Download or read book Eco balances for Policy Making in the Domain of Packaging and Packaging Waste written by Coopers & Lybrand and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was triggered by Article 10 of the packaging directive (94/62/EC) which states that the Commission shall promote, in particular, the preparation of European standards relating to, among others, criteria and methodologies for life cycle analysis of packaging.
Download or read book Environmental Policy Processes Surrounding South Africa s Plastic Bags Regulations Tensions Debates and Responses in Waste Product Regulation written by Godwell Nhamo and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2008-01-31 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted in South Africa. South Africa is the first country within the Southern African Development Community to have regulated plastic shopping bags waste through the imposition of both a standard on thickness and a levy. Given this scenario, the Plastic Bags Regulations present an illustrative case for researching complexity, uncertainty and controversies surrounding a new trend in environmental policy making, namely waste product regulation. The thesis focuses on understanding and investigating tensions, debates and responses emerging from the policy process as actors and actor-networks put not only the Plastic Bags Regulations into circulation as focal actant (token) but also other actants and actant-networks as well. To this end, a research question that addressed environmental policies, tensions, debates and responses that informed the development of South Africa s Plastic Bags Regulations was spelt out. The research objectives included the need to: (1) analyse selected international environmental policy processes surrounding plastic shopping bags litter and waste regulation and how these influenced developments in South Africa; (2) identify actors, actants and actor/actant-networks that shaped and were being transformed by South Africa s Plastic Bags Regulations and explain the tensions, debates and responses arising in the policy processes; (3) identify environmental policy outputs and assess outcomes emerging from the formulation and implementation of South Africa s Plastic Bags Regulations; and (4) establish patterns in environmental policy process reforms around South Africa s Plastic Bags Regulations. The language of actors (human), actants (non-human) and actor/actant-networks brings to the fore the aspects of processes and relationships that exist around them. As such, insights from the actor/actant-network theory (AANT) were drawn upon to inform the research. AANT enquiry framework collapses binaries such as nature/society, art/science, structure/agency and global/local historically associated with a particular type of social theory. AANT also denies that purely technical, scientific or social relations are possible (the notion of quasi-objects or token). Data sets were generated following the Plastic Bags Regulations as token actant with time frames ranging from prior to, during and after the formulation of the regulations. Similarly, data analysis drew insights from AANT s four moments of translation namely problematisation, interessement, enrolment and mobilisation, with the intervention theory providing an evaluative perspective that complemented AANT. The findings were that after the promulgation of the first draft of the Plastic Bags Regulations in May 2000, tensions emerged around the nature of regulation (whether command and control preferred by government or self regulation preferred by industry and labour). In this regard the latter group raised concerns about jobs, income and equipment loss as well as the need to have a holistic approach to waste management rather than targeting a single product at a time whilst the former maintained that this would not be so. As such, education, awareness and stringent antilitter penalties were proposed by industry and labour as sustainable responses to the problem of plastic shopping bags waste rather than regulation. These debates continued and resulted in minor amendments to the original regulations as finalised by Government in May 2002. However, industry and labour continued lobbying government resulting in the conclusion of the Plastic Bags Agreement in September 2002 and the ultimate repulsion of the May 2002 regulations in May 2003. As revealed by this research, these responses led to broader social responses and further tensions as demand for plastic shopping bags went down by about 80% although an estimated 1000 jobs were lost and a number of companies lost equipment and business (with some closing down) following the implementation of
Download or read book Food Packaging written by Gordon L. Robertson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-09-22 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and accessible textbook, Food Packaging: Principles and Practice, Second Edition presents an integrated approach to understanding the principles underlying food packaging and their applications. Integrating concepts from chemistry, microbiology, and engineering, it continues in the fine tradition of its bestselling predecessor - and has been completely updated to include new, updated, and expanded content. The author divides the book's subject matter into five parts for ease-of-use. The first part addresses the manufacture, properties, and forms of packaging materials, placing emphasis on those properties that influence the quality and shelf life of food. The second part then details the various types of deteriorative reactions that foods undergo, examines the extrinsic factors controlling their reaction rates, and discusses specific factors influencing shelf life and the methodology used to estimate that shelf life. Chapters on the aseptic packaging of foods, active and intelligent packaging, modified atmosphere packaging, and microwavable food packaging are explored in the third part, while the fourth part describes packaging requirements of the major food groups. The final section examines the safety and legislative aspects of food packaging. The book also includes over 300 industry abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols, and an expansive index. What's New in the Second Edition: Includes five new chapters and diagrams that explain recent developments in packaging materials and processes Provides the latest information on new and active packaging technologies Presents new, updated, and expanded references Adhering to the highly organized format that made the first edition so straightforward and informative, this latest edition of Food Packaging: Principles and Practice presents students with the most essential and cutting-edge information available. The author maintains a website with more information.
Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment in Industry and Business written by Paolo Frankl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1.1 Life Cycle Assessment (LeA): a fascinating and sophisticated tool The greening of the economy is not a new task, but it is a challenge for which a lot of tasks still have to be done. It is known that the main source of environ mental deterioration by industry is not any more the chimneys and other process related emissions, but the products and services produced. Products are regarded as carriers of polIution: they are not only a potential source of polIution and waste during their use; they are also a cause of resource depletion, energy consumption, and emissions du ring their life starting with the extraction of the raw materials and ending with their disposal (i.e. connecting production and consumption stages). The challenge of these decades is now the greening of products and services. The new focus on products (cp. OosterhuislRubik/ScholI 1996) was introduced as a policy approach of shared responsibility in which different actors are in volved along the life-cycle of a product, each having specific responsibilities.
Download or read book Official Journal of the European Communities written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Communities written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-07-07 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Solid Waste Management written by Forbes R. McDougall and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition described the concept of Integrated Waste Management (IWM), and the use of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) to provide a way to assess the environmental and economic performance of solid waste systems. Actual examples of IWM systems and published accounts of LCI models for solid waste are now appearing in the literature. To draw out the lessons learned from these experiences a significant part of this 2nd edition focuses on case studies - both of IWM systems, and of where LCI has been used to assess such systems. The 2nd edition also includes updated chapters on waste generation, waste collection, central sorting, biological treatment, thermal treatment, landfill and materials recycling. This 2nd edition also provides a more user-friendly model (IWM-2) for waste managers. To make it more widely accessible, this edition provides the new tool in Windows format, with greatly improved input and output features, and the ability to compare different scenarios. A detailed user's guide is provided, to take the reader through the use of the IWM-2 model, step by step. IWM-2 is designed to be an "entry level" LCI model for solid waste - user-friendly and appropriate to users starting to apply life cycle thinking to waste systems - while more expert users will also find many of the advanced features of the IWM-2 model helpful. IWM-2 is delivered on CD inside the book.
Download or read book Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Methodologies for Eco balances for Packaging and Packaging Waste written by Betty Gebers and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has a main objective to assess the further development of methodologies for eco-balances in the packaging and packaging waste sector in order to provide an overview of the current state of research in this area and formulate recommendations for new actions.
Download or read book Packaging Policy and the Environment written by Geoffrey M. Levy and published by Boom Koninklijke Uitgevers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book is an in-depth appraisal of the key environmental, policy, legislative and political issues for packaging and packaged products. In examining the most important public and political issues concerning packaging, policy and the environment today, Levy and his group of international experts discuss responses and activities in different parts of the world. The book covers critical topics such as integrated product policy and sustainable development, impact of legislative developments and economic instruments, life cycle assessment of packaging, recovery and recycling of materials, integrated solid waste management, and packaging and environmental policies in North America, Europe, Japan, Australia, Brazil, and South Africa. 'Packaging, Policy and the Environment' explores the vital and essential role that environmentally responsible packaging must play in all societies.
Download or read book Packaging Law Europe written by Patricia M. Bailey and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this work is to assist those who are interested in the varying packaging legislation of the European Union, whether for business or academic purposes. In addition, it also analyzes the proposed EU directive on packaging waste which has been debated since the late 1980s.
Download or read book Municipal Waste Management in Europe written by N. Buclet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nicolas Buclet Waste management issues can be approached in several ways. The question of which treatment technique to adopt is essentially a downstream problem. In our view the issue needed to be tackled further upstream. Waste management is not only a technical problem, it is also an area which involves various actors throughout society. In this book, as in the previous volume (Buclet, Godard, 2000), the organisation of waste management is seen in terms of regimes. A regime is an entire form ofinstitutional, technical, economic and social organisation relating to a specific field, no matter how complex that field is. Regime formation is generally a long-drawn-out process, rooted in the multiple interactions of the actors involved. Legislation plays a crucial role but would not, of itself, lead to the formation of a regime. There is always the old question of causality and which element occurs first: the behaviour of actors who constitute the reality, or the legislation that models their behaviour? Besides legislation, other formal or informal conventions influence the behaviour of actors approaching a common path, making co ordination easier between them. In this book we have insisted on conventional principles. They are the real guides for actors within each national regime.
