Download or read book Does Public Sector Employment Fully Crowd Out Private Sector Employment written by Mr.Alberto Behar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We quantify the extent to which public-sector employment crowds out private-sector employment using specially assembled datasets for a large cross-section of developing and advanced countries, and discuss the implications for countries in the Middle East, North Africa, Caucasus and Central Asia. These countries simultaneously display high unemployment rates, low private-sector employment rates and high proportions of government-sector employment. Regressions of either private-sector employment rates or unemployment rates on two measures of public-sector employment point to full crowding out. This means that high rates of public employment, which incur substantial fiscal costs, have a large negative impact on private employment rates and do not reduce overall unemployment rates.
Download or read book Does Public Sector Employment Fully Crowd Out Private Sector Employment written by Alberto Behar and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employment matters for development because it can raise household income, lower inequality, promote economic growth, and contribute to political stability. Many countries have high rates of public employment, but what effect does this have on overall employment and unemployment rates? This paper investigates if and to what extent public-sector employment crowds out (reduces) private-sector employment. In particular, we estimate regressions of unemployment or private-sector employment on two measures of public-sector employment. The study uses an especially assembled dataset, which is novel for its coverage of a large sample of developing countries as part of a panel of rich and poor countries. Our results point to full or just about full crowding-out for the entire sample. Unlike previous cross-country studies, which were restricted to advanced economies, we are able to show that these results also apply to developing countries, although crowding-out may not be quite as high as in advanced economies. The results mean that high rates of public employment have an offsetting large negative impact on private employment rates and do not reduce overall unemployment rates. With the qualifier that government activities may help the economy in other ways, our results imply that, rather than creating public-sector jobs, scarce fiscal resources could be better spent on other developmental needs.
Download or read book Does Public Sector Employment Fully Crowd Out Private Sector Employment written by Mr.Alberto Behar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We quantify the extent to which public-sector employment crowds out private-sector employment using specially assembled datasets for a large cross-section of developing and advanced countries, and discuss the implications for countries in the Middle East, North Africa, Caucasus and Central Asia. These countries simultaneously display high unemployment rates, low private-sector employment rates and high proportions of government-sector employment. Regressions of either private-sector employment rates or unemployment rates on two measures of public-sector employment point to full crowding out. This means that high rates of public employment, which incur substantial fiscal costs, have a large negative impact on private employment rates and do not reduce overall unemployment rates.
Download or read book The State at Work written by Hans-Ulrich Derlien and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the most extensive research on public employment, these two volumes explore the radical changes that have taken place in the configuration of national public services due to a general expansion of public employment that was followed by stagnation and decreases. Part-time employment and the involvement of women also increased as a component of the public sector and were linked to the most important growth areas such as the educational, health care and personal social services sectors. The two volumes that make up this study shed important insight on these changes. Volume 1 offers a unique internationally comparative multi-dimensional analysis of ten public service systems belonging to different families of major advanced western countries. It contains the most comprehensive and comparable quantitative analyses available anywhere of ten public service systems; Britain, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, the US, Germany, Spain, France, Denmark and Sweden. Volume 2 is a comprehensive analysis of the ten public service systems, with in-depth comparisons of the systems along eight dimensions including central-regional-local government employment proportions and the change of the services since the 1950s with respect to social composition (gender, minorities, elites, career groups). Scholars and professionals in the fields of public administration, politics and economics will find this two-volume compendium informative and practical.
Download or read book Public Service Employment written by Alan Gartner and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Government Compensation and Employment Institutions Policies and Reform Challenges written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-08-04 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government compensation and employment policies are important for the efficient delivery of public services which are crucial for the functioning of economies and the general prosperity of societies. On average, spending on the wage bill absorbs around one-fifth of total spending. Cross-country variation in wage spending reflects, in part, national choices about the government’s role in priority sectors, as well as variations in the level of economic development and resource constraints.
Download or read book Middle East Reloaded written by Phillipp O. Amour, Ph.D. and published by Academica Press. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle East is a center of ceaseless global attention. Since 2011, the long awaited and much celebrated Arab Spring uprisings portended a major shift in the politics of the Arab World. Notably, a number of Arab states witnessed institutional and constitutional shifts that put them on the path of transition to liberalization and democracy. Nevertheless, the Arab Spring followed a violent and unpredictable course. Although its events marked a break in the continuity of authoritarian dominance, most of its changes have not ultimately proved to be turning points in democratic development. The Arab Spring phenomenon witnessed a set of uprisings and even would-be-revolutions, but no great revolutionary change. Edited by Professor Philipp Amour of prestigious Sakarya University, this volume presents the work of numerous distinguished scholars, including many native to the region, who explore the fascinating variety of factors behind the rise and fall of the Arab Spring. As they establish, regional polarization and rivalries are the principal accompanying phenomena and side effects of the Arab Spring, and they will demand the world's attention for decades to come. Power dynamics between and among regional great powers have invited proactive, protracted, and very topical military and diplomatic involvement in domestic and regional politics. Some of these interventions will uphold the status quo, while others seem more likely to modify it for the powers' strategic advantage. Authored by leading world experts in Middle Eastern politics, this collection explores foreign and security policy of regional great powers such as Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and their roles in the construction of the new Middle East.
