Download or read book Dynamic Road Pricing and the Value of Time and Reliability written by Daniel Brent and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes that use dynamic pricing to manage congestion and generate revenue are increasingly popular. In this paper, we estimate the behavioral response of drivers to dynamic pricing in an HOT lane. The challenge in estimation lies in the simultaneity of price and demand: the structure of dynamic tolling ensures that prices increase as more drivers enter the HOT lane. Prior research has found that higher prices in HOT lanes increase usage. We find that after controlling for simultaneity HOT drivers instead respond to tolls in a manner consistent with economic theory. The average response to a 10 percent increase in the toll is a 1.6 percent reduction in usage. Drivers primarily value travel reliability over time savings, although there is heterogeneity in the relative values of time and reliability based on time of day and destination to or from work. The results highlight the importance of both controlling for simultaneity when estimating demand for dynamically priced toll roads and treating HOT lanes with dynamic prices as a differentiated product with bundled attributes.

Download or read book A Decision Support System Tool for Dynamic Pricing of Managed Lanes written by Maryam Zabihi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congestion pricing and managed lanes (ML) have been recently gaining interest around the country as a congestion management tool and as a means of revenue generation for facility maintenance and expansion as well repayment of highway construction debts. Congestion pricing in MLs entails one of several strategies, including time of day pricing, dynamic pricing based on predicted/anticipated traffic conditions, and real-time dynamic pricing based on actual traffic conditions. The overall goal of this study has been to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) tool based on drivers' revealed willingness to pay (WTP) values. This should determine more effective dynamic toll pricing that achieves the ML corridors' operational goals. A key challenge has been estimating drivers' revealed WTP as influenced by their perceived values of time or by other factors such as enhanced safety and more reliable travel times. While there are significant advances made in the available methods to estimate WTP, research still lacks in the area of dynamic pricing. Indeed, for dynamic toll pricing systems, setting real-time toll prices based only on drivers' average WTP values appears ineffective. However, the WTP values estimated through existing methods represent the average value of travel time saving and/or reliability (VOT and/or VOR) for the total population. This makes the current approaches more compatible with static networks, which cannot efficiently address the nature of dynamic corridors. Another major drawback associated with current methods is that the travelers WTP values are measured in terms of price paid to save one unit of travel time (VOT). However, the travelers' WTP to use MLs has been shown to be for a number of intertwined reasons and not just for time savings. This study suggests a number of unique approaches in estimating WTP values. These include a new revealed data source as well as an alternative analysis method for estimating WTP. To obtain more accurate results, the study was limited to the North Tarrant Expressway (NTE) drivers in North Texas and was conducted for different time periods. For this study, traffic count data were reduced from the camera images for different vehicle categories and for five different time periods, including AM and PM peaks, AM and PM inter-peaks, and off-peak periods. In addition, real-time toll prices associated with the study segment and the day and time of the data collection were obtained from the NTE website. The data analysis method involved an existing toll pricing model (TPM) developed in a former Texas Department of Transportation study for setting tolls for MLs. The model was modified and calibrated based on actual ML shares and associated toll prices for the NTE ML corridor. The modified version of TPM (version 5.0) can be employed as a DSS tool to estimate the WTP values for drivers of any vehicle class and for any time of day. Values of about $119, $101, $71, $75, and $59 per hours were estimated as the revealed average WTP for the NTE SOV drivers during AM peak, PM peak, AM inter-peak, PM inter-peak, and off-peak periods, respectively. In addition, a value of $85 per hour was estimated for the mean revealed WTP (all periods inclusive) for the NTE SOV drivers. The results of this study showed relatively high WTP values and ML share percentages for the NTE drivers, indicating a high level of acceptance of MLs in the region. Finally, this study suggested applying a new paradigm in WTP estimation studies. The employed data collection and analysis methods were two components of the new paradigm. Besides, the new paradigm recommended evaluating real-time WTP by time of day instead of average WTP values for dynamic pricing schemes. The last component was a recommendation to attribute the WTP values to the travelers' willingness to pay to drive one unit distance on toll lanes instead of to save one unit of travel time.The DSS tool developed in this study for the NTE ML has the potential to be used by ML operators to measure the real-time WTP values for the ML users. The results of this new methodology may not directly address the questions about travelers' behavior in terms of their reasons to choose between the MLs and GPLs. However, these results can significantly contribute to decision making about transportation policies, in particular, the policies associated with dynamic congestion pricing for ML corridors.

Download or read book Road Pricing written by Georgina Santos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-31 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion affects towns and cities everywhere and in some places it is regarded as one of the most urgent and important problems in need of a solution. Road pricing is undoubtedly recognised as an effective traffic demand management tool. The recent London congestion charging scheme seems to be showing that public and political opposition is not insurmountable. Thus, the ghost that prevented the introduction of a policy supported by transport economists for over 80 years seems to have disappeared or at least, weakened.The book contains twelve papers useful to different types of audience, such as researchers and postgraduate students, civil servants, policy makers and consultants. The first part is mainly theoretical and concentrates on second-best congestion pricing including pricing in urban contexts, the impact on the performance of the road network, optimal locations and charge levels, dynamic aspects such as time variation of tolls, potential impacts of road pricing on costs and service quality of public transport buses, and efficiency costs and transport sector effects of different types of pricing when they guarantee a balanced budget per mode.The second part contains chapters that describe the schemes in place around the world such as Singapore, Norway, London, and the US. The volume is an update of the state of the art on the subject and the first one to have been written and appear after the London scheme was implemented and to contain an assessment of its preliminary impacts.

Download or read book Behavioral Responses to Congestion Pricing written by Austin Garret Gross and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion is costly both in terms of time lost as well as resources squandered. Road infrastructure is also expensive to create and maintain, with current funding mechanisms falling short. While there is strong theoretical support for road pricing solutions they have been sparsely deployed in the United States. We begin with a consideration of the current theory and politics underpinning road pricing. We then turn to empirical examples of two different road pricing mechanisms: one that adapts to traffic conditions in a High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lane and another that imposes a toll varying only by time of day on a bridge. In both cases we will estimate the behavioral response of drivers to toll pricing. In the dynamic pricing context the challenge in estimation lies in the simultaneity of price and demand: the structure of dynamic tolling ensures that prices increase as more drivers enter the HOT lane. Prior research has found that higher prices in HOT lanes increase usage. We find that after controlling for simultaneity HOT drivers instead respond to tolls in a manner consistent with economic theory and that their responses to value of time and value of reliability are very large. The results highlight the importance of both controlling for simultaneity when estimating demand for dynamically priced toll roads and treating HOT lanes with dynamic prices as a differentiated product with bundled attributes. In the time-of-day pricing context we estimate commuters' responses by measuring the shift from the tolled bridge to a parallel free bridge and also how commuters adjust the timing of trips to less expensive periods. We estimate own and cross-price elasticities for the two bridges finding results in line with previous research. We also estimate the time adjustment that commuters make in response to changing toll rates. These estimates allow us to compute the benefits to toll paying commuters from decreased congestion resulting from the imposition of the tolls.

Download or read book The Economics of Urban Transportation written by Kenneth A. Small and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-10 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of the seminal textbook The Economics of Urban Transportation incorporates the latest research affecting the design, implementation, pricing, and control of transport systems in towns and cities. The book offers an economic framework for understanding the societal impacts and policy implications of many factors including congestion, traffic safety, climate change, air quality, COVID-19, and newly important developments such as ride-hailing services, electric vehicles, and autonomous vehicles. Rigorous in approach and making use of real-world data and econometric techniques, the third edition features a new chapter on the special challenges of managing the energy that powers transportation systems. It provides fully updated coverage of well-known topics and a rigorous treatment of new ones. All of the basic topics needed to apply economics to urban transportation are included: Forecasting demand for transportation services under various conditions Measuring costs, including those incurred by users and incorporating two new tools to describe congestion in dense urban areas Setting prices under practical constraints Evaluating infrastructure investments Understanding how private and public sectors interact to provide services Written by three of the field’s leading researchers, The Economics of Urban Transportation is essential reading for students, researchers, and practicing professionals in transportation economics, planning, engineering, or related disciplines. With a focus on workable models that can be adapted to future needs, it provides tools for a rapidly changing world.

Download or read book Pricing in Road Transport written by Erik Verhoef and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . the book provides ample evidence of the various and often complex issues that arise in road pricing policies. New research is presented on topics mostly neglected in the past (such as the role of firms in rod pricing, or new insights from dynamic network models). Tilmann Rave, Journal of Regional Science Transport pricing is high on the political agenda throughout the world, but as the authors illustrate, governments seeking to implement this often face challenging questions and significant barriers. The associated policy and research questions cannot always be addressed adequately from a mono-disciplinary perspective. This book shows how a multi-disciplinary approach may lead to new types of analysis and insights, contributing to a better understanding of the intricacies of transport pricing and eventually to a potentially more effective and acceptable design of such policies. The study addresses important policy and research themes such as the possible motives for introducing road transport pricing and potential conflicts between these motives, behavioural responses to transport pricing for households and firms, the modelling of transport pricing, and the acceptability of pricing. Studying road transport pricing from a multi-disciplinary perspective, this book will be of great interest to transport policymakers and advisors, transport academics and consultants and students in transport studies.

Download or read book Handbook of Mobility Data Mining Volume 3 written by Haoran Zhang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-29 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Mobility Data Mining: Volume Three: Mobility Data-Driven Applications introduces the fundamental technologies of mobile big data mining (MDM), advanced AI methods, and upper-level applications, helping readers comprehensively understand MDM with a bottom-up approach. The book explains how to preprocess mobile big data, visualize urban mobility, simulate and predict human travel behavior, and assess urban mobility characteristics and their matching performance as conditions and constraints in transport, emergency management, and sustainability development systems. The book contains crucial information for researchers, engineers, operators, administrators, and policymakers seeking greater understanding of current technologies' infra-knowledge structure and limitations. The book introduces how to design MDM platforms that adapt to the evolving mobility environment—and new types of transportation and users—based on an integrated solution that utilizes sensing and communication capabilities to tackle significant challenges faced by the MDM field. This third volume looks at various cases studies to illustrate and explore the methods introduced in the first two volumes, covering topics such as Intelligent Transportation Management, Smart Emergency Management—detailing cases such as the Fukushima earthquake, Hurricane Katrina, and COVID-19—and Urban Sustainability Development, covering bicycle and railway travel behavior, mobility inequality, and road and light pollution inequality. Introduces MDM applications from six major areas: intelligent transportation management, shared transportation systems, disaster management, pandemic response, low-carbon transportation, and social equality Uses case studies to examine possible solutions that facilitate ethical, secure, and controlled emergency management based on mobile big data Helps develop policy innovations beneficial to citizens, businesses, and society Stems from the editor’s strong network of global transport authorities and transport companies, providing a solid knowledge structure and data foundation as well as geographical and stakeholder coverage

Download or read book Road Pricing written by Anjali Mahendra and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 686: Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development explores road pricing concepts and their potential effectiveness and applicability. The report includes guidelines for project planning and integrating pricing into regional and state planning processes, and for communicating strategies and engaging affected parties.

Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Transportation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 4418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an increasingly globalised world, despite reductions in costs and time, transportation has become even more important as a facilitator of economic and human interaction; this is reflected in technical advances in transportation systems, increasing interest in how transportation interacts with society and the need to provide novel approaches to understanding its impacts. This has become particularly acute with the impact that Covid-19 has had on transportation across the world, at local, national and international levels. Encyclopedia of Transportation, Seven Volume Set - containing almost 600 articles - brings a cross-cutting and integrated approach to all aspects of transportation from a variety of interdisciplinary fields including engineering, operations research, economics, geography and sociology in order to understand the changes taking place. Emphasising the interaction between these different aspects of research, it offers new solutions to modern-day problems related to transportation. Each of its nine sections is based around familiar themes, but brings together the views of experts from different disciplinary perspectives. Each section is edited by a subject expert who has commissioned articles from a range of authors representing different disciplines, different parts of the world and different social perspectives. The nine sections are structured around the following themes: Transport Modes; Freight Transport and Logistics; Transport Safety and Security; Transport Economics; Traffic Management; Transport Modelling and Data Management; Transport Policy and Planning; Transport Psychology; Sustainability and Health Issues in Transportation. Some articles provide a technical introduction to a topic whilst others provide a bridge between topics or a more future-oriented view of new research areas or challenges. The end result is a reference work that offers researchers and practitioners new approaches, new ways of thinking and novel solutions to problems. All-encompassing and expertly authored, this outstanding reference work will be essential reading for all students and researchers interested in transportation and its global impact in what is a very uncertain world. Provides a forward looking and integrated approach to transportation Updated with future technological impacts, such as self-driving vehicles, cyber-physical systems and big data analytics Includes comprehensive coverage Presents a worldwide approach, including sets of comparative studies and applications

Download or read book Congestion Pricing written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Road Pricing the Economy and the Environment written by C. Jensen-Butler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth and globalisation create traffic growth, leading to congestion, which again increases travel times and costs. Road pricing is an instrument that may efficiently reduce the negative impacts. This volume is a collection of research papers on the use of road pricing. The focus is on passenger transport, and the papers cover a wide range of approaches, including theoretical modelling and empirical studies of road pricing experience from different cities.

Download or read book Dynamic Congestion Pricing written by Ender Faruk Morgul and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory behind road pricing suggests that, in order to reach social optimum conditions, a toll needs to be charged which is equal to the difference between social marginal costs (which include external costs that users impose on each other on a congested road) and private average costs of users (travel delays, fuel, maintenance etc.)In recent years, with the help of technological developments such as electronic toll collection system, pricing can be done dynamically, that is, tolls can be set in a real-time fashion according to the on-line measured traffic conditions. Dynamic pricing is only being used in High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes. However time-dependent pricing idea can be used in a network setting where drivers have to make route choices that are relatively more complex than the choices they make in the case of HOT lanes. This book aims to explore the idea of dynamic pricing application for the crossings through simulation based analysis.

Download or read book Road Pricing Theory Empirical Assessment and Policy written by Börje Johansson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road pricing (tolls, etc.) as a means of generating revenue for infrastructure investment has become a major policy option in both Europe and North America. It can also be used as a policy in the management of traffic demand and flow, environmental objectives, and optimal resource allocation as regards the size of investments. Road pricing is assumed to be able to solve many problems simultaneously -- congestion control, pollution reduction, and investment financing. This volume assembles and assesses theoretical knowledge, empirical results and experiences of actual road pricing. In addition, the impact of new information technology on future policy formulation is considered.

Download or read book Commercial Vehicle Value of Time and Perceived Benefit of Congestion Pricing written by Kazuya Kawamura and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook on Transport Pricing and Financing written by Alejandro Tirachini and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a comprehensive approach to two central, closely intertwined themes in the field of transport economics, this illuminating Handbook recognizes the critical socioeconomic importance of transport pricing and financing.

Download or read book Synthesis of Research on Value of Time and Value of Reliability written by Sisinnio Concas and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to Nature Inspired Optimization written by George Lindfield and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Nature-Inspired Optimization brings together many of the innovative mathematical methods for non-linear optimization that have their origins in the way various species behave in order to optimize their chances of survival. The book describes each method, examines their strengths and weaknesses, and where appropriate, provides the MATLAB code to give practical insight into the detailed structure of these methods and how they work. Nature-inspired algorithms emulate processes that are found in the natural world, spurring interest for optimization. Lindfield/Penny provide concise coverage to all the major algorithms, including genetic algorithms, artificial bee colony algorithms, ant colony optimization and the cuckoo search algorithm, among others. This book provides a quick reference to practicing engineers, researchers and graduate students who work in the field of optimization. Applies concepts in nature and biology to develop new algorithms for nonlinear optimization Offers working MATLAB® programs for the major algorithms described, applying them to a range of problems Provides useful comparative studies of the algorithms, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses Discusses the current state-of-the-field and indicates possible areas of future development