Download or read book Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for Open Access and Long reach Passive Optical Networks written by Pedro Alvarez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Next Generation FTTH Passive Optical Networks written by Josep Prat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fibre-to-the-Home networks constitute a fundamental telecom segment with the required potential to match the huge capacity of transport networks with the new user communication demands. Huge investments in access network infrastructure are expected for the next decade, with many initiatives already launched around the globe recently, driven by the new broadband service demands and the necessity by operators to deploy a future-proof infrastructure in the field. Dense FTTH Passive Optical Networks (PONs) is a cost-efficient way to build fibre access, and international standards (G/E-PON) have been already launched, leading to new set of telecom products for mass deployment. However, these systems only make use of less than 1% of the optical bandwidth; thus, relevant research is taking place to maximize the capacity of these systems, with the latest opto-electronic technologies, demonstrating that the huge bandwidth available through the fibre access can be exploited in a cost-efficient and reliable manner. Next-Generation FTTH Passive Optical Networks gathers and analyzes the most relevant techniques developed recently on technologies for the next generation FTTH networks, trying to answer the question: what’s after G/E-PONs?

Download or read book Long Reach Passive Optical Networks written by Huan Song and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advances in optical technology, the span of a broadband access network using Passive Optical Network (PON) technology can be increased from today's standard of 20 km to 100 km or higher. Such an extended-reach PON is known as Long-Reach PON (LR-PON). This technology can enable broadband access for a large number of customers in the access/metro area, while decreasing capital and operational expenditures for the network operator. Therefore, it is very desirable to comprehensively investigate this technology for future broadband access. This dissertation is dedicated to the research of architecture, management, and reliability of LR-PON. This dissertation first reviews the evolutionary path of access networks and shows the drivers from technology and business perspectives for high bandwidth and low cost. A variety of research challenges in this field is reviewed, from optical components in the physical layer to the control and management issues in the upper layers. We discuss the requisites for optical sources, optical amplifiers, and optical receivers in optical access networks with high transmission rate (10 Gbps) and large power attenuation (due to large split, transmission over 100 km and beyond, and propagation). We analyze the key topological structures to guarantee physical protection (e.g., tree-and-branch, ring-and-spur). Then, some relevant demonstrations of Long-Reach optical access networks developed worldwide by different research institutes are presented. A major challenge in LR-PON is that the propagation delay (for data as well as control signals) between the telecom central office (CO) and the end user is increased by a very significant amount. Now, traditional PON algorithms for scheduling the upstream transmission, such as dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms, may not be sufficient; actually, they may lead to degraded performance because of the long delay of the CO-to-Users "control loop". This challenge motivates us to propose and study a multi-thread polling algorithm to effectively and fairly distribute the upstream bandwidth dynamically. This algorithm exploits the benefits of having multiple polling processes running simultaneously and enabling users to send bandwidth requests before receiving acknowledgement from the CO. We compare the proposed algorithm with traditional DBA, and show its advantage on average packet delay. With the increased bandwidth requests from the expanding base of users, LR-PON should utilize the network resource (e.g., wavelengths, lasers, etc.) more effectively. We propose a new and efficient protocol to achieve better utilization of tunable lasers, as well as wavelength resources across different user groups in LR-PON. In order to accommodate downstream bursty traffic and provide Quality of Service (QoS) in the user-specified Service-Level Agreements (SLA), the protocol integrates our proposed SLA-aware bandwidth allocation scheme based on flow scheduling. We show the protocol's advantage to support incremental upgrade of bandwidth with increasing user bandwidth requests, and to provide a user with a SLA which guarantees a number of streaming flows with average bandwidth and maximum delay guarantee (e.g., 5 ms), as well as data flows with average bandwidth specifications. Since LR-PON serves a lot more users, a network failure may lead to a huge amount of data loss and negative user experience. Thus, to understand the importance of LR-PON survivability, we propose hardware-accelerated protection schemes for the LR-PON, incorporating the "ring-and-spur" structure to achieve fast protection-switching time, and automatic failure location at the Optical Line Terminal (OLT), which is located at the head end of the optical access network. We design the protection schemes for multiple network environments, e.g., unidirectional transmission vs. bidirectional transmission, and 1+1 protection vs. 1:1 protection. The numerical examples demonstrate that protection paths can be established within a few tens of ms after a failure occurs. This dissertation makes important contributions by studying novel architectures, protocols, and algorithms of LR-PON that will help to improve the next-generation telecom access networks.

