Download or read book Dynamics of Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation of SF6 by Molecular Beam Method Nonrandomize Excitation Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decomposition of polyatomic molecules by infrared multiphoton absorption is a subject which is under extensive investigation in many laboratories. The process has been shown to be efficient, selective and collisionless. The physical principles which are mainly responsible for the absorption of a large number of photons by an isolated molecule under intense infrared laser radiation have been elucidated through many experimental and theoretical investigations. However, one very important question which remains to be answered is the relation between the dynamics of molecular decomposition and the degree of vibrational excitation, i.e., the question of whether the excitation energy is completely randomized before molecular decomposition. The production of electronically excited fragments in the dissociation of halogenated hydrocarbons and the observations of SF4 fragment in the decomposition of SF6 without the evidence of the formation of lower energy SF5 fragment provided some basis of speculation that the excitation energy might not be randomized before the dissociation of excited molecules. A crossed molecular beam apparatus has been adapted to study the dynamics of excitation and dissociation of polyatomic molecules in intense IR laser fields. Initial experiments have involved the study of the dissociation of SF6 by CO2 laser radiation at 10.6 .mu.m. a molecular beam of SF6 was formed by supersonic expansion using three stages of differential pumping. A grating tuned pulsed CO2 TEA laser was used as the excitation source. The laser beam was focused by a 25 cm focal length ZnSe lens, and crossed the molecular beam near its focal point. The fragments produced by multiphoton dissociation of SF6 within the small interaction region were detected as a function of recoil angle and velocity.
Download or read book Multiphoton Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of infrared multiphoton excitation and dissociation of SF6 was investigated under collision free conditions by a crossed laser-molecular beam method. In order to understand the excitation mechanism and to elucidate the requirements of laser intensity and energy fluence, a series of experiments were carried out to measure the dissociation yield dependences on energy fluence, vibrational temperature of SF6, the pulse duration of the CO2 laser and the frequency in both one and two laser experiments. Translational energy distributions of the SF5 dissociation product measured by time of flight and angular distributions and the dissociation lifetime of excited SF6 as inferred from the observation of secondary dissociation of SF5 into SF4 and F during the laser pulse suggest that the dynamics of dissociation of excited molecules is dominated by complete energy randomization and rapid intramolecular energy transfer on a nanosecond timescale, and can be adequately described by RRKM theory. An improved phenomenological model including the initial intensity dependent excitation, a rate equation describing the absorption and stimulated emission of single photons, and the unimolecular dissociation of excited molecules is constructed based on available experimental results. The model shows that the energy fluence of the laser determines the excitation of molecules in the quasi-continuum and the excess energy with which molecules dissociate after the laser pulse. The role played by the laser intensity in multiphoton dissociation is more significant than just that of overcoming the intensity dependent absorption in the lowest levels. 63 references.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1977-11 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Molecular Beam Studies on Multiphoton Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study is made of the multiphoton dissociation of SF6 and other molecules under the collisionless molecular beam conditions used routinely. The results are unambiguously consistent with a far more orderly picture of the excitation and dissociation process than that suggested previously. It is concluded that although the initial excitation is selective, nearly complete energy randomization must take place in the molecular vibrational degrees of freedom before decomposition. 26 references. (JFP).
Download or read book Multiphoton Ionization as a Probe of Molecular Photofragmentation written by Bennett Hanson Rockney and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics of the Two Photon Photodissociation of NO2 A Molecular Beam Multiphoton Ionization Study of NO Photofragment Internal Energy Distributions written by Richard J. S. Morrison and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas of Lymphoscintigraphy and Sentinel Node Mapping written by Giuliano Mariani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-23 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although lymphoscintigraphy was originally introduced into clinical routine for identification of the cause of peripheral edema, more recently it has been widely applied for radioguided biopsy of the sentinel lymph node in patients with solid cancers. The procedure is now considered crucial for adequate planning of oncologic surgery in a growing number of cancers. This atlas presents a collection of richly illustrated teaching cases that demonstrate the clinical relevance and impact of lymphoscintigraphy in different pathologic conditions. After introductory chapters on the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of lymphatic circulation, the role of lymphoscintigraphy in differential diagnosis of peripheral edema and characterization of intracavitary lymph effusions is addressed. The principal focus of the book, however, is on the use of lymphoscintigraphic mapping for radioguided sentinel node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma and cancers at a range of anatomic sites. The most commonly observed lymphoscintigraphic patterns are depicted, and anatomic variants and technical pitfalls of the procedure receive careful attention. The role of tomographic multimodality imaging is also considered. The atlas will be an excellent learning tool for residents in nuclear medicine and other specialists with an interest in the field.
Download or read book Energetics of Stable Molecules and Reactive Intermediates written by M.E. Minas da Piedade and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-05-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the major experimental and theoretical methods currently used to study the energetics of stable molecules and reactive intermediates. Reviews the ate of the art and shows the interplay of experimental and theoretical methods used to probe bonding energetics and reactivity and a wide range of chemical species. A modern and invaluable introduction to the study of molecular energetics. A reference for workers currently involved in the field.
Download or read book Innovating Science Teacher Education written by Mansoor Niaz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How teachers view the nature of scientific knowledge is crucial to their understanding of science content and how it can be taught. This book presents an overview of the dynamics of scientific progress and its relationship to the history and philosophy of science, and then explores their methodological and educational implications and develops innovative strategies based on actual classroom practice for teaching topics such the nature of science, conceptual change, constructivism, qualitative-quantitative research, and the role of controversies, presuppositions, speculations, hypotheses, and predictions. Field-tested in science education courses, this book is designed to involve readers in critically thinking about the history and philosophy of science and to engage science educators in learning how to progressively introduce various aspects of ‘science-in-the-making’ in their classrooms, to promote discussions highlighting controversial historical episodes included in the science curriculum, and to expose their students to the controversies and encourage them to support, defend or critique the different interpretations. Innovating Science Teacher Education offers guidelines to go beyond traditional textbooks, curricula, and teaching methods and innovate with respect to science teacher education and classroom teaching.
Download or read book Nanoimaging written by Alioscka A. Sousa and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2012-10-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a century, microscopy has been a centerpiece of extraordinary discoveries in biology. Along the way, remarkable imaging tools have been developed allowing scientists to dissect the complexity of cellular processes at the nano length molecular scales. Nanoimaging: Methods and Protocols presents a diverse collection of microscopy techniques and methodologies that provides guidance to successfully image cellular molecular complexes at nanometer spatial resolution. The book's four parts cover: (1) light microscopy techniques with a special emphasis on methods that go beyond the classic diffraction-limited imaging; (2) electron microscopy techniques for high-resolution imaging of molecules, cells and tissues, in both two and three dimensions; (3) scanning probe microscopy techniques for imaging and probing macromolecular complexes and membrane surface topography; and (4) complementary techniques on correlative microscopy, soft x-ray tomography and secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. Written in the successful format of the Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Nanoimaging: Methods and Protocols highlights many of the most exciting possibilities in microscopy for the investigation of biological structures at the nano length molecular scales.
Download or read book Properties of Gallium Arsenide written by M. R. Brozel and published by Inst of Engineering & Technology. This book was released on 1996 with total page 981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was in 1986 that INSPEC (The Information Division of the Institution of Electrical Engineers) published the book Properties of Gallium Arsenide. Since then, major developments have taken place. This third edition is comprised of 150 specially commissioned articles contributed by experts from the USA, Europe and Japan.
Download or read book Integrated Optoelectronics written by Mario Dagenais and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated optoelectronics is becoming ever more important to communications, computer, and consumer industries, with applications in a variety of areas, from consumer electronics to high performance information networks. The requiremets for producing low-cost, highly reliable components for deployment in these new systems have created a technology challenge. Integrated optoelectronics promises to meet the performance and cost objectives of these applications by integrating both optical and electronic components in a highly functional chip. This book provides and overview of this technology.
Download or read book The Characterization of High temperature Vapors written by John L. Margrave and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solid State Physics and Electronics written by RK Puri | VK Babbar and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present edition is brought up to incorporate the useful suggestions from a number of readers and teachers for the benefit of students.A topic on common-collector configuration is added to the chapter XIII.A new chapter on logic gates is intriduced at the end.Keeping in view the present style of university Question papers,a number of very short,short and long thoroughly revised and corrected to remove the errors which crept into earlier editions.
Download or read book Clinical Cases in Uveitis written by Harpal Sandhu and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intraocular inflammation is particularly difficult to diagnose and treat, often resembling a complex puzzle of patient history, symptoms, imaging, and laboratory test results. Clinical Cases in Uveitis: Differential Diagnosis and Management is a unique, case-based resource designed to help you navigate the range of challenging manifestations and presentations that often mimic other diseases. More than 90 real-world uveitis cases are presented in a highly templated, easy-to-follow format, along with step-by-step guidance on the right patient questions, assessment, differential diagnosis, testing, management, and follow-up care. Provides a variety of patient presentations and scenarios and unique clinical situations that mirror day-to-day practice. Covers current diagnostic imaging modalities, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICG). Features diagnostic and management algorithms that assist in differential diagnosis and decision making for even the most complex cases, including those in which the patient does not improve as expected, prompting a reassessment of diagnosis and management. Contains approximately 250 high-quality images, including color anterior segment photographs, color fundus photographs, OCT images, and angiograms. Discusses distinguishing infectious from non-infectious inflammation; when and how to start systemic immunosuppressive therapy; diagnostic criteria and management of “white dot syndromes ; pediatric uveitis; masquerade syndromes, including inherited retinal degenerations, malignancies, and paraneoplastic syndromes; and much more. Includes the authors’ specific thought processes and approach in particularly challenging cases. An excellent resource and study tool for ophthalmology residents and fellows, those studying for oral boards, general ophthalmologists, retina specialists, and more.
Download or read book Basic Theory of Lasers and Masers written by Jacques Vanier and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1971-01-01 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioguided Surgery written by Giuliano Mariani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-10 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multidisciplinary textbook is designed to be the standard on the subject and is geared for use by physicians who are involved in the care and/or diagnosis of cancer patients. Comprehensive coverage is provided on all aspects of radioguided surgery. Practical information is readily accessible and throughout there is an emphasis on improved decision making. Tables present the indications, performance, and interpretation of procedures at a glance. A wealth of illustrations, including a full-color insert, enhances the application of new concepts.
