Download or read book Does Sleep Restriction Impact Performance and Metacognition in an Episodic Memory Task An Experimental Study written by Marie Klamer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Psychology - Cognition, grade: B, Stockholm University, language: English, abstract: Sleep restriction is common in adults and has been linked to impairments in cognition, such as memory performance. However, less is known about how sleep restriction affects metacognition, the ability to monitor one’s cognitive processes. This experimental study aimed to (i) investigate if sleep restriction negatively impacts episodic memory performance and (ii) to examine if sleep restriction negatively affects two aspects of metacognition (confidence bias and metacognitive sensitivity). Using a within-subjects design, 148 participants performed an episodic memory task after two nights of restricted sleep (4h/night) and two nights of saturated sleep (9h/night) in a randomized order. The episodic memory task comprised the encoding and retrieval of indoor and outdoor images. Participants provided a confidence rating for each trial. Mixed model analyses revealed that participants performed less accurately after sleep restriction, were more confident in their performance, and had lower metacognitive sensitivity.
Download or read book Interindividual Differences in the Effects of Sleep Deficiency on Cognitive Performance written by Gina Mathew and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of American adults experience sleep deficiency, a multidimensional construct that includes insufficient quantity and poor quality of sleep. Both experimental sleep restriction (where participants experience several days of short sleep duration) and sleep disruption (where disruptive stimuli are presented to reduce sleep quality) impair performance, impacting global cognitive domains such as attention and more domain-specific cognitive performance such as working memory, visuospatial processing, and processing speed. The degree of performance impairment during sleep restriction varies widely among individuals, though interindividual vulnerability after sleep disruption has not been studied. This dissertation examined interindividual differences in performance during sleep deficiency using data from two inpatient studies: Sleep Restriction and SoundSleeping. The Sleep Restriction study was conducted in 15 healthy young men 20-35 years of age and included three nights of 10-hour time in bed (TIB), five nights of sleep restricted to 5 hours TIB, and two recovery nights of 10 hours TIB. The SoundSleeping study was conducted in 8 healthy men and women 35-50 years of age and included a night of habituation sleep, a night including either disruptive or enhancing auditory stimuli presented during sleep, a control sham night, and a night with either disruptive or enhancing auditory stimuli during sleep (whichever condition had not occurred two nights prior; order randomized and counterbalanced across participants), with 9-hour TIB all nights. Only disruptive and sham conditions were included in current analyses. During scheduled wake time for both studies (every 2 hours for Sleep Restriction and every 3 hours for SoundSleeping), participants completed a 20-minute cognitive battery assessing attention and domain-specific cognitive performance including working memory, visuospatial processing, and processing speed. Each cognitive battery was immediately followed by a survey assessing subjective alertness, motivation, and effort. Several aspects of interindividual differences in the effect of sleep deficiency on cognitive performance were examined. Chapter 2 tested whether the changes in subjective alertness, motivation, and effort from full rest to sleep restriction moderated the impact of sleep restriction on attentional performance. Results indicated that some aspects of attentional performance were differentially moderated by the changes in subjective motivation and subjective effort during sleep restriction. Chapter 3 examined whether attentional vulnerability after sleep restriction moderated the impact of sleep restriction on domain-specific cognitive performance. Results indicated that more vulnerable participants demonstrated greater working memory and visuospatial processing impairment during sleep restriction than did less vulnerable participants. Chapter 4 examined whether the differences in subjective alertness, motivation, and effort between sleep disruption and a sham control condition moderated the impact of sleep restriction on attentional performance; there were no significant interactions. Chapter 5 examined whether attentional vulnerability after the disruptive condition moderated the impact of sleep disruption on domain-specific cognitive performance. Results indicated that comparatively less vulnerable participants rated their confidence in incorrect responses on a working memory task as lower in the disruptive versus the sham conditions. Overall, the findings suggest similar effects of sleep restriction and sleep disruption on attentional performance, but that markers of interindividual differences in attention may differ between the types of sleep deficiency. Furthermore, attentional vulnerability is a marker of working memory and visuospatial impairment after sleep restriction but not sleep disruption.
Download or read book Sleep Personality and Social Behavior written by Zlatan Križan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to survey the limited scientific knowledge about how sleep intersects with personality and social behavior. This edited volume establishes a new interdisciplinary field of inquiry about sleep that examines sleep processes in the context of social behavior and social-cognitive processes (e.g., liking, respecting, helping, hurting, achieving), as well as individual differences in personality (i.e., chronic patterns of emotion, thought, and behavior). Contributors identify key gaps in scientific knowledge about sleep and its import for personality-social processes, aiming to shape future research efforts by scholars in psychology, biology, sociology, and sleep medicine. Among the topics discussed: How sleep shapes emotion regulation Sleep and temperament in early childhood Dynamics between sleep and self-control Implications for task performance Influence of sleep on social cognition and judgment Sleep, Personality, and Social Behavior comprehensively examines the role of sleep in emotion and motivation, the impact of sleep on social-cognitive processes, the dynamics between sleeping and relationships functioning, the import of sleep for group behavior, the role of personality differences in sleep, and the role of sleep in personality and social development. Researchers in personality and social psychology, health psychology, and neurology will find this an insightful book that addresses the significant gaps in scientific understanding of sleep.
Download or read book Why Torture Doesn t Work written by Shane O'Mara and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Torture is banned because it is cruel and inhumane. But as Shane O’Mara writes in this account of the human brain under stress, another reason torture should never be condoned is because it does not work the way torturers assume it does. In countless films and TV shows such as Homeland and 24, torture is portrayed as a harsh necessity. If cruelty can extract secrets that will save lives, so be it. CIA officers and others conducted torture using precisely this justification. But does torture accomplish what its defenders say it does? For ethical reasons, there are no scientific studies of torture. But neuroscientists know a lot about how the brain reacts to fear, extreme temperatures, starvation, thirst, sleep deprivation, and immersion in freezing water, all tools of the torturer’s trade. These stressors create problems for memory, mood, and thinking, and sufferers predictably produce information that is deeply unreliable—and, for intelligence purposes, even counterproductive. As O’Mara guides us through the neuroscience of suffering, he reveals the brain to be much more complex than the brute calculations of torturers have allowed, and he points the way to a humane approach to interrogation, founded in the science of brain and behavior. Torture may be effective in forcing confessions, as in Stalin’s Russia. But if we want information that we can depend on to save lives, O’Mara writes, our model should be Napoleon: “It has always been recognized that this way of interrogating men, by putting them to torture, produces nothing worthwhile.”
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Spontaneous Thought written by Kieran C. R. Fox and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where do spontaneous thoughts come from? It may be surprising that the seemingly straightforward answers "from the mind" or "from the brain" are in fact an incredibly recent understanding of the origins of spontaneous thought. For nearly all of human history, our thoughts - especially the most sudden, insightful, and important - were almost universally ascribed to divine or other external sources. Only in the past few centuries have we truly taken responsibility for their own mental content, and finally localized thought to the central nervous system - laying the foundations for a protoscience of spontaneous thought. But enormous questions still loom: what, exactly, is spontaneous thought? Why does our brain engage in spontaneous forms of thinking, and when is this most likely to occur? And perhaps the question most interesting and accessible from a scientific perspective: how does the brain generate and evaluate its own spontaneous creations? Spontaneous thought includes our daytime fantasies and mind-wandering; the flashes of insight and inspiration familiar to the artist, scientist, and inventor; and the nighttime visions we call dreams. This Handbook brings together views from neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, phenomenology, history, education, contemplative traditions, and clinical practice to begin to address the ubiquitous but poorly understood mental phenomena that we collectively call 'spontaneous thought.' In studying such an abstruse and seemingly impractical subject, we should remember that our capacity for spontaneity, originality, and creativity defines us as a species - and as individuals. Spontaneous forms of thought enable us to transcend not only the here and now of perceptual experience, but also the bonds of our deliberately-controlled and goal-directed cognition; they allow the space for us to be other than who we are, and for our minds to think beyond the limitations of our current viewpoints and beliefs.
Download or read book Psychology in the Classroom written by Marc Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experienced classroom practitioners who are experts in the field of psychology, Psychology in the Classroom provides a thorough grounding in the key principles of psychology and explores how they can be applied to teaching and learning. It draws on both classic and cutting-edge research, offering practical advice on commonly overlooked or misunderstood concepts that contribute to positive academic outcomes. It aims to show the value of psychology in enabling teachers to make and justify everyday classroom decisions. Designed to equip teachers with the skills to identify and tackle common issues that affect students’ learning, each chapter highlights key areas of research and discusses how lesson planning and material design can be informed by the psychological concepts presented. It covers core areas essential for improving learning, including: memory and understanding; creativity; motivation; independent learning; resilience; cognition; and self-theories and mindsets. Full of advice and strategies, Psychology in the Classroom is aimed at both new and experienced teachers, across primary, secondary and post-16 education, providing them with practical ways to apply these psychological principles in the classroom. With an emphasis on understanding the theories and evidence behind human behaviour, this book will allow you to reflect critically on your own classroom practice, as well as making simple but valuable changes.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Motivation and Learning written by K. Ann Renninger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 1172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading researchers in educational and social psychology, learning science, and neuroscience, this edited volume is suitable for a wide-academic readership. It gives definitions of key terms related to motivation and learning alongside developed explanations of significant findings in the field. It also presents cohesive descriptions concerning how motivation relates to learning, and produces a novel and insightful combination of issues and findings from studies of motivation and/or learning across the authors' collective range of scientific fields. The authors provide a variety of perspectives on motivational constructs and their measurement, which can be used by multiple and distinct scientific communities, both basic and applied.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognition and Education written by John Dunlosky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-07 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook reviews a wealth of research in cognitive and educational psychology that investigates how to enhance learning and instruction to aid students struggling to learn and to advise teachers on how best to support student learning. The Handbook includes features that inform readers about how to improve instruction and student achievement based on scientific evidence across different domains, including science, mathematics, reading and writing. Each chapter supplies a description of the learning goal, a balanced presentation of the current evidence about the efficacy of various approaches to obtaining that learning goal, and a discussion of important future directions for research in this area. It is the ideal resource for researchers continuing their study of this field or for those only now beginning to explore how to improve student achievement.
Download or read book Sleep and Brain Activity written by Marcos G. Frank and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-07-25 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sleep and the Brain presents some of the more dramatic developments in our understanding of brain activity in sleep. The book discusses what parts of the brain are active in sleep and how, and presents research on the function of sleep in memory, learning, and further brain development.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Working Memory and Learning written by Susan Gathercole and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2008-01-09 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr Tracy Alloway has been awarded the prestigious Joseph Lister Award from the British Science Association. ′The authors have written a guide for practitioners that is both highly practical, and yet based upon sound theoretical principles....This book achieves a successful, yet often elusive, link between theory, research and practice, and deserves to have a high readership. I will have no hesitation in recommending it to a range of readers′ - Jane Mott, Support for Learning ′This book fulfils its aim to explain working memory and the limits it places on children′s classroom learning. For teachers it gives a very clear guide and fills a gap in understanding that can only lead to more child-centred approaches to teaching and learning′ - Lynn Ambler, Support for Learning ′A clear and accessible account of current theory and research, which is then applied to children′s learning in the classroom....The range of strategies...are well grounded in theory derived from research and sit within a coherent conceptual model′ - The Psychologist ′An easy to read yet informative book that explains the concepts clearly and offers practitioners ways to support those with poor working memory in the classroom′ - SNIP `The topic of working memory nowadays tends to dominate discussions with teachers and parents, and both groups can helpfully be directed to this easy-to-read but serious text ... (it) is likely to prove a turning-point in the management and facilitation of hard-to-teach children. In a situation muddied by ever-multiplying syndromes and disorders, this book delivers a clarifying and reassuring isolation of the major cognitive characteristic that cuts across all the boundaries and leaves the class teacher and SENCO empowered. I think very highly of the book and shall be recommending it steadily′ - Martin Turner, Child Center for Evaluation and Teaching, Kuwait Susan Gathercole is winner of the British Psychological Society′s President′s Award for 2007 A good working memory is crucial to becoming a successful learner, yet there is very little material available in an easy-to-use format that explains the concept and offers practitioners ways to support children with poor working memory in the classroom. This book provides a coherent overview of the role played by working memory in learning during the school years, and uses theory to inform good practice. Topics covered include: - the link between working memory skills and key areas of learning (such as literacy & numeracy) - the relationship between working memory and children with developmental disorders - assessment of children for working memory deficits - strategies for supporting working memory in under-performing children This accessible guide will help SENCOs, teachers, teaching assistants, speech and language therapists and educational psychologists to understand and address working memory in their setting.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology written by Ronald T. Kellogg and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2015-01-07 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its reader-friendly style, this concise text offers a solid introduction to the fundamental concepts of cognitive psychology. Covering neuroimaging, emotion, and cognitive development, author Ronald T. Kellogg integrates the latest developments in cognitive neuroscience for a cutting-edge exploration of the field today. With new pedagogy, relevant examples, and an expanded full-color insert, Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology, Third Edition is sure to engage students interested in an accessible and applied approach to cognitive psychology.