Download or read book Green Urbanism written by Timothy Beatley and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the need to confront unplanned growth increases, planners, policymakers, and citizens are scrambling for practical tools and examples of successful and workable approaches. Growth management initiatives are underway in the U.S. at all levels, but many American "success stories" provide only one piece of the puzzle. To find examples of a holistic approach to dealing with sprawl, one must turn to models outside of the United States. In Green Urbanism, Timothy Beatley explains what planners and local officials in the United States can learn from the sustainable city movement in Europe. The book draws from the extensive European experience, examining the progress and policies of twenty-five of the most innovative cities in eleven European countries, which Beatley researched and observed in depth during a year-long stay in the Netherlands. Chapters examine: the sustainable cities movement in Europe examples and ideas of different housing and living options transit systems and policies for promoting transit use, increasing bicycle use, and minimizing the role of the automobile creative ways of incorporating greenness into cities ways of readjusting "urban metabolism" so that waste flows become circular programs to promote more sustainable forms of economic development sustainable building and sustainable design measures and features renewable energy initiatives and local efforts to promote solar energy ways of greening the many decisions of local government including ecological budgeting, green accounting, and other city management tools. Throughout, Beatley focuses on the key lessons from these cities -- including Vienna, Helsinki, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Zurich, Amsterdam, London, and Berlin -- and what their experience can teach us about effectively and creatively promoting sustainable development in the United States. Green Urbanism is the first full-length book to describe urban sustainability in European cities, and provides concrete examples and detailed discussions of innovative and practical sustainable planning ideas. It will be a useful reference and source of ideas for urban and regional planners, state and local officials, policymakers, students of planning and geography, and anyone concerned with how cities can become more livable.
Download or read book The Interaction of Food Industry and Environment written by Charis M. Galanakis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Interaction of Food Industry and Environment addresses all levels of interaction, paying particular attention to avenues for responsible operational excellence in food production and processing. Written at a scientific level, this book explores many topics relating to the food industry and environment, including environmental management systems, environmental performance evaluation, the correlation between food industry, sustainable diets and environment, environmental regulation on the profitability of sustainable water use in the food industry, lifecycle assessment, green supply chain network design and sustainability, the valorization of food processing waste via biorefineries, food-energy-environment trilemma, wastewater treatment, and much more. Readers will also find valuable information on energy production from food processing waste, packaging and food sustainability, the concept of virtual water in the food industry, water reconditioning and reuse in the food industry, and control of odors in the food industry. This book is a welcomed resource for food scientists and technologists, environmentalists, food and environmental engineers and academics. Addresses the interaction between the food industry and environment at all levels Focuses on the past decade’s advances in the field Provides a guide to optimize the current food industry’s performance Serves as a resource for anyone dealing with food and environmental science and technology Includes coverage of a variety of topics, including performance indicators, the correlation between the food industry, sustainable diets and the environment, environmental regulations, lifecycle assessments, green supply chain networks, and more
Download or read book Emerging Trends to Approaching Zero Waste written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-04 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Trends to Approaching Zero Waste: Environmental and Social Perspectives thoroughly examines the impact of various technological innovations, current guidelines and social awareness on the reduction of waste, with the ultimate aim of achieving the zero-waste target. Insights in the book will help users adopt the best possible methodologies at grass-root levels and show how modern societal procedures are becoming sustainable, with a goal of zero waste. It comprehensively discusses the scientific contributions of the environmental and social sector, along with the tools and technologies available for achieving the zero-waste targets. This book is the first step toward understanding state-of-the-art practices in making the zero-waste goal a reality. It will be especially beneficial to researchers, academics, upper-level students, waste managers, engineers and managers of industries researching or hoping to implement zero-waste techniques. Uses fundamental, interdisciplinary and state-of-the-art coverage of zero waste research to provide an integrated approach to tools, methodology and indicators for waste minimization Presents a unique look at environmental and social perspectives, challenges and solutions to zero waste Includes up-to-date references and web resources at the end of each chapter, as well as a webpage dedicated to providing supplementary information
Download or read book The Need for a National Materials Policy written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works. Panel on Materials Policy and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Greening the Corporation written by Peter Thayer Robbins and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate responses to environmental challenges are often held directly or indirectly responsible for significant worldwide environmental destruction. Corporations are beginning to respond to environmental and social concerns and are taking these into account. This process, known as the greening of the corporation is fraught with contradictions since the foremost aim of corporations is to earn profits. Robbins analyses the approaches of four major international companies: ARCO Chemical; Ben & Jerry's; Shell; and The Body Shop.
