Download or read book Early Survival and Growth Performance of Two Oak Species and Three Planting Stocks on Hurricane Katrina Disturbed Lands written by John Alec Conrad (III) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Survival and growth of two oak species, live oak (Quercus virginiana) and Nuttall oak (Quercus texana), and three planting stocks: 1-0 bareroot, conventional containerized, and Root Production Method (RPMTM) seedlings were compared. Conventional containerized live oak and bareroot Nuttall oak seedlings exhibited greatest survival. RPMTM seedlings exhibited the lowest survival in both species. Conventional containerized seedlings exhibited greater groundline diameter (GLD) growth and twice as much height growth as bareroot seedlings during the first year. During the second year, conventional containerized seedlings exhibited greater GLD growth than bareroot seedlings in live oak, but in Nuttall oak, bareroot seedlings exhibited greater GLD growth. RPMTM seedlings exhibited similar GLD growth compared to bareroot seedlings during both years but the least height growth of all planting stocks, regardless of species. Height growth of bareroot and conventional containerized seedlings was similar after two years.

Download or read book Early Growth and Survival of Two Oak Species and Three Planting Stocks on Lands Disturbed by Hurricane Katrina written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On two sites in south Mississippi, growth and survival of two oak species, Shumard oak ( Quercus shumardii ) and swamp chestnut oak ( Quercus michauxii ), and three planting stocks: 1-0 bareroot, conventional containerized, and EKOgrown® seedlings, were compared and evaluated for two years. Survival was assessed monthly during the first growing season and at the end of each growing season. Height and groundline diameter were assessed initially after planting and at the end of each growing season. After two growing seasons, Shumard oak exhibited superior performance generally when compared to swamp chestnut oak. EKOgrown® seedlings had poor survival likely caused by negative influences of competing vegetation. Bareroot seedlings performed better than other planting stocks, additionally, the cost efficacy of these seedlings justifies why bareroot planting stocks are superior in most cases of artificial regeneration of hardwoods.

Download or read book Survival and Growth Performance of Two Oak Species and Three Planting Stocks on Lands Disturbed by Hurricane Katrina written by Andrew Dees Dowdy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Survival and growth of two oak species, water oak (Quercus nigra) and swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), and three planting stocks: 1-0 bareroot, conventional containerized, and EKOgrownTM seedlings were compared for two growing seasons. Conventional containerized seedlings had the best survival. Bareroot seedlings had the second highest survival and EKOTM seedlings had the lowest at the end of two growing seasons. Conventional containerized planting stock exhibited greater groundline diameter (GLD) growth for both species at the end of the first growing season compared to bareroot and EKOTM planting stock. Bareroot seedlings had similar GLD growth to EKOTM seedlings for both years. Conventional containerized seedlings height differed in water oak but did not differ in swamp chestnut oak at the end of year two compared to bareroot seedlings. EKOTM seedlings exhibited severe dieback at the end of both growing seasons and the least amount of height growth.

Download or read book Early Growth and Survival of Two Oak Species and Three Planting Stocks on Lands Disturbed by Hurricane Katrina written by Tyler Durbin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On two sites in south Mississippi, growth and survival of two oak species, Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii) and swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), and three planting stocks: 1-0 bareroot, conventional containerized, and EKOgrown® seedlings, were compared and evaluated for two years. Survival was assessed monthly during the first growing season and at the end of each growing season. Height and groundline diameter were assessed initially after planting and at the end of each growing season. After two growing seasons, Shumard oak exhibited superior performance generally when compared to swamp chestnut oak. EKOgrown® seedlings had poor survival likely caused by negative influences of competing vegetation. Bareroot seedlings performed better than other planting stocks, additionally, the cost efficacy of these seedlings justifies why bareroot planting stocks are superior in most cases of artificial regeneration of hardwoods.

Download or read book Assessing the Early Growth Performance and Survival of Two Oak Species and Three Planting Stocks on Hurricane Katrina Damaged Land written by Charles Holden Miles and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bareroot, conventional containerized, and large potted EKOgrownTM seedlings of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) and willow oak (Quercus phellos L.) were planted on two sites located in south Mississippi. After two growing seasons, willow oak exhibited greater survival (74.0 percent) overall when compared to cherrybark oak (70.5 percent). Bareroot seedlings had the highest survival (87.2 percent). Conventional containerized seedlings had unacceptable survival (47.5 percent) and EKOgrownTM seedlings had acceptable survival (82.0 percent). EKOgrownTM seedlings demonstrated the best overall GLD growth of all planting stocks (3.9 mm respectively). Bareroot seedlings had the second best overall GLD growth (1.5 mm) and conventional containerized had the least amount of overall GLD growth (0.8 mm). Overall height growth was similar for all three planting stocks. Based on an overall consideration of cost and performance, bareroot seedlings are considered the most effective option of the two species considered for artificial regeneration utilized in this study.