Download or read book Costa Rica written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Costa Rica is reaping the benefits from the home-grown reform program that has been implemented since 2021 and enabled the country to restore confidence in its policy frameworks, withstand multiple external shocks, and push forward key reforms. Despite strong growth, inflation has fallen sharply. International reserves are on an upward path and public debt is falling.
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys Luxembourg 2022 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-17 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Luxembourg recovered quickly from the COVID-19 pandemic thanks to extensive policy support. However, the impact of the war in Ukraine is exacerbating inflationary pressures, alongside labour market shortages.
Download or read book Saudi Arabia written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper assesses the importance of oil and interest rate spillovers for Saudi Arabia. Oil prices have fallen by more than 40 percent since mid-2014 while the Federal Reserve is expected in the coming months to begin raising its policy rate at the beginning of a gradual tightening cycle. Given the importance of oil to the economy and the peg of the riyal to the U.S. dollar, these are two key developments for Saudi Arabia. Although a temporary drop in oil prices would likely have little effect on the economy and banks given the financial cushions that have been built-up, a longer-lasting period of low oil prices would have a more significant impact.
Download or read book The Job Guarantee written by M. Murray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-01-07 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely collection will be the first of its kind to focus on the practical application of the government job guarantee (JG) for both developed and developing economies. Global case studies include: United States, China, Ghana, Argentina, Ireland, Iceland, and India.
Download or read book Africa on the Move written by Mr.Lamin Y Leigh and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the reforms needed to move small middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa to advanced-economy status. The result of intense discussions with public officials in the countries covered, the book blends rigorous theory, econometrics, and practitioners' insights to come up with practical recommendations for policymakers. It spans topics from macroeconomic vulnerability and reserve adequacy to labor market institutions and financial inclusion. The book is a must-read for researchers interested in the economic issues facing developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Download or read book Unproductive Public Expenditures written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-04-04 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public expenditure policy, together with efforts to raise revenue,is at the core of efficient and equitable adjustment. Public expenditureproductivity has critical implications for fiscal adjustment, particularly as the competition for limited public resources intensifies.By providing a framework for defining and analyzing public expenditureproductivity and unproductive expenditures, this pamphlet discusseshow economic policymakers may approach these issues.
Download or read book The Government Analytics Handbook written by Daniel Rogger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 1197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government Analytics Handbook presents frontier evidence and practitioner insights on how to leverage data to strengthen public administration. Covering a range of microdata sources—such as administrative data and public servant surveys—as well as tools and resources for undertaking the analytics, it transforms the ability of governments to take a data-informed approach to diagnose and improve how public organizations work. Readers can order the book as a single volume in print or digital formats, or visit worldbank.org/governmentanalytics for modular access and additional hands-on tools. The Handbook is a must-have for practitioners, policy makers, academics, and government agencies. “Governments have long been assessed using aggregate governance indicators, giving us little insight into their diversity and how they can practically be improved. This pioneering handbook shows how microdata can be used to give scholars and practitioners granular and real insights into how states work, and practical guidance on the process of state-building.†? —Francis Fukuyama, Stanford University, author of State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century “The Government Analytics Handbook is the most comprehensive work on practically building government administration I have ever seen, helping practitioners to change public administration for the better.†? —Francisco Gaetani, Special Secretary for State Transformation, Government of Brazil “The machinery of the state is central to a country’s prosperity. This handbook provides insights and methodological tools for creating a better shared understanding of the realities of a state, to support the redesign of institutions, and improve the quality of public administration.†? —James Robinson, University of Chicago, coauthor of Why Nations Fail
Download or read book Building Inclusive Labour Markets in Kazakhstan A Focus on Youth Older Workers and People with Disabilities written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a review of the labour market and social policies that could help Kazakhstan in its dual objectives of building more inclusive labour markets, while maintaining a path of strong growth.
Download or read book The Macroeconomics of the Arab States of the Gulