Download or read book Exploring the Sources of Downward Bias in Measuring Inequality of Opportunity written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Technique of Estimating School Equipment Costs written by Arthur Kirkwood Loomis and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inequality of Opportunity written by Juan Gabriel Rodríguez and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight papers, both theoretical and applied, on the concept of equality of opportunity which says that a society should guarantee its members equal access to advantage regardless of their circumstances, while holding them responsible for turning that access into actual advantage by the application of effort.

Download or read book Market Structure and Performance written by John Cubbin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1988 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book Exploring the Sources of Downward Bias in Measuring Inequality of Opportunity written by Gabriel Lara Ibarra and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes the extent of downward bias in the calculation of inequality of opportunity for continuous outcomes such as income. A typically recognized source of bias is the unobserved circumstances as there is a limited set of variables available in household and labor force surveys. Another previously overlooked source is the likely unobservable nature of top incomes. Using Monte Carlo simulations where the underlying inequality of opportunity is predetermined at various levels, the study presents three key findings. First, the omission of a relevant circumstance can bias the inequality of opportunity estimate by as much as 80 percent, depending on how much variation of the outcome such circumstance explains. Second, not observing the top 5 percent of the income distribution can lead to downward biases of anywhere between 12 and 35 percent, and the combination of missing the most favored population and even one relevant circumstance exacerbates the bias of the empirical estimates. The third key result is that the estimated inequality of opportunity is strongly correlated with the amount of variation in the outcome variable explained by the combination of circumstances (measured by the R2). This result suggests that in empirical applications, the inequality of opportunity estimate can be roughly (and quickly) approximated using simple econometric techniques.

Download or read book Generalized Linear Mixed Models written by Walter W. Stroup and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-05-21 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generalized Linear Mixed Models: Modern Concepts, Methods, and Applications (2nd edition) presents an updated introduction to linear modeling using the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) as the overarching conceptual framework. For students new to statistical modeling, this book helps them see the big picture – linear modeling as broadly understood and its intimate connection with statistical design and mathematical statistics. For readers experienced in statistical practice, but new to GLMMs, the book provides a comprehensive introduction to GLMM methodology and its underlying theory. Unlike textbooks that focus on classical linear models or generalized linear models or mixed models, this book covers all of the above as members of a unified GLMM family of linear models. In addition to essential theory and methodology, this book features a rich collection of examples using SAS® software to illustrate GLMM practice. This second edition is updated to reflect lessons learned and experience gained regarding best practices and modeling choices faced by GLMM practitioners. New to this edition are two chapters focusing on Bayesian methods for GLMMs. Key Features: • Most statistical modeling books cover classical linear models or advanced generalized and mixed models; this book covers all members of the GLMM family – classical and advanced models. • Incorporates lessons learned from experience and on-going research to provide up-to-date examples of best practices. • Illustrates connections between statistical design and modeling: guidelines for translating study design into appropriate model and in-depth illustrations of how to implement these guidelines; use of GLMM methods to improve planning and design. • Discusses the difference between marginal and conditional models, differences in the inference space they are intended to address and when each type of model is appropriate. • In addition to likelihood-based frequentist estimation and inference, provides a brief introduction to Bayesian methods for GLMMs. Walt Stroup is an Emeritus Professor of Statistics. He served on the University of Nebraska statistics faculty for over 40 years, specializing in statistical modeling and statistical design. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, winner of the University of Nebraska Outstanding Teaching and Innovative Curriculum Award and author or co-author of three books on mixed models and their extensions. Marina Ptukhina (Pa-too-he-nuh), PhD, is an Associate Professor of Statistics at Whitman College. She is interested in statistical modeling, design and analysis of research studies and their applications. Her research includes applications of statistics to economics, biostatistics and statistical education. Ptukhina earned a PhD in Statistics from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, a Master of Science degree in Mathematics from Texas Tech University and a Specialist degree in Management from The National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute." Julie Garai, PhD, is a Data Scientist at Loop. She earned her PhD in Statistics from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and a bachelor’s degree in Mathematics and Spanish from Doane College. Dr Garai actively collaborates with statisticians, psychologists, ecologists, forest scientists, software engineers, and business leaders in academia and industry. In her spare time, she enjoys leisurely walks with her dogs, dance parties with her children, and playing the trombone.

Download or read book Improving Student Achievement written by David W. Grissmer and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2000-07-19 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do students have different achievement levels across states? Is math achievement improving across states? Differences in average achievement levels across states are mainly traceable to differing family characteristics. However, students from similar families also score differently across states. These differences are related to differences in resource levels and in how resources are spent. States with high spending per pupil, lower pupil-teacher ratios, higher participation in public prekindergarten and higher reported teacher resources have higher achievement. Disadvantaged children are the most sensitive to low resource, and additional resources could substantially their scores. Between-state, rather than within-state, differences in resources appear to be the main reason for inequitable resource levels for students of lower socioeconomic status. The conclusion is that significant math gains are occurring across most states that cannot be traced to resource changes, that the rate of gain varies significantly by state, and that reform efforts are the likely cause of these gains. The results certainly challenge the traditional view of public education as unreformable.