Download or read book Optical Access Networks and Advanced Photonics Technologies and Deployment Strategies written by Chochliouros, Ioannis P. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book presents a comprehensive overview of emerging optical access network solutions to efficiently meet the anticipated growth in bandwidth demand"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in CDMA based Passive Optical Networks written by Bona Ater and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fiber to the home (FTTH) technology is an attractive solution for providing high bandwidth from the Central Office (CO) to residences and small-and medium-sized businesses. The emergence of Internet Protocol-based communication within households such as VoIP, IPTV, video conferencing, and high definition multimedia shows that there is a need for high-capacity networks that can handle differentiated services. By providing an optical fiber link to a household where the optical network unit (ONU) is located, there will be a tremendous increase in information capacity with respect to Digital Subscriber Line and cable modem technologies that are currently in place. In access networks, Passive Optical Networks (PON) are rapidly replacing copper-based technologies due to a wide range of benefits, one of which is having the capability to transmit data at a higher rate and reach further distances without signal degradation. Under the PON family of technologies, Ethernet PON (EPON) was developed and is specified in the IEEE 802.3 standard outlining the framework that can deliver voice, data, and video over a native Ethernet port to businesses and residential customers. An increasingly important subject to network operators is Quality of Service (QoS). Although the EPON specification provides mechanisms for supporting QoS, it does not specify or define an algorithm for providing QoS. Rather it is up to the CO to design and implement an appropriate algorithm to meet the specifications of services that are offered to their clients. Researchers have extensively studied bandwidth allocation in EPON where the challenge is to develop bandwidth allocation algorithms that can fairly redistribute bandwidth among ONUs based on their demand. These algorithms were developed for the uplink direction, from ONUs to CO, in a network where only a single ONU is permitted to transmit at a time. Another well-established PON technology is Optical Code-Division Multiple Access PON (OCDMA-PON). In recent years, it has become more economical due to hardware advancements and it has gained a lot of attention due to its benefits over EPON. The most attractive benefit of OCDMA-PON is that multiple ONUs may transmit to the CO simultaneously, depending on a number of constraints, whereas EPON is limited to a single ONU transmission at a time. In this thesis, we develop a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm called Multi-Class Credit-Based Packet Scheduler (MCBPS) for OCDMA-PON in the uplink direction that supports the Internet Protocol (IP) Differentiated Services and takes advantage of the simultaneous nature of OCDMA. The IP Differentiated Services specifications stipulate the following traffic classifications: Expedited Forwarding for low latency, low packet loss, and low jitter applications; Assured Forwarding for services that require low packet loss; and Best Effort which are not guaranteed any bandwidth commitments. MCBPS incorporates the use of credit pools and the concept of a credit bank system to provide the same services as EPON by assigning ONUs specific timeslots to transmit data and also by specifying the amount of bytes from each class. MCBPS is a central office based algorithm that provides global fairness between Quality of Service (QoS) classes while also ensuring that at any given moment the desired number of simultaneous transmissions is not exceeded. We demonstrate through simulation that MCBPS algorithm is applicable in both EPON and OCDMA-PON environments. An in-house simulation program written in the C programming language is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The MCBPS algorithm was tested alongside a benchmark algorithm called Interleaved Polling with Adaptive Cycle Time (IPACT) algorithm to compare network throughput, average packet delay, maximum packet delay, and packet loss ratio. From the simulation results it was observed that MCBPS algorithm is able to satisfy the QoS requirements and its performance is comparable to IPACT where the simultaneous transmission is limited to one. The simulation results also show that as the number of simultaneous transmissions within the network increases, so does the bandwidth. The MCBPS algorithm is able to re-distribute the scaling bandwidth while ensuring that a single ONU or QoS class does not monopolize all the available bandwidth. In doing so, through simulation results, as the simultaneous transmissions increases, the average packet delay decreases and the packet loss ratio improves."-- from abstract.

Download or read book Ethernet passive optical networks performance optimization An extensive comparative study for DBA algorithms written by Mohamed Maher and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Engineering - Communication Technology, grade: 3.3, , course: Optical Fibers, language: English, abstract: This thesis provides a detailed comparison and a classification study for a large number of DBA algorithms with respect to time delay and throughput as performance indicators. The study shows that IPACT WITH CBR, UDBA, IPACT with two stages and CPBA are the optimum DBA algorithms regarding both time delay and throughput at highly loaded scenarios. Dynamic bandwidth allocation in Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON) presents a key issue for providing efficient and fair utilization of the EPON upstream bandwidth while supporting the quality of service QoS requirements of different traffic classes. Rare literatures have addressed a qualitative and quantitative comparison of large numbers of DBA algorithms based on their performance indicators. These algorithms are enrolled in a parametric optimization process targeting performance enhancement at highly loaded scenarios this increasing upstream line rates, changing distance between the OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and ONU (Optical Network Unit), increasing size of an Ethernet packet and changing maximum cycle time to 1 ms and altering guard time value). This process reduces time delay around 3.5% for IPACT WITH CBR, 1.725% for UDBA, 1.167% for IPACT with two stages and (1.167% for CPBA. Also, the optimization increases the throughput by 1.3% for IPACT WITH CBR, 1.795% in UDBA, 2.5% for IPACT with two stages and 1.684% for CPBA.