Download or read book An Introduction to Applied Cognitive Psychology written by Anthony Esgate and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a student friendly review of recent research in the application of cognitive methods, theories and models to real-world scenarios.
Download or read book Sleep Deprivation and Cognition written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sleep Deprivation and Cognition, Volume 247, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, covers the effects of sleep deprivation, with this new release featuring sections on the Impact of sleep deprivation on long-term memory, Adolescent sleep restriction effects on cognition and mood, Self- regulation and social behavior during sleep deprivation, Experiential decision-making and the effects of sleep loss, Sleep deprivation and dynamic attentional control, a Pharmacogenetic approach to understanding sleep deprivation and cognition, Neuroimaging of functional connectivity in the sleep-deprived brain: what does it tell us?, and more. Brings together scientists working in the area of sleep deprivation with scientists involved in research and theory in cognitive neuroscience Fosters theory-driven research on sleep loss and cognition while also advancing a general understanding of cognitive neuroscience Provides a foundation for the design of countermeasures to prevent human errors and accidents caused by sleep loss
Download or read book Advances in Applied Sport Psychology written by Stephen Mellalieu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Applied Sport Psychology aims to bridge the gap between research and practice in contemporary sport psychology. Now available in paperback, the book draws together reviews of cutting edge research in key areas of applied sport psychology, assesses the implications of this research for current practice, and explores future avenues of research within each thematic area. This book surveys the scientific literature underpinning the most important skills and techniques employed in contemporary sport psychology, examining key topics such as: imagery goal setting self-talk stress management team building efficacy management attention control emotion regulation mental toughness. Representing the most up-to-date review of current scientific research, theory and practice in sport psychology, this book is a vital resource for all advanced students, researchers and practitioners working with athletes and sports performers.
Download or read book Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities written by Diane F. Halpern and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000-02 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the third edition of her popular text, Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities, Diane Halpern tackles fundamental questions about the meaning of sex differences in cognition and why people are so afraid of the differences. She provides a comprehensive context for understanding the theories and research on this controversial topic. The author employs the psychobiosocial model of cognition to negotiate a cease fire on the nature-nurture wars and offers a more holistic and integrative conceptualization of the forces that make people unique. This new edition reflects the explosion of theories and research in the area over the past several years. New techniques for peering into the human brain have changed the nature of the questions being asked and the kinds of answers that can be expected. There have been surprising new findings on the influence of sex hormones on cognitive abilities across the life span, as well as an increasing number of studies examining how attention paid to category variables such as one's sex, race, or age affects unconscious and automatic cognitive processes. Written in a clear, engaging style, this new edition takes a refreshing look at the science and politics of cognitive sex differences. Although it is a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of scientific theory and research into how, why, when, and to what extent females and males differ in intellectual abilities, it conveys complex ideas and interrelationships among variables in an engrossing and understandable manner, bridging the gap between sensationalized 'pop' literature and highly technical scientific journals. Halpern's thought-provoking perspectives on this controversial topic will be of interest to students and professionals alike. [features used for book mailer] FEATURES: *Includes new information about sex differences and similarities in the brain, the role of sex hormones on cognition (including exciting new work on hormone replacement therapy during menopause), new perspectives from evolutionary psychology, the way stereotypes and other group-based expectations unconsciously and automatically influence thought, the influence of pervasive sex-differentiated child rearing and other sex role effects, and understanding how research is conducted and interpreted. *Takes a cognitive process approach that examines similarities and differences in visuospatial working memory, verbal working memory, long-term acquisition and retrieval, sensation and perception, and other stages in information processing. *Provides a developmental analysis of sex differences and similarities in cognition extending from the early prenatal phase into very old age. *Tackles both political and scientific issues and explains how they influence each other--readers are warned that science is not value-free. *Uses cross-cultural data and warns readers about the limitations on conclusions that have not been assessed in multiple cultures. *Includes many new figures and tables that summarize complex issues and provide section reviews. It is a beautifully written book by a master teacher who really cares about presenting a clear and honest picture of contemporary psychology's most politicized topic.
Download or read book The Psychology of Sex Differences written by Eleanor E. Maccoby and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Stanford University Press classic.
