Download or read book The International Tax Law Concept of Dividend written by Marjaana Helminen and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution of profits between corporations resident in different jurisdictions gives rise to both significant tax planning opportunities and tax risks. As cross-border transactions between corporations grow in number and complexity, the question of how a profit distribution is classified for corporate income tax purposes becomes increasingly important, particularly in the context of issues such as double taxation, non-taxation and tax neutrality. The OECD BEPS project has only increased the relevance. This unique work discusses the international tax law rules determining which transactions may be classified and taxed as dividends and how possible classification conflicts may be resolved. The author examines the tax classification of various inter-corporate transactions, including: – Payments made under dividend-stripping arrangements. – Fictitious profit distributions. – Economic benefits in the context of transfer pricing. – Returns on debt-equity hybrids. – Interest payments in thin capitalization situations and distributions following liquidation. The analysis of each transaction refers to international tax law. Most weight is given to tax treaties and EU tax law, including the BEPS development. The approaches adopted in different states’ national tax law are covered by a more general analysis. The comprehensive coverage and the practical nature of The International Tax Law Concept of Dividend make it an essential acquisition for tax practitioners, researchers and tax libraries worldwide.
Download or read book Switzerland in International Tax Law written by Xavier Oberson and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2011 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Switzerland has recently witnessed an unprecedented level of tax treaty negotiations. Although this is a direct result of Switzerland's revised position regarding exchange of information, a number of contracting states have taken this opportunity to modify tax treaty benefits and/or clarify certain aspects of tax treaty interpretation and application. These are considered extensively in this edition. As Switzerland has steadily aligned itself with international principles of international taxation, the self-imposed anti-abuse rules for the application of tax treaties have become less relevant. Nevertheless, Swiss courts have become more creative in determining where there is and where there is not treaty abuse. As a result, the 1962 Abuse Decree is making way for a more complex basket of anti-abuse rules and regulations"--Foreword (page vii).
Download or read book The principle of non discrimination in international and European tax law written by Niels Bammens and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2012 with total page 1151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principle of non-discrimination plays a vital role in international and European tax law. This dissertation analyses the interpretation given to that principle in tax treaty practice and in the direct tax case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) on the fundamental freedoms. The objective of this analysis is twofold: to give a clear and thorough overview of both standards and to determine whether they share a common, underlying principle of non-discrimination. In order to achieve these objectives, a comprehensive selection of case law is discussed from the perspective of the two constitutive elements of discrimination, comparability and the existence of different treatment. Moreover, attention is drawn to the question whether a domestic measure that is found to be discriminatory may nevertheless be justified on the basis of reasons of public interest. Finally, the possible interplay between both standards is addressed.
Download or read book Taxpayers in International Law written by Juliane Kokott and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-03-24 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking book brings clarity to the dynamically developing field of international tax law. It empowers individuals and corporate taxpayers to navigate their way around and helps tax authorities take taxpayers' rights into account from the beginning. The book is the result of several years of research conducted with the support of the International Law Association. Taxpayers in International Law puts taxpayers' rights on the global international tax agenda as the necessary counterweight and complement to Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS). Importantly, it pleads for a global minimum standard of legal protection of the fundamental rights of taxpayers and extracts the content of such rights from relevant constitutional principles of many countries around the world. The book is structured in 3 parts: Part I focusses on the legal sources and on the relations between taxation and international human rights law. Part II identifies general principles and specific taxpayers' rights, groups them into 3 categories (procedural, related to sanctions, and substantive), and analyses the different implications that arise in each of them. Part III features concrete proposals for establishing a global framework for the protection of taxpayers' rights, including guidelines for tax authorities. The book is a unique instrument for the daily work of practitioners and international tax scholars interested in securing the protection of taxpayer's fundamental rights, as well as for those involved in tax collection worldwide. Taxpayers can refer to the book to find out which rulings and concepts can help them enforce their rights; tax authorities and judges can use the book to verify which rights have to be respected.