Download or read book Dynamic Bandwidth Allocations for Extended reach Passive Optical Networks written by Timothy G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ethernet Passive Optical Networks written by Glen Kramer and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2005-03-22 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethernet Passive Optical Networks is the IEEE's (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) approved architecture of choice for the next generation of broadband access. Written by an author of the IEEE 802.3ah standard, this is the first book to explain the EPON architecture, analyze its performance, and annotate the standard. For any engineer or graduate student building equipment for broadband access or service provider offering such service, this will serve as the "authorized" guide to EPON.

Download or read book Passive Optical Networks written by Cedric F. Lam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive optical network (PON) technologies have become an important broadband access technology as a result of the growing demand for bandwidth-hungry video-on-demand applications. Written by the leading researchers and industry experts in the field, Passive Optical Networks provides coherent coverage of networking technologies, fiber optic transmission technologies, as well as the electronics involved in PON system development. Features: - An in-depth overview of PON technologies and the potential applications that they enable - Comprehensive review of all major PON standards and architecture evolutions, as well as their pros and cons - Balanced coverage of recent research findings with economic and engineering considerations - Presents system issues of protocols, performance, management and protection - Extensive references to standards and research materials for further studies This book provides an authoritative overview of PON technologies and system requirements and is ideal for engineers and managers in industry, university researchers, and graduate students. - Balances treatment of the optical technologies with systems issues such as protocols, performance, management and protection - Covers latest developments in WDM-PONS, protection switching, dynamic bandwidth allocation - Practical coverage with a chapter on PON applications and deployment - Case studies on implementing PONs

Download or read book Power Saving in Passive Optical Networks with Distributed Bandwidth Allocation written by Jorge Iván Arguello Santillán and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The digital requirements of the population, due to technological advances and the evolution of the Internet, implies a massive deployment of new infrastructures and technologies. In that way, many research groups are working hard to design modern devices and new types of networks. This significant effort will allow offering access to new services, which will cover the needs of the users. Nowadays, Passive Optical Networks (PON) are constantly improving, since many groups are working simultaneously to develop technologies in this field, hence yielding benefits such as an improved quality of service and user experience, a growth of bandwidth, and energy savings. The reduction of energy consumption of an Ethernet PON (EPON) is considered the main objective of this project. The base scenario has been deployed on the OPNET simulator and the model follows the IEEE 802.3ah standard. To achieve the hereby presented results, a variation of a previous work of distributed dynamic bandwidth allocation was developed. The presence of a power saving algorithm as part of Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation allows for the collection of new data to evaluate the performance of the network. The differences between the original EPON scenario using a Distributed Dynamic Scheduling and the proposed solution lies in several factors, such as the delay of each packet, link throughput, power consumption on each DBA cycle, and total energy consumption of the system. The main goal of this project was the improvement of the system regarding energy reduction, and the results achieved with our algorithm are in the range of 7% - 9 %. Consequently, the results suggest the algorithm could be used as a real solution, taking into account the new evolution and the trends that PONs are following. Another important consideration was to achieve the best yield possible of the model guaranteeing the quality of services under normal running conditions. Some technical conditions like the maximum delay accepted on the first mile and the keep-alive properties used to maintain the connection between nodes, among others, are considered during the validation of the results.

