Download or read book Dynamics of the Southern Ocean from Observations in Drake Passage written by Manuel Othon Gutierrez Villanueva and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation are dynamically linked through interactions between the mean flow, eddies, and mixing by breaking internal lee waves over rough topography. However, quantifying the time-mean and the spatio-temporal variability of the ACC transport, eddy fluxes, and small-scale mixing remains challenging as observations are scarce. This thesis work analyzes the mean eddy heat flux, finescale internal-wave-driven turbulence, and transport of the ACC in Drake Passage, and it examines the possible physical processes driving the spatial and temporal variability of these quantities. First, the eddy heat flux as a function of ACC streamlines is quantified using a unique 20-year time series of upper ocean temperature and velocity transects with unprecedented horizontal resolution. Using the time-varying streamlines, the across-ACC eddy heat flux is maximum poleward in the south flank of the Subantarctic Front and it reduces towards the south, becoming statistically insignificant in the Polar Front. These results indicate heat convergence south of the Subantarctic Front. Second, a unique four-year time series of stratification and near-bottom currents, and finestructure density and velocity profiles were employed to estimate the expected linear lee-wave energy and infer turbulent dissipation due to breaking internal waves. In contrast to idealized numerical predictions of 50% local dissipation of lee-wave energy, less than 10% dissipated locally regardless of the abyssal hill topographic representation. Third, the high-spatial-resolution time series of temperature, salinity, and velocity are used to identify trends in the Drake Passage total and geostrophic transport in the upper kilometer. We uniquely found that the Subantarctic Front and Polar Front, the two major ACC fronts, have significantly accelerated during the last decade whereas the area between these fronts and between the Polar Front and the Southern ACC Front has decelerated. These opposite trends compensate such that no significant trend is discernible in the total and geostrophic transport integrated across Drake Passage. We suggest the acceleration of the fronts is driven by an increase in the eddy activity in between the fronts.
Download or read book Southern Ocean Workbook written by International Southern Ocean Studies. Working Group on Theoretical and Special Process Studies. Summer Session and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Stephen R. Rintoul and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Southern Ocean circulation connects the ocean basins as well as the upper and deep layers of the ocean. As a result, the region has a profound influence on the global ocean circulation and climate. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the overturning circulation are dynamically linked through interactions between the mean flow, eddies, topography, air–sea forcing, and mixing and stirring by small- and mesoscale processes. A new dynamical paradigm is emerging that emphasizes the fully three-dimensional nature of the circulation, including the localization of meridional and vertical exchange of momentum, vorticity, and tracers by interactions between the flow and topography. Changes observed in the Southern Ocean in recent decades have implications for global climate and provide insight into the response of the Southern Ocean circulation to changes in forcing.
Download or read book Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability written by Dietrich Sahrhage and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the intensification of research activities in the Southern Ocean in recent years, both at national levels and through international cooperation in such projects as BIOMASS with its FIBEX and SIBEX phases, the need was felt increasingly for closer collaboration between biologists, meteorologists, and oceanographers in the study of the interaction between the atmospheric forces, the water masses, and the living resources. Better knowledge in this regard is not only of scientific interest but also of practical importance, especially for the management of the resources and the protection of the Antarctic marine ecosystem. As a follow-up on a recommendation by the IOC Program Group for the Southern Oceans made in March 1983, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission organized a meeting of experts on oceanography related to the dynamics of the Antarctic ecosystems. During this meeting, held in Kiel, Federal Republic of Ger many, in May 1984, biologists and oceanographers involved in BIOMASS activities met with the oceanographers of SCOR Working Group 74 to discuss ways and means for additional physical and chemical observations in the oceanographic research within BIOMASS. It was the time when large fluctuations in the distribution of krill with subsequent detrimental effects on predator species dependent on krill had just been observed, and the question arose whether this was possibly the result of changes in the Antarctic water circulation.
Download or read book Observations of Antarctic Circumpolar Current Dynamics in the Drake Passage and Small scale Variability Near the Antarctic Peninsula written by Yueng Djern Lenn and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent high-resolution underway observations in Drake Passage are employed to study the surface-layer currents and momentum balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Ocean currents were measured with a ship-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler and upper ocean temperatures surveyed with expendable bathythermographs deployed from the R/V Laurence M Gould, during every season of the annual cycle over a 5-year period. The finely-resolved mean flow estimated from observed currents shows the topographic control of the mean Subantarctic Front (SAF) and the along-stream convergence of multiple filaments of the Polar Front (PF) and Southern ACC Front (SACCF) into single mean jets. Mean cross-track transport above 250 m is 28.7 " 1 Sv and accounts for 20% of the total Drake Passage transport. Subtracting geostrophic current anomalies inferred from altimetry from the instantaneous velocity observations markedly reduces the velocity variance and results in an improved estimate of mean currents. Variance is attributed to mesoscale eddies, inertial currents, and least of all, baroclinic tides. Horizontal-wavenumber spectra of velocity fluctuations peak at wavelengths of?200 km and are significantly anisotropic in a manner consistent with aspects of geostrophic turbulence. Eddy kinetic energy is surface intensified and decreases poleward in Drake Passage; in situ estimates are significantly higher than altimetric estimates everywhere. A mean Ekman spiral observed in Drake Passage verifies the Ekman balance; the Ekman layer is approximately 100 m deep. Eddy momentum and heat fluxes are averaged along streamlines inferred from the improved mean flow. These indicate that eddies flux vorticity along the axis of the SAF in the vicinity of the Patagonian continental slope and accelerate the PF in Drake Passage. However, the eddy forcing is small, implying that eddies transmit the surface wind stress downwards undiminished via an interfacial form stress. Variability in specific dynamic height contours correlated with each ACC front is used to examine the meandering and topographic control of the Drake Passage fronts. Finally an analysis of the annual cycle of the circulation of Port Foster, Deception Island is presented. Moored observations of water temperature, currents and acoustic backscatter show that seasonal, tidal and diurnal processes dominate the variability of this ecosystem.
Download or read book Geophysical Fluid Dynamics written by Joseph Pedlosky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the widely acclaimed Geophysical Fluid Dynamics by Joseph Pedlosky offers the reader a high-level, unified treatment of the theory of the dynamics of large-scale motions of the oceans and atmosphere. Revised and updated, it includes expanded discussions of * the fundamentals of geostrophic turbulence * the theory of wave-mean flow interaction * thermocline theory * finite amplitude barocline instability.
Download or read book Meso scale Dynamics in the Southern Ocean written by Johann Reinder Erlers Lutjeharms and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. - Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing - Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system - Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
Download or read book Program Summary of the International Southern Ocean Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Gerold Siedler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-04-11 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the views of leading scientists on the knowledge of the global ocean circulation following the completion of the observational phase of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. WOCE's in situ physical and chemical measurements together with satellite altimetry have produced a data set which provides for development of ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere circulation models used for understanding ocean and climate variability and projecting climate change. This book guides the reader through the analysis, interpretation, modelling and synthesis of this data.
Download or read book International Decade of Ocean Exploration written by United States. Environmental Data and Information Service and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Southern Ocean Dynamics written by National Research Council (U.S.). Ad Hoc Working Group on Antarctic Oceanography and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1974 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmosphere Ocean and Climate Dynamics written by John Marshall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-12-19 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography.* Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates andbeginning graduate students* Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations andlaboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web* Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informativelaboratory experiments* Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn thematerial.
Download or read book Regional Oceanography written by Matthias Tomczak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the traditional range of topics in regional oceanography. An important aspect of work is its novel approach to a description of the features which give each ocean region its character. The two core principles are the use of the most modern database for all maps of regional distributions of properties and a discussion of all observed features within a frame of reference developed from ocean dynamics, rather than based on the simple geographical approach. The ocean's role in climate variability and climate change is described in detail. The book also includes an evaluation of all major international research projects such as FGGE, IIOE and TOGA. The SI system is used throughout. The use of modern data and inclusion of the oceanographic literature up to 1992 and early 1993 make it a useful reference text.
Download or read book Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modelling written by James J. O'Brien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a direct result of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Banyuls-sur-mer, France, June 1985. The Institute had the same title as this book. It was held at Laboratoire Arago. Eighty lecturers and students from almost all NATO countries attended. The purpose was to review the state of the art of physical oceanographic numerical modelling including the parameterization of physical processes. This book represents a cross-section of the lectures presented at the ASI. It covers elementary mathematical aspects through large scale practical aspects of ocean circulation calculations. It does not encompass every facet of the science of oceanographic modelling. We have, however, captured most of the essence of mesoscale and large-scale ocean modelling for blue water and shallow seas. There have been considerable advances in modelling coastal circulation which are not included. The methods section does not include important material on phase and group velocity errors, selection of grid structures, advanced methods to conservation in highly nonlinear systems, inverse methods and other important ideas for modern ocean modelling. Hopefully, this book will provide a foundation of knowledge to support the growth of this emergent field of science. The NATO Advanced Study Institute was supported by many organi zations. The seed money, of course, was received from the NATO Science Commi ttee. Many national organizations provided travel money for partiCipants. In France, CNES, IFREMER, and CNRS provided funds to support the French participants. In the U. S.
Download or read book Sustained monitoring of the Southern Ocean at Drake Passage written by M.P. Meredith and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antarctic Peninsula Region of the Southern Ocean written by Eugene G. Morozov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is based on results from the Russian expedition in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula and Powell Basin in the northern part of the Weddell Sea, as well as on the review of earlier research in the region. The main goal of the research was to collect the newest data and study the physical properties and ecology of this key region of the Southern Ocean. Data analysis is supplemented with numerical modeling of the atmosphere-ocean interaction and circulation in the adjacent region, including research on rogue waves. The focus of the study was the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, currents and water properties in the Bransfield Strait and Antarctic Sound, properties of seawater, currents, ecosystem and biological communities in the Powell Basin of the northwestern Weddell Sea, and their variations. An attempt is made to reveal the role of various components of the Antarctic environment in the formation of biological productivity and maintenance of the Antarctic krill population. This is especially important as in the last decades the Antarctic environment has experienced significant changes related to the global climatic trends.