Download or read book Enclyclopedia of Public International Law written by Ezio Biglieri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital Communications
Download or read book Substance in International Tax Law written by Florian Navisotschnigg and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-08-09 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of ‘substance’ is proving to be central to the OECD’s base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project, particularly in the area of taxation of intangibles. In this book, this notoriously hard-to-define concept is examined from three distinct angles: transfer pricing (DEMPE Approach), harmful tax practices (Substantial Activity Requirement), and tax treaties (Beneficial Ownership). In a thoroughgoing investigation using the practical example of an IP company, the author provides detailed and precise answers to the following questions: What substance is necessary to be entitled to intangible-related returns? What substance is necessary to benefit from preferential IP regimes or no or only nominal tax jurisdictions? What substance is necessary to collect royalties free from withholding taxes? Given the need to agree on a common understanding of substance in international tax law in order to avoid costly tax disputes, this important book is unmatched for the clear light it sheds on the most relevant substance requirements regarding intangibles. It will prove invaluable to tax practitioners and in-house counsel who are dealing with cross-border transactions concerning intangibles.
Download or read book International Tax Cooperation written by Luzius U. Cavelti and published by Stämpfli Verlag. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is international cooperation on taxation so difficult to achieve? The problems in international taxation arise from a sovereignty conflict between the country in which the income originates (source country) and the country in which the recipient of the income resides (residence country). This book explores the equally valid sovereign tax claims of source and of residence countries and highlights the incompatibility of these concurrent tax claims. The resulting incoherence between source and residence countries distorts taxation of cross-border income to a point where it not only creates discriminations but challenges the fundamental principles of international taxation in itself. This is an essential dilemma of international tax policy. And yet, given the profound role the power to tax plays in exercising sovereignty, are governments able, or even willing, to eliminate this essential dilemma?
Download or read book International Tax written by Michael Honiball and published by Siber Ink. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is not merely a new edition, but a complete and significantly expanded rewrite. It comprises over 900 pages of expert and in-depth exposition of this complex subject that has become so important in the modern global economy. Already established over four previous editions as the pre-eminent work on the subject it is a 'must-own book' for all students and practitioners of tax, whether from a legal, business or accounting perspective. Professor Lynette Olivier and Michael Honiball are without peer in their understanding and clarity in this highly specialised field. Five new chapters have been added on: Taxation of individuals; Taxation of Companies and Dividends; Taxation of Partnerships; Cross-border VAT; and Interpretation of Statutes.
Download or read book Transfer Pricing and the Arm s Length Principle in International Tax Law written by Jens Wittendorff and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arm's length principle serves as the domestic and international standard to evaluate transfer prices between members of multinational enterprises for tax purposes. The OECD has adopted the arm's length principle in Article 9 of its Model Income Tax Convention in order to ensure that transfer prices between members of multinational enterprises correspond to those that would have been agreed between independent enterprises under comparable circumstances. The arm's length principle provides the legal framework for governments to have their fair share of taxes, and for enterprises to avoid double taxation on their profits. This timely book contains a comparative analysis of the legal basis for the arm's length principle and the contents of the arm's length rules in US tax law as well as in the OECD Model Tax Convention and Transfer Pricing Guidelines. It includes a thorough review of international case law on transfer pricing from the United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. The book ends with an analysis of the issues associated with the application of the arm's length principle for multinational enterprises in a global economy.
Download or read book CFC Legislation Tax Treaties and EC Law written by Michael Lang and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compilation of 23 national reports dealing with domestic CFC provisions and the influence of tax treaties and EC law on CFC legislation and a summarising general report, originating from a joint conference on CFC legislation in Rust (Austria) from 3-6 July 2003.