Download or read book The making of index numbers written by Irving Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How Have Deployments During the War on Terrorism Affected Reenlistment written by James Hosek and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2009-10-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research sought to understand how recent deployments have affected reenlistment by examining trends in deployments and reenlistments, developing a theoretical model, and conducting an econometric analysis of survey and administrative data to identify the effect of deployment, by service, on reenlistment. It also examined the role of reenlistment bonuses in maintaining reenlistment levels during the war on terrorism.

Download or read book Census Bureau Methodological Research written by United States. Bureau of the Census and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modelling Pricing and Hedging Counterparty Credit Exposure written by Giovanni Cesari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was the end of 2005 when our employer, a major European Investment Bank, gave our team the mandate to compute in an accurate way the counterparty credit exposure arising from exotic derivatives traded by the ?rm. As often happens, - posure of products such as, for example, exotic interest-rate, or credit derivatives were modelled under conservative assumptions and credit of?cers were struggling to assess the real risk. We started with a few models written on spreadsheets, t- lored to very speci?c instruments, and soon it became clear that a more systematic approach was needed. So we wrote some tools that could be used for some classes of relatively simple products. A couple of years later we are now in the process of building a system that will be used to trade and hedge counterparty credit ex- sure in an accurate way, for all types of derivative products in all asset classes. We had to overcome problems ranging from modelling in a consistent manner different products booked in different systems and building the appropriate architecture that would allow the computation and pricing of credit exposure for all types of pr- ucts, to ?nding the appropriate management structure across Business, Risk, and IT divisions of the ?rm. In this book we describe some of our experience in modelling counterparty credit exposure, computing credit valuation adjustments, determining appropriate hedges, and building a reliable system.

Download or read book Econometric Analysis of Panel Data written by Badi H. Baltagi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook offers a comprehensive introduction to panel data econometrics, an area that has enjoyed considerable growth over the last two decades. Micro and Macro panels are becoming increasingly available, and methods for dealing with these types of data are in high demand among practitioners. Software programs have fostered this growth, including freely available programs in R and numerous user-written programs in both Stata and EViews. Written by one of the world’s leading researchers and authors in the field, Econometric Analysis of Panel Data has established itself as the leading textbook for graduate and postgraduate courses on panel data. It provides up-to-date coverage of basic panel data techniques, illustrated with real economic applications and datasets, which are available at the book’s website on springer.com. This new sixth edition has been fully revised and updated, and includes new material on dynamic panels, limited dependent variables and nonstationary panels, as well as spatial panel data. The author also provides empirical illustrations and examples using Stata and EViews. “This is a definitive book written by one of the architects of modern, panel data econometrics. It provides both a practical introduction to the subject matter, as well as a thorough discussion of the underlying statistical principles without taxing the reader too greatly." Professor Kajal Lahiri, State University of New York, Albany, USA. "This book is the most comprehensive work available on panel data. It is written by one of the leading contributors to the field, and is notable for its encyclopaedic coverage and its clarity of exposition. It is useful to theorists and to people doing applied work using panel data. It is valuable as a text for a course in panel data, as a supplementary text for more general courses in econometrics, and as a reference." Professor Peter Schmidt, Michigan State University, USA. “Panel data econometrics is in its ascendancy, combining the power of cross section averaging with all the subtleties of temporal and spatial dependence. Badi Baltagi provides a remarkable roadmap of this fascinating interface of econometric method, enticing the novitiate with technical gentleness, the expert with comprehensive coverage and the practitioner with many empirical applications.” Professor Peter C. B. Phillips, Cowles Foundation, Yale University, USA.

Download or read book Sense of Agency Examining Awareness of the Acting Self written by Nicole David and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sense of agency is defined as the sense of oneself as the agent of one's own actions. This also allows oneself to feel distinct from others, and contributes to the subjective phenomenon of self-consciousness (Gallagher, 2000). Distinguishing oneself from others is arguably one of the most important functions of the human brain. Even minor impairments in this ability profoundly affect the individual’s functioning in society as demonstrated by psychiatric and neurological syndromes involving agency disturbances (Della Sala et al., 1991; Franck et al., 2001; Frith, 2005; Sirigu et al., 1999). But the sense of agency also plays a role for cultural and religious phenomena such as voodoo, superstition and gambling, in which individuals experience subjective control over objectively uncontrollable entities (Wegner, 2003). Furthermore, it plays into ethical and law questions concerning responsibility and guilt. For these reasons a better understanding of the sense of agency has been important for neuroscientists, clinicians, philosophers of mind and the general society alike. Significant progress has been made in this regard. For example, philosophical scrutiny has helped establish the conceptual boundaries of the sense of agency (Bayne, 2011; Gallagher, 2000, 2012; Pacherie 2008; Synofzik et al., 2008) and scientific investigations have shed light on the neurocognitive basis of sense of agency including the brain regions supporting sense of agency (Chambon et al., 2013; David et al., 2007; Farrer et al., 2003, 2008; Spengler et al., 2009; Tsakiris et al., 2010; Yomogida et al., 2010). Despite this progress there remain a number of outstanding questions such as: • Are there cross-cultural differences in the sense of agency? • How does the sense of agency develop in infants or change across the lifespan? • How does social context influence sense of agency? • What neural networks support sense of agency (i.e., connectivity and communication between brain regions)? • What are the temporal dynamics with respect to neural processes underlying the sense of agency (i.e. the what and when of agency processing)? • How can different cue models of the sense of agency be further specified and empirically supported, especially with regards to cue integration/ weighting? • What are the applications of sense of agency research (clinically, engineering etc.)? The concept of the sense of agency offers intriguing avenues for knowledge transfer across disciplines and interdisciplinary empirical approaches, especially in addressing the afore-mentioned outstanding questions. The aim of the present research topic is to promote and facilitate such interdisciplinarity for a better understanding of why and how we typically experience our own actions so naturally and undoubtedly as “ours” and what goes awry when we do not. We, thus, welcome contributions from, for example, (i) neuroscience and psychology (including development psychology/ neuroscience), (ii) psychiatry and neurology, (iii) philosophy, (iv) robotics, and (v) computational modeling. In addition to empirical or scientific studies of the sense of agency, we also encourage theoretical contributions including reviews, models, and opinions.

Download or read book The Economics of Entrepreneurship written by Simon C. Parker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-11-12 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurship is an integral part of economic change and growth. Yet until recently it has been largely neglected by economists. In The Economics of Entrepreneurship, Simon C. Parker draws on theoretical insights and recent empirical findings to show how economics can contribute to our understanding of entrepreneurship. The book is based on an earlier work, The Economics of Self-employment and Entrepreneurship (Cambridge, 2004), that has quickly become an essential reference for academics researching the economics of entrepreneurship. Written in a more accessible style, this book contains much that made this earlier work so successful and, in addition, includes improved pedagogical features and new material on the theory of the firm, spin-offs, nascent entrepreneurship, growth-enhancing knowledge spillovers and social entrepreneurship. It can be used both as a reference text for academics from a variety of disciplines and as a textbook for graduate students.

Download or read book Handbook of Research Methods in Industrial and Organizational Psychology written by Steven G. Rogelberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Research Methods in Industrial and Organizational Psychology is a comprehensive and contemporary treatment of research philosophies, approaches, tools, and techniques indigenous to industrial and organizational psychology. Only available research handbook for Industrial & Organizational Psychology. Contributors are leading methodological & measurement scholars. Excellent balance of practical and theoretical insights which will be of interest to both novice and experienced organizational researchers. Great companion to the content-oriented Handbooks. Now available in full text online via xreferplus, the award-winning reference library on the web from xrefer. For more information, visit www.xreferplus.com

Download or read book Hard to Measure Goods and Services written by Ernst R. Berndt and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-02-15 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The celebrated economist Zvi Griliches’s entire career can be viewed as an attempt to advance the cause of accuracy in economic measurement. His interest in the causes and consequences of technical progress led to his pathbreaking work on price hedonics, now the principal analytical technique available to account for changes in product quality. Hard-to-Measure Goods and Services, a collection of papers from an NBER conference held in Griliches’s honor, is a tribute to his many contributions to current economic thought. Here, leading scholars of economic measurement address issues in the areas of productivity, price hedonics, capital measurement, diffusion of new technologies, and output and price measurement in “hard-to-measure” sectors of the economy. Furthering Griliches’s vital work that changed the way economists think about the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, this volume is essential for all those interested in the labor market, economic growth, production, and real output.

Download or read book Getting Prices Right written by Dean Baker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the CPI is used to index Social Security payments and many other federal programs, as well as to adjust tax brackets. Today, the accuracy of the CPI is being hotly debated, particularly in light of the Boskin Commission report that concluded in December 1996 that the CPI overstates inflation by 1.1%. If accepted and applied in the formulation of economic policy, the report would have major implications for balancing the federal budget. It would have a direct impact on the lives of Americans who are beneficiaries of government programs as well as on everyone who pays taxes. In this book, Dean Baker introduces and explains the significance of the debate, presents the full text of the Boskin Commission report and finally discusses in a far-reaching and insightful analysis both the Commission's research methodology and its conclusions.