Download or read book Assessing Two Year Growth and Survival of Two Oak Species and Three Planting Stocks on Hurricane Katrina Damaged Land written by Andrew Taylor Hall and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricane Katrina made landfall in 2005 damaging 1.2 billion cubic meters of timber including 48 million cubic meters of hardwood. An economically efficient method of artificial oak regeneration is necessary in many areas to restore this high value resource. Bareroot, conventional containerized, and EKOgrown® seedlings of Quercus shumardii and Q. texana were planted on two sites in south Mississippi. Growth and survival were evaluated for two years. Survival was assessed monthly and at the end of each growing season. Height and groundline diameter were assessed initially after planting and the end of each growing season. After two growing seasons, Q. Nuttallii exhibited superior performance generally when compared to Q. Shumardii. Conventional containerized had poor survival and initial growth likely caused by freeze damage in the nursery. EKOgrown® seedlings performed better than other planting stocks, however, high seedling cost makes them less cost-effective than bareroot seedlings which exhibited acceptable performance overall.

Download or read book Survival and Growth of Three Oak Planting Stocks on Hurricane Katrina Disturbed Lands written by Damon Hollis and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three types of oak planting stock were evaluated to determine their influence on survival and initial growth. Planting stocks utilized include conventional containerized seedlings with a 240 cm3 container, 1-0, bare-root seedlings, and Root Production Method (RPM [TM]) seedlings with a 11.4 L container. Initially after outplanting and at the conclusion of the first and second growing seasons, height, groundline diameter (GLD), and survival were assessed. Study sites are located in southern Mississippi on lands disturbed by Hurricane Katrina. Species planted were swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii Nutt.) and Nuttall oak (Q. texana Palmer). A total of 3,600 seedlings were planted in this study: 300 seedlings for each of the six planting stock/species combinations per site. Statistical comparisons of growth and survival among species and planting stock types were performed. RPM [TM] and bare-root planting stocks exhibited similar growth and survival, while the conventional container stock had significantly lower growth and survival.

Download or read book Comparing Survival and Growth Among Three Different Planting Stocks of Water Oak Quercus Nigra and White Oak Quercus Alba on Lands Damaged by Hurricane Katrina written by Austin S. Gentry and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bareroot, conventional containerized, and large potted EKOgrown® seedlings of water oak (Quercus nigra) and white oak (Q. alba) were planted on two Hurricane Katrina damaged sites in south Mississippi. After two growing seasons, white oak exhibited greater survival (61.1%) than water oak (48.8%) and greater height growth (WHO = 7.4 cm, WAO = 1.4 cm). Water oak had greater groundline diameter (GLD) growth (3.3 mm) and greater second-year height growth (WHO = 2.5 cm, WAO = 9.6 cm). Second-year development could lead to greater height growth by water oak. Bareroot seedlings outperformed other planting stocks in survival and height growth, but EKO seedlings exhibited greater GLD growth. Even though EKO seedlings had greatest GLD growth, they exhibited the least overall height growth of all planting stocks (1.9 cm). Based on seedling cost and performance in this study, planting bareroot seedlings are the most efficient method to artificially regenerate oak forests.

Download or read book Comparison of Two Planting Stocks and Two Species for Regenerating Oak Seedlings on Hurricane Katrina Impacted Sites written by Michael Madden and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many bottomland hardwood stands in southern Mississippi lacked management prior to Hurricane Katrina. Following removal of overstory oaks, no seed source was available to naturally regenerate these stands. Artificial regeneration became the most viable option, but information was lacking on how to successfully reestablish thousands of acres of bottomland forests quickly and successfully. Bareroot and conventional containerized seedlings of Nuttall oak (Quercus texana) and swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii) were planted on two sites in southern Mississippi. After two growing season’s Nuttall oak exhibited similar survival to (93.4%), better groundline diameter growth (13.0 mm) than, and better height growth (68.8 cm) than swamp chestnut oak (92.5%, 6.6 mm, 43.9 cm, respectively). Bareroot seedlings had the highest survival (94.5%), best groundline diameter growth (10.3 mm), and best height growth (66.6 cm), though conventional containerized seedling survival (91.4%), groundline diameter growth (9.3 mm), and height growth (46.0 cm) were all acceptable. Considering seedling cost and overall performance, bareroot seedlings provide the most effective option for artificial regeneration on high quality bottomland hardwood sites.

Download or read book Artificial Regeneration of Bottomland Hardwoods in Southern Mississippi on Lands Damaged by Hurricane Katrina written by Derek Kyle Alkire and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bare-root, container, and root production method (RPM [TM]) seedlings of two oak species (Nuttall (Quercus texana Buckley), cherrybark (Q. pagoda Ell.)) were planted on lands damaged by Hurricane Katrina in southern Mississippi to compare the height growth, groundline diameter growth and survival of the different planting stocks. Tree shelters were applied to half of the bare-root seedlings to determine their effect on the height and groundline diameter growth and survival of the seedlings. RPM seedlings exhibited significantly greater height and groundline diameter growth than bare-root or container seedlings after one growing season. Bare-root seedlings exhibited significantly greater height and groundline diameter growth than container seedlings. Tree shelters significantly increased height growth of bare-root seedlings; however, sheltered bare-root seedlings exhibited significantly less groundline diameter growth than non-sheltered seedlings. Cherrybark oak exhibited greater height growth than Nuttall oak, while Nuttall oak exhibited greater groundline diameter growth than cherrybark across all planting stocks.

Download or read book Early Growth and Survival of Shumard Oak and Nuttall Oak Planting Stocks written by Johnathan Reeves and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricane Katrina damaged 1.4 million hectares of forestland in Mississippi. Hardwood timber accounted for 40 percent of the damage. A cost-effective method of artificial regeneration is necessary to restore this resource. Bareroot, containerized, and EKOgrown® seedlings of Quercus shumardii and Quercus nuttallii were planted on two sites for evaluation of survival and growth. Survival was recorded monthly during the first growing season, and at the end of each growing season. Growth was measured at the end of each growing season. Survival was extremely low in 2014. Containerized seedlings suffered a total loss due to freezing at the nursery, and a large flood occurred on one site. After the two growing seasons monitored in this study, bareroot seedlings provided similar or greater growth, greater survival, and were remarkably cheaper than EKOgrown® seedlings. Consequently, bareroot seedlings are recommended as the most cost-effective method of artificial oak reforestation.

Download or read book Protecting Red Oak Seedlings with Tree Shelters in Northwestern Pennsylvania written by Russell S. Walters and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintenance of oak species and a lack of oak regeneration are major silvicultural problems in many upland oak forests of the Eastern United States. Advance oak regeneration where present generally is small and lacks vigor. As a result, artificial regeneration is sometimes used, but planted oak seedlings usually do not grow well. Plastic tree shelters have been used to protect planted and natural oak seedlings from deer browsing and to promote seedling height growth and survival. This study examined the growth and survival of planted and natural red oak seedlings and seedlings from planted acorns within translucent tree shelters, fences, and unprotected controls with and without herbicide application under a shelterwood seed-cut stand. After 2 years, surviving control planted seedlings were significantly shorter than those protected by tree shelters and fences. The average height of seedlings planted within tree shelters and fences was 0.88 foot and was not significantly different. Planted control seedlings were shorter after the second year than the first, suggesting that these unprotected seedlings had been browsed by deer. The best survival of planted seedlings was inside the fences, with and without herbicide. Survival in shelters was 82 percent when herbicide was used and 40 percent without herbicide, probably due to low light intensity. Survival of planted control seedlings was unsatisfactory whether or not herbicide was applied, likely the result of browsing. Only 16 percent of the acorns planted within shelters produced seedlings and none grew outside of shelters. Small mammals destroyed most planted acorns. Natural seedlings grew little and their height inside and outside of shelters was not different from that of planted seedlings. Recommendations based on these results should improve results when tree shelters are used.

Download or read book Evaluation of Mechanical Site Preparation and Oust XP Treatments on Survival and Growth of Three Oak Species Planted on Retired Agricultural Areas and a Case Study of a Mixed Nuttall Oak green Ash Planting written by Andrew Brady Self and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bare-root Nuttall oak, Shumard oak, and swamp chestnut oak seedlings were planted on former agricultural fields in Mississippi to evaluate growth and survival following treatment by different combinations of mechanical site preparation and pre-emergent Oust XP® applications. Mechanical treatments included: (1) controls, (2) subsoiling treatment, (3) bedding treatment, and (4) combination plowing. Pre-emergent Oust XP® treatments included: (1) one-year Oust XP® applications and (2) two-year Oust XP® applications. Evaluations and measurements were performed over the course of three years. Results within this dissertation should be considered in the context of high quality former agricultural sites with silt loam soils. Seedling height and GLD increased each growing season. Height and GLD of seedlings were greater in bedded and combination plowed areas compared to control and subsoiled areas. Height and GLD were not different by Oust XP® application. However, seedling survival in two-year Oust XP® application areas was reduced compared to one-year Oust XP® application areas. Nuttall oak seedlings planted in bedded and combination plowed areas exhibited greater stem biomass compared to those planted in control or subsoiled areas. Seedlings planted in two-year Oust XP® areas exhibited greater stem and root biomass compared to those planted in areas receiving the one-year treatment. Better growth and biomass production in bedded and combination plowed areas would promote their use for site preparation on similar sites. While survival was lower in two-year Oust XP® treatment areas compared to one-year treatment areas, the difference would not warrant change in management strategy. Additionally, woody biomass was much greater in two-year Oust XP® areas. Thus, if cost is not prohibitive, treatment with two years of Oust XP® is recommended. The objective of the mixed species study was to establish baseline growth and survival data for mixed Nuttall oak and green ash plantations on former agricultural areas. Height and GLD for both species increased each growing season. Third-year survival was excellent at 96.0 percent. In conclusion, the mixture performed satisfactorily. Growth and survival were excellent, which indicates this mixture would be useful in afforesting similar former agriculture sites.

Download or read book Species and Transplant Size Influence Post transplant Survival Growth and Root Regeneration of Three Oak Species written by Deanna Fay Curtis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three oak species (swamp white oak [Quercus bicolor Willd.], scarlet oak [Quercus coccinea Munchh.], and bur oak [Quercus macrocarpa Michx.]) at three caliper sizes (small - 3.8 cm [1.5 in], medium - 6.4 cm [2.5 in], and large 10.2 cm [4 in]) were transplanted balled and burlapped in spring within a nursery where they were subject to the same environmental conditions over three growing seasons. Nine treatments (the interaction of all species and size variables) were analyzed to determine the influence caliper size and species had on mortality, canopy dieback, canopy growth and root growth. Caliper size had no influence on post-transplant leaf area for all species, while species influence on post-transplant leaf area was difficult to measure due to leaf morphology differences between these oak species. Shoot growth for all treatments was consistently well below that of the control trees over all three growing seasons, with only one exception. In this study, mortality and canopy dieback data provided better measures of post-transplant performance than canopy growth data. Transplanted trees were considered successful if they not only survived but also thrived (had less than 20% canopy dieback). All three species transplanted equally well at the small caliper size. Species significantly influenced transplant survival and success rates for both the medium caliper and large caliper treatments. For both of these caliper size treatments swamp white oaks had higher survival and success rates than either other species, with the exception of the large caliper scarlet oaks that were equal in survival alone to the large caliper swamp white oaks. Additionally, more medium and large caliper scarlet oak transplants survived and thrived than bur oaks at those sizes. Caliper size only significantly influenced post-transplant performance of bur oaks, with smaller caliper trees transplanting with greater survival and success. Although caliper size did not significantly influence post-transplant performance for scarlet oaks and swamp white oaks, both species did trend toward fewer large caliper trees thriving than either other caliper size. This study suggests that the influence of caliper size on post-transplant performance strongly varies between species, even for species within the same genera, due at least in part to root system morphology. The species that had the most fibrous root system, swamp white oak, transplanted with the greatest success and the species with the coarsest root system, bur oaks, transplanted with the least success. There was a strong positive relationship between the number of roots that are cut during the transplanting process and the number of new roots per tree that developed at the ends of those severed roots after transplanting. However, the influence that the number of cut roots had on the number of new roots per tree that were produced differed greatly by species. When the same number of roots per tree were cut, swamp white oaks generally produced more new roots per tree than either other species and scarlet oaks generally produced more new roots than bur oaks.