Download or read book Justice Equality and Tax Law written by Nevia Čičin-Šain and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth analysis of the specific aspects of justice, equality and tax law "Justice, Equality and Tax Law" is a topic that is both old and new at the same time. Even if the society changes, the demands that tax needs to be just and equal seem to be immutable. What changes, of course, is the perception of the content of those demands. International taxation post-BEPS has been fraught with new challenges that warranted urgent responses. These challenges were mainly provoked by the unprecedented rise of the digital economy which truly marked a change in the way business is conducted, how value is created, and how goods and services are produced and consumed. Digitalization, in turn, had repercussions on all aspects of taxation - direct taxation, indirect taxation, and even tax procedures. For instance, the quest for more justice and equality in profit taxes was the reason why, in October 2021, a historical deal based on a two-pillar solution to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy was negotiated within the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting and agreed upon by 137 member countries. It was also the motive behind the shift from a typical vendor collection model to an intermediary collection model supported by centralized registration points in indirect taxes, notably the VAT/GST. Abundant data from the European Union or the OECD signalized an ever-increasing gap between expected VAT revenues and VAT actually collected, making it obvious that the classical system of VAT/GST collection was unable to respond to challenges posed by the digital economy. Therefore, new solutions based on the participation of digital platforms as intermediaries had been introduced. Finally, new technologies, such as blockchain, paved new avenues in enhancing tax compliance. In this context, this volume entitled "Justice, Equality, and Tax Law" contains not only a selection of the best master ́s theses of the full-time LL.M. programme in 2021/2022 but also represents an in-depth analysis of various aspects of this evergreen topic.
Download or read book The Impact of Tax Treaties and EU Law on Group Taxation Regimes written by Bruno da Silva and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should the income of a corporate group be taxed differently solely because the traditional structure of the income tax system considers each company individually? Taxation affects business decisions, including location, the form in which business is carried out, and the efficient allocation of company resources. Disparities – differences arising from the interaction of different tax systems – and obstacles – distortions created by domestic legislation arising from differences between domestic and cross-border situations – both become more acute when a business chooses to set up or acquire other companies, thus forming a group, usually operating in multiple jurisdictions. Responding to such ever more common developments, this book is the first in-depth analysis of how tax treaties and EU law influence group taxation regimes. Among the issues and topics covered are the following: – analysis of the different tax group regimes adopted by different countries; – advantages and disadvantages of a variety of models; – application of the non-discrimination provision of Article 24 of the OECD Model Tax Convention to group taxation regimes; – application of the fundamental freedoms of the TFEU to group taxation regimes following the three-step approach adopted by the EU Court of Justice; – uncertainty raised by the landmark Marks & Spencer case, its interpretation and consequences to other group taxations regimes; – interrelations between tax treaties and EU Law in the context of tax groups; and – per-element approach. The analysis considers concrete examples as well as relevant case law. With its analysis of the standards required by the two sets of norms (tax treaties and EU law) and their interaction, particularly in terms of non-discrimination, this book sheds clear light on ways to overcome the disparities and obstacles inherent in group taxation regimes. As a thorough survey of the extent to which the interpretation of tax treaties and EU law affect group taxation regimes, this book has no peers. All taxation professionals, whether working in EU Member States or in EU trading partners, will appreciate its invaluable insights and guidance.
Download or read book Taxation of Capital Gains Under the OECD Model Convention written by Stefano Simontacchi and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing globalization and the related cross-border flows of capital resources has only increased interest in the taxation of transnational capital gains among practitioners and scholars. This is particularly true as it relates to investments in immovable property. As a consequence, Article 13 of the OECD Model Convention - covering capital gains - has emerged as one of the document's key provisions. Based on in-depth historical research, this book pays particular attention to the definition of capital gains falling within the scope of Article 13. It also thoroughly analyses the treaty regime applicable to gains derived from the alienation of both immovable property and shares of immovable property companies.
Download or read book Arm s Length Transaction Structures written by Andreas Bullen and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2011 with total page 925 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the authority to restructure and to disregard controlled transactions based on the arm's length principle. The book, thus, examines the outer limits of the adjustment authority granted by the arm's length principle as opposed to its core area of application (price adjustments).
Download or read book International Tax Planning and Prevention of Abuse written by Luc De Broe and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study considers how tax authorities attempt to strike down international tax avoidance structures, in particular those involving the use of conduit and base companies set up by third-country residents for purposes of "treaty shopping" and "EC-Directive shopping". The book focuses on the interaction between provisions and judicially developed doctrines of domestic tax law preventing international tax avoidance on the one hand, and norms of international law, in particular tax treaties and rules of Community law, on the other. It also considers treaty-based anti-avoidance measures such as the "beneficial ownership" requirement and "limitation on benefits" provisions. This part of the study compares and analyses the case law of Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, India, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Download or read book Double non taxation and the use of hybrid entities written by Leopoldo Parada and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topics of double non-taxation and hybrid entities have acquired particular importance in a context where transformations in the tax world have led to international commitments materialised in the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. In what is the first systematic in-depth analysis of the OECD BEPS Action Plan 2 and hybrid entities, this timely book provides a critical review of the approach adopted by the OECD and proposes a deeply informed alternative method to deal with the problem of hybrid entity mismatches. The author analyses the interaction between the double non-taxation outcome and the use of hybrid entities in an approach not strictly linked to any specific tax jurisdiction. To this end, the analysis includes case studies and examples from a range of jurisdictions emphasising the international tax context, also including the application of tax treaties. Among the seminal matters covered in this edition are the following: foundations of the concepts of double non-taxation and hybrid entities; extensive analysis based on the rules of characterisation of foreign entities for tax purposes in the United States, Spain, Denmark, and Germany, as well as on the Poland/United States and Canada/United States tax treaties; in-depth analysis of the implications of Article 1(2) OECD Model Tax Convention and Article 3(1) Multilateral Instrument (MLI), especially considering the position of developing (source) countries; detailed analysis of the OECD BEPS Action 2 and its recommendations (linking rules), including its implementation in the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD); and elaborated alternative method to deal with hybrid entity mismatches (reactive coordination rule), which is informed by the tax policy aims of simplicity, coherence, and administrability. Detailed comparisons between the author’s proposal and other existing rules elucidate common points and deviations. If merely for its unparalleled clarification of the issues, this book will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners, tax authorities, policymakers and academics concerned with international tax law. Beyond that, as an authoritative guide that promises to reorient the discussion to what really matters in the debate regarding hybrid entity mismatches, this analysis elaborates solutions applicable to a generality of cases worldwide and, therefore, hugely promotes the urgent quest for alternative views.
Download or read book Hybrid Entities in Tax Treaty Law written by Sriram Govind and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax treaty law and EU tax law in connection with hybrid entities Hybrid entities have traditionally been used as an avenue for international tax planning, and extending benefits under tax treaties to such entities has been a source of controversy for many years now. Although the OECD Partnership Report provided solid policy footing on this issue, there was still no common legal basis that countries could rely on for such positions. The increasing focus of countries towards the curbing of tax avoidance and abuse involving hybrid mismatch arrangements culminated in a specific action plan in the BEPS Project being dedicated to the design of domestic rules and the development of treaty provisions that would neutralize the tax effects of such arrangements. This volume provides an in-depth analysis of various aspects of this topic. It is divided into two parts – the first dealing exclusively with tax treaty issues arising in connection with hybrid entities and the second dealing with EU tax law issues surrounding hybrid entities. The former part comprises chapters analysing how tax treaties have historically dealt with this issue with a focus on domestic court jurisprudence, the positions in the OECD and the UN Model Conventions, the developments that have come about owing to the BEPS Project, and the impact of several existing measures, regimes, and vehicles on these tax treaty provisions. The latter part comprises chapters on how hybrid entities are dealt with under primary EU law, under various secondary law directives including the newly enacted Anti-Tax Avoidance Directives, and an analysis of policy solutions offered in this direction.