Download or read book Passive Optical Network Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithms for Converged Fronthaul written by Samuel O. Edeagu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Bandwidth Management with Service Differentiation Over Ethernet Passive Optical Networks written by Yuanqiu Luo and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) address the first mile of the communication infrastructure between the service provider central offices and the customer sites. As a low-cost, high speed technology, EPONs are deemed as the solution to the bottleneck problem of the broadband access network. A major feature of EPONs is the utility of a shared upstream channel among the end users. Only a single optical network unit (GNU) may transmit during a timeslot to avoid data collisions. In order to provide diverse quality of service (QoS), the bandwidth management of the upstream channel is essential for the successful implementation of EPONs, and thus, an efficient medium access control is required to facilitate statistical multiplexing among local traffics. This dissertation addresses the upstream bandwidth allocation over EPONs. An efficient mechanism, i.e., limited sharing with traffic prediction (LSTP), has been proposed to arbitrate the upstream bandwidth among ONUs. The MultiPoint Control Protocol (MPCP) messages, which are stipulated by the IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) Task Force, are adopted by LSTP to facilitate the dynamic bandwidth negotiation between an GNU and the OLT. The bandwidth requirement of an ONU includes the already enqueued frames and the predicted incoming frames during the waiting time. The OLT arbitrates the bandwidth assignment based on the queue status report from an GNU, the traffic prediction, and the agreed service contract. With respect to the performance evaluation, theoretical analysis on the frame loss, the frame delay, and the queue length has been conducted. The quantitative results demonstrate that 1) the innovative LSTP mechanism dynamically allocates the upstream bandwidth among multiple ONUs; 2) the traffic predictor at the OLT delivers satisfactory prediction for the bursty self-similar traffic, and thereby, contributing to the reduction of frame loss, frame delay, and queue length; and 3) the bandwidth arbitration at the OLT effectively restricts the aggressive bandwidth competition among ONUs by adopting the service level agreement (SLA) parameter as the upper bound. Aside from analysis, the LSTP mechanism has been substantiated by experimental simulations. In order to differentiate the service provisioning among diverse users, LSTP is further enhanced with the support of dynamic bandwidth negotiation based on multiple queues. The incoming traffics are first classified into three classes, and then enqueued into the corresponding queues. A traffic predictor is dedicated to one class of traffic from an GNU. Service differentiation among classes are provided by the combination of queuing and scheduling at the GNU side. At the OLT side, the bandwidth allocation for each class of traffic is based on the reported queue status and the traffic prediction, and is upper-bounded by the SLA parameter. Experimental simulations have justified the feasibility of providing service differentiation over the broadband EPONs.

Download or read book A New Credit Based Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Scheme for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithms for Differentiated Services Enabled Ethernet Passive Optical Networks with Centralized Admission Control written by Dawid Nowak and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy efficient Long reach Passive Optical Networks written by Lei Shi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To bring the high capacity of the optical fiber closer to the end users with affordable costs, passive optical network (PON) was introduced and developed as a promising access network technology over the past decade. Long-reach PON (LR-PON) extends the coverage span of PONs from the traditional 20 km range to 100 km, consolidates the multiple active sites and thus lowers the costs. Besides extending the reach, energy conservation, which is of growing concern today, gives LR-PON a brand new advantage over its competitors. In this dissertation, we focus on the intersection of these two topics, namely Energy-Efficient LR-PON. We present several distinct schemes with the potential for substantial energy savings under practical settings, while not significantly affecting the network's performance. We develop and evaluate novel architectures, protocols, and algorithms for a LR-PON to will help to improve the performance of next-generation telecom access networks. One major component of LR-PON is the optical line terminal (OLT), which is deployed in central offices. Specifically for energy savings in OLT, we propose a centralized network planning approach based on user behaviors. By considering the different network usage behaviors of different kinds of users, we develop an efficient user-assignment scheme in which users with complementary behaviors are assigned to the same network segment to share the bandwidth. This achieves high bandwidth utilization at all times, and reduces the number of wavelengths needed, thus lowing cost and energy usage. Heuristic searches can provide such assignments, and their approximate solutions are very close to the lower bound. We then extend our work to the network operation (i.e., traffic engineering) stage, where an energy-efficient dynamic wavelength allocation scheme is developed on the "ring-and-spur" LR-PON. This scheme enables a wavelength to be dropped dynamically at multiple remote nodes, making it possible for users in different network segments to share downstream capacity in a statistical multiplexing fashion. The wavelength allocation may also be dynamically changed according to the network traffic so that the OLT can efficiently utilize all operational wavelengths. The other major component of LR-PON is the optical network unit (ONU), a remote unit close to the users. We propose a service-level agreement (SLA)-based scheduling scheme, in which the sleep time of an ONU can be adjusted and the ONU can quit sleep mode to send high-priority packets. Our proposal solves the problems of slow transition of power from active mode to sleep mode in an ONU and the relatively large recovery and synchronization time needed during the wakeup process. The tradeoff in energy savings vs. delay performance is evaluated using simulations under practical power-consumption settings. We also study the effects of arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) and erbium-doped-fiber amplifier (EDFA) on bit-error rate (BER) in LR-PON, and propose both short-term and long-term distance-aware wavelength allocation schemes to balance the BER among ONUs at different distances. Simulation results show that average BER improves and the relative standard deviation decreases.

Download or read book Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks written by Roudy Chammas and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resource Optimization in Passive Optical Networks written by Marilet de Andrade Jardin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: