around the world. Section 3: Cultural Significance Concrete's role in shaping cultural and historical narratives. Section 4: Public Art Installations Examples of concrete art installations in public spaces. # Chapter 10: Future Trends in Concrete Section 1: Nanotechnology in Concrete Emerging nanomaterials for enhancing concrete properties. Section 2: Artificial Intelligence in Construction How AI is revolutionizing concrete construction processes. Section 3: Bioconcrete Innovations in concrete that incorporate living organisms. Section 4: Space Exploration and Concrete Concrete's potential applications in extraterrestrial construction. # Chapter 11: Concrete in Transportation Section 1: Concrete Roads and Pavements The role of concrete in road construction and maintenance. Section 2: High-Speed Rail Infrastructure Concrete's importance in high-speed rail networks. Section 3: Airport Runways and Taxiways Applications of concrete in aviation infrastructure. Section 4: Ports and Harbors Concrete solutions for maritime transportation. # Chapter 12: Innovative Concrete Mixtures Section 1: Lightweight Concrete Exploring the properties and applications of lightweight concrete. Section 2: Fiber-Reinforced Concrete The benefits of adding fibers to enhance concrete strength. Section 3: High-Flow Concrete Improving workability and performance with high-flow concrete. Section 4: Colored and Decorative Concrete Using concrete as a design element with various colors and finishes. # Chapter 13: Sustainable Construction Practices Section 1: Green Building Certifications How concrete contributes to sustainable building certifications. Section 2: Energy-Efficient Concrete Innovations in concrete to improve energy efficiency. Section 3: Zero-Waste Construction Reducing waste in concrete construction projects. Section 4: Urban Heat Island Mitigation Concrete's role in mitigating heat islands in urban areas. # Chapter 14: Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Structures Section 1: Concrete Repair Methods Techniques for repairing damaged concrete structures. Section 2: Protective Coatings Using coatings to extend the life of concrete surfaces. Section 3: Corrosion Control Preventing and addressing corrosion in concrete. Section 4: Retrofitting for Strength Methods to strengthen existing concrete structures. # Chapter 15: Concrete in the Oil and Gas Industry Section 1: Offshore Platforms Concrete's use in constructing offshore drilling platforms. Section 2: Oil Well Cementing Applications of concrete in oil well construction. Section 3: Refineries and Petrochemical Plants Concrete's role in the infrastructure of these facilities. Section 4: Environmental Considerations Managing concrete-related environmental challenges in the industry. # Chapter 16: Concrete in Agriculture Section 1: Agricultural Infrastructure The use of concrete in farms and agricultural facilities. Section 2: Irrigation Systems Concrete's role in efficient water management in agriculture. Section 3: Storage Silos and Tanks Applications of concrete for storing agricultural products. Section 4: Sustainable Farming Practices How concrete supports environmentally friendly agriculture. # Chapter 17: Concrete in Healthcare Facilities Section 1: Hospital Construction The importance of concrete in building healthcare institutions. Section 2: Medical Research Facilities Concrete's role in constructing cutting-edge research centers. Section 3: Infection Control Using concrete to maintain sanitary healthcare environments. Section 4: Patient Comfort and Safety Design considerations for patient well-being in healthcare buildings. # Chapter 18: Concrete in Disaster Resilience Section 1: Disaster-Resistant Construction Designing structures to withstand natural disasters. Section 2: Emergency Shelter Construction Using concrete in the rapid construction of emergency shelters. Section 3: Post-Disaster Reconstruction Rebuilding communities with resilient concrete structures. Section 4: Lessons from Historic Disasters Analyzing past disasters to inform future concrete practices. # Chapter 19: Concrete and Cultural Heritage Section 1: Historic Preservation Preserving cultural landmarks made of concrete. Section 2: Restoration Techniques Methods for restoring aged concrete structures. Section 3: Museums and Cultural Centers Concrete's role in housing and displaying cultural artifacts. Section 4: Indigenous Concrete Traditions Exploring unique concrete practices of indigenous cultures. # Chapter 20: Ethical and Social Considerations Section 1: Labor and Safety Ensuring safe and ethical labor practices in concrete construction. Section 2: Community Engagement Involving communities in concrete projects and addressing their concerns. Section 3: Sustainable Sourcing Ethical considerations in the extraction of concrete materials. Section 4: Cultural Sensitivity Respecting cultural values when using concrete in diverse contexts. Addendum Concrete Seismic and Structural Engineering: Mathematical Aspects

Download or read book New Trends in Eco efficient and Recycled Concrete written by Jorge de Brito and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Trends in Eco-efficient and Recycled Concrete describes different recycled materials that have been used in eco-efficient concrete, reviewing previous publications to identify the most effective recycled materials to be applied in concrete manufacture. New trends on eco-efficient concrete are presented, filling a gap in the market. Sections cover various recycled materials applied in concrete production, present the latest on the lifecycle analysis of recycled aggregate concrete, detail new trends in recycled aggregate concrete research, and finally, present updates on upscaling the use of recycled aggregate concrete and structural reliability. Focuses on new trends in recycled aggregate concrete and its applications (rather than the more subjective ‘sustainability’ aspects) Contains very important contributions from researchers in eco-efficient concrete, including Chi Sun Poon, Jorge de Brito, Valeria Corinaldesi, Francisco Agrela, etc. Presents a ‘one stop’ reference for a graduate course on sustainable construction

Download or read book Concrete Repair and Maintenance Illustrated written by Peter H. Emmons and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1992-12-28 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From parking garages to roads and bridges, to structural concrete, this comprehensive book describes the causes, effects and remedies for concrete wear and failure. Hundreds of clear illustrations show users how to analyze, repair, clean and maintain concrete structures for optimal performance and cost effectiveness. This book is an invaluable reference for planning jobs, selecting materials, and training employees. With information organized in all-inclusive units for easy reference, this book is ideal for concrete specialists, general contractors, facility managers, civil and structural engineers, and architects.

Download or read book Development Durability Studies and Application of High Performance Green Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete HP G HyFRC for Sustainable Infrastructure and Energy Efficient Buildings written by Rotana Hay and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete-related construction industry consumes considerable amount of energy, resulting in large CO2 release into the atmosphere. Cement which is used as the main binder in concrete is energy intensive to produce and contributes about 7% to total global anthropogenic carbon emission. Infrastructure across the globe suffers from durability problems and requires frequent repair and maintenance. This brings about high direct cost for rehabilitation and unaccounted indirect cost resulted from loss of productive time, traffic congestion and diversion, and in the process more CO2 emission. In the meantime, buildings which are part of the overall civil infrastructure system require extensive amount of energy to keep the internal environment comfortable to users. The sector accounts for about 40% of global primary energy consumption. With increasing population and demand, actions from various building disciplines are needed to build a more sustainable industry. This research addresses these issues through the development of a new high performance fiber-reinforced concrete, its durability studies and its application to reduce operational energy in buildings. Durability is critical for infrastructure systems whose frequent maintenance and rehabilitation pose adverse impacts to the environment and add considerable costs to the economy. By accounting for sustainability aspects from materials conception to usage and disposal, this study encompasses the concept of sustainability through life cycle consideration. This represents a deviation from conventional sustainable approach where a focus is usually spent on reducing embodied energy of concrete composites. The first area of focus was on the development of a new concrete composite called high performance green hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HP-G-HyFRC) reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) micro- and hooked-end steel macrofibers. For easy construction and durability, the design criteria were defined to cover high workability, high strength and deflection hardening which is defined as an ability of the composite to carry increasing load after the first crack is formed. It was demonstrated that theoretical analysis could be used to limit the number of trials in determining the critical fiber volume fractions for the deflection hardening behavior in the composite. As compared to conventional self-consolidating concrete (SCC), fine aggregate over coarse aggregate ratio had to be increased in FRC for enhanced workability. Addition of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete especially fly ash helped to improve the composite's workability. This is attributed to fly ash's favorable fineness, size distribution and spherical shape which resulted in ball-bearing action provided to other concrete constituents. PVA microfibers controlled propagation of micro cracks inherent in concrete or formed during loading. They also provided toughening around steel fibers and ensured a gradual pullout of steel fibers. The synergy of PVA micro- and steel macrofibers led to a smooth deflection hardening behavior of the composite under flexure at a relatively low fiber volume fractions of 1.5% steel fibers and 0.15% PVA fibers. A study on corrosion performance of HP-G-HyFRC with accelerated corrosion test with an impressed current was then conducted. It was found that wide cracks ranging from 1.1 to 2 mm were observed in high performance concrete (HPC) without fibers. The presence of hybrid fibers in HP-G-HyFRC, on the other hand, reduced corrosion rates by half, attributable to crack bridging of fibers and the resulting formation of distributed cracks of small sizes. Also, under no applied current, all embedded steel rebars in HP-G-HyFRC were in the inactive corrosion zone even with the presence of 4% NaCl in the mixing water. Microscopic observation at steel-concrete interface showed a densification of corrosion products, which is postulated to limit iron dissolution and subsequently to reduce corrosion rates of the embedded bars. HP-G-HyFRC corrosion samples were also able to retain most of its strength after the accelerated corrosion tests. As corrosion resistance of HP-G-HyFRC was considered at a composite level, the effects of individual mix component such as slag and fibers on corrosion were yet unknown. The next area of focus was on the influence of high-volume slag as cement replacement, hybrid fibers and steel-concrete interface on corrosion of steel in concrete. The studies elaborated various phenomena observed in the corrosion study of HP-G-HyFRC and also provided a fundamental understanding of different concrete parameters on corrosion. It was found that due to shrinkage-induced cracking and possibly poor quality passive film due to the presence of reducing agents in concrete pore solutions, samples with 60% slag replacement and with no fiber reinforcement showed an early corrosion initiation and higher mass loss induced by the impressed current. Microstructural imaging showed that the samples with slag, despite having a higher gas permeability, showed a denser matrix but more continuous distributed microcracking in the matrix. This led to its poor ability to accommodate corrosion products at the interface and as a result the concrete experienced an early onset of cracking. Under the same regime of applied current, samples made of slag concrete also experienced higher gravimetric mass losses. This is attributed to a less stable passive film and more intense acidification at the interface due to a reduction in calcium hydroxide (CH) in the matrix. Also, an inclusion of hybrid fibers in concrete slightly increased concrete permeability although this did not adversely affect corrosion initiation performance of concrete. However, under propagation stage achieved by an induced current, hybrid fibers in concrete significantly reduced corrosion rates through confinement and densification of corrosion products at steel-concrete interface. The influence of interface qualities on corrosion of steel in concrete showed conflicting performance in corrosion initiation and propagation stages. It was found that higher porosity at the steel-concrete interface initiated an early corrosion. However, the porous interface could accommodate more corrosion products. This led to a smaller pressure buildup from the corrosion products and less damage to the surrounding concrete. As a result, smaller corrosion rates were observed in the samples with more porous interfaces after impressed current regimes. The finding helps to explain the more extensive damage in high performance concrete (HPC) as compared to normal strength concrete. This warrants the inclusion of fibers in HPC to extend the service life of structures constructed with the composite. The study ended with a proposed application of HP-G-HyFRC in an innovative double skin façade (DSF) system in place of a conventional solid façade system to enhance operational energy performance of buildings. It was found that although the DSF is more energy intensive and more costly to construct, it allowed for a full recovery of the additional embodied energy within the first year of operation and cost recovery within the first 6 years of operation. The overall study exemplifies a life-cycle consideration adopted for materials design, durability investigation and application to ensure more sustainable infrastructure and buildings for our society.

Download or read book Concrete in the Service of Mankind written by Ravindra Dhir and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete is ubiquitous and unique, found in every developed and developing country. Indeed, there are no alternatives to concrete as a volume construction material for infrastructure. This raises important questions of how concrete should be designed and constructed for cost effective use in the the short and long term, and to encourage further radical development. Equally, it must be environmentally friendly during manufacture, in an aesthetic presentation in structures and in the containment of harmful materials.; The central theme of the Congress is Concrete in the Service of Mankind, under which five self-contained Conferences, each dealing with a particular aspect, are planned. The Congress offers opportunity to discuss how to improve and extend this service to mankind using responsible exploitation, underwritten by sound technical understanding and research base. It brings together the shared skills and experience of the various disciplines involved in the construction process world wide.; This major publication continues the tradition established by Dundee University of organizing major international conferences every three years dealing with some aspect of concrete and also the link between Spon and Dundee University for publication of the proceedings.; This book should be of interest to concrete technologists; contractors; civil engineers; consultants; government agencies; research organizations.

Download or read book Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes written by Nayef Ghasem and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-09-19 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a clear, concise style, Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes provides an introduction to the basic principles and calculation techniques that are fundamental to the field. The text focuses on problems in material and energy balances in relation to chemical reactors and introduces software that employs numerical methods to solve these problems. Upon mastery of this material, readers will be able to: Understand basic processing terminology (batch, semibatch, continuous, purge, and recycle) and standard operations (reaction, distillation, absorption, extraction, and filtration) Draw and fully label a flowchart for a given process description Choose a convenient basis for calculation for both single- and multiple-unit processes Identify possible subsystems for which material and energy balances might be written Perform a degree of freedom analysis for the overall system and each possible subsystem, formulating the appropriate material and energy balance equations Apply the first law of thermodynamics, calculate energy and enthalpy changes, and construct energy balances on closed and open systems Written as a text to fully meet the needs of advanced undergraduate students, it is also suitable as a reference for chemical engineers with its wide coverage across the biochemical and electromechanical fields. Each chapter of the text provides examples, case studies, and end-of-chapter problems, and the accompanying CD-ROM contains software designed for solving problems in chemical engineering.

Download or read book Eco efficient Pavement Construction Materials written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-18 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eco-efficient Pavement Construction Materials acquaints engineers with research findings on new eco-efficient pavement materials and how they can be incorporated into future pavements. Divided into three distinctive parts, the book emphasizes current research topics such as pavements with recycled waste, pavements for climate change mitigation, self-healing pavements, and pavements with energy harvesting potential. Part One considers techniques for recycling, Part Two reviews the contribution of pavements for climate change mitigation, including cool pavements, the development of new coatings for high albedo targets, and the design of pervious pavements. Finally, Part Three focuses on self-healing pavements, addressing novel materials and design and performance. Finally, the book discusses the case of pavements with energy harvesting potential, addressing different technologies on this field. - Offers a clear and concise lifecycle assessment of asphalt pavement recycling for greenhouse gas emission with temporal aspects - Applies key research trends to green the pavement industry - Includes techniques for recycling waste materials, the design of cool pavements, self-healing mechanisms, and key steps in energy harvesting

Download or read book Concrete Repair Rehabilitation and Retrofitting IV written by Frank Dehn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume consists of papers focusing on repairing, maintaining, rehabilitating, and retrofitting of existing infrastructures to extend their life and maximize economic return. Moreover, structural performance and material durability are discussed. Contributions fall under the following headings: (i) Concrete durability aspects, (ii) Condition assessment of concrete structures, (iii) Modern materials technology, (iv) Concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting, (v) Performance and health monitoring, and (vi) Education, research and specifications. Major attention is paid to innovative materials for durable concrete construction, integrated service life modelling of reinforced concrete structures, NDE/NDT and measurement techniques, repair methods and materials, and structural strengthening and retrofitting techniques. For researchers and practitioners in structure and infrastructure engineering. Set of book of abstracts and a searchable full paper CD-ROM.

Download or read book Failure Distress and Repair of Concrete Structures written by Norb Delatte and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and recognising failure mechanisms in concrete is a fundamental pre-requisite to determining the type of repair, or whether a repair is feasible. This title provides a review of concrete deterioration and damage, as well as looking at the problem of defects in concrete. It also discusses condition assessment and repair techniques.Part one discusses failure mechanisms in concrete and covers topics such as causes and mechanisms of deterioration in reinforced concrete, types of damage in concrete structures, types and causes of cracking and condition assessment of concrete structures. Part two reviews the repair of concrete structures with coverage of themes such as standards and guidelines for repairing concrete structures, methods of crack repair, repair materials, bonded concrete overlays, repairing and retrofitting concrete structures with fiber-reinforced polymers, patching deteriorated concrete structures and durability of repaired concrete.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Failure and repair of concrete structures is a standard reference for civil engineers, architects and anyone working in the construction sector, as well as those concerned with ensuring the safety of concrete structures. - Provides a review of concrete deterioration and damage - Discusses condition assessment and repair techniques, standards and guidelines