Download or read book First Year Survival and Growth of Planting Stock of Various Size on Adverse Sites written by Jerome J. Chetock and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First year survival of Douglas-fir seedlings outplanted in areas characterized by intense vegetative competition is heavily dependent on available soil moisture. To test this hypothesis, five distinct classes of Douglas-fir planting stock were planted on the south slope of McCulloch Peak in McDonald Forest in February of 1975. The stocking classes represented in this study are 2-2 transplants, 2-0 seedlings, one-year-old container-grown (plug) seedlings, 3-0 seedlings, and 2-1 transplants. Four treatments were applied in two replications: (1) a combination of irrigation and herbicidal control of competing vegetation; (2) irrigation; (3) herbicidal control of competing vegetation; and (4) no cultural treatment. The Scholander pressure bomb technique was used to determine the timing of the irrigation treatment. Whenever the average pre-dawn xylem pressure potential of the seedlings fell below -20 bars, irrigation was applied. The two replications corresponded to two distinct vegetative communities: a brush-dominant community and a, grass-dominant community. To eliminate the variable of wildlife pressure, every seedling was protected by a mesh animal exclosure. Seedling mortality was tallied at intervals throughout the summer, and leader elongation was measured in October of 1975. The vegetation community in which a seedling was outplanted was of overriding importance to the seedling's potential for survival. Phenological development of the constituents of the vegetation community greatly influenced the availability of soil moisture so critical to seedling establishment. In turn, community structure determined the favorability, or lack thereof, of the microenvironment in which a seedling developed. In respect to both phenology and structure, the community dominated by grasses was more adverse to the introduction of Douglas-fir seedlings than was the community dominated by brush. The importance of the type of vegetative cover was further underscored by the response to the various cultural treatments. the brush-dominant community, irrigation, herbicides, and the combination of irrigation and herbicides proved equally effective as measures of site preparation. This was in contrast to the results in the grass-dominant community which showed that irrigation alone could not ensure acceptable seedling survival. Due to their inherent ability to disrupt the normal development of established vegetation, herbicides emerged as an especially effective means of ameliorating adverse site conditions. In both communities, little additional benefit was realized by coupling irrigation to the herbicide treatment. As was expected, seedlings which received no cultural treatment performed poorly regardless of type of vegetative cover. In regards to the performance of the various age-classes, the one-year-old container-grown seedlings showed a survival rate of nearly 90% in the grass community. Unable to match this performance, the 2-0, 2-1, 3-0, and 2-2 bare-rooted stock survived at the following rates: 45%, 44%, 36%, and 33%, respectively. The container-grown seedlings were not, however, superior in the brush community. Both the 2-1 and 3-0 planting stock had higher survival, 76 and 71%, respectively, than the container-grown seedlings (70%) and the 2-2 transplants (68%). The 2-0 seedlings (56% survival) performed poorly in the brushy area; although they had the highest survival of the bare-rooted stock in the grass community. Seedling morphological characteristics were meaningful to survival in the case of the 3-0 seedlings in the grass community and the container-grown seedlings in the brush community. In terms of height, diameter, and weight, the smaller 3-0 seedlings adapted to their new environment better than did larger 3-0 seedlings. For the container-grown seedlings, larger stem diameters were correlated with increasingly better survival. As a check on the various seedlings control of stomatal aperture, leaf water conductance was measured with a null balance diffusion porometer. Small seedlings tended to have higher rates of transpiration than large seedlings, but total transpirational loss under given environmental conditions was judged to be equivalent regardless of seedling size.

Download or read book Influence of Nursery Stock Planting Practices Fertilization and Competition Control on Initial Survival and Growth of Nuttall and White Oak Seedlings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project evaluates the survival and initial growth response of oak seedlings produced under special nursery protocols (?enhanced? seedlings) compared to nursery-run oak seedlings of the same species, and the influence of various cultural practices on these same nursery stocks. Survival did not differ significantly between nursery stocks. Significant differences in survival among competition control treatments did occur. Intensive competition control regimes using glyphosate can negatively impact seedling survival if seedlings come in contact with herbicide spray drift. Nursery-run seedlings had significantly greater growth and many were larger than enhanced seedlings after two growing seasons. Height growth was typically greater with seedlings receiving less intensive competition control, while groundline diameter (GLD) growth was greatest with seedlings receiving more intensive competition control. Subsoil and auger planting typically resulted in greater growth than normal hand planting. Fertilization improved growth in certain areas, but the effects diminished after the first growing season.

Download or read book Effects of Container Size and Growth Media on the Early Growth and Field Survival of Four Southern Red Oak Species written by David Jeffrey Moorhead and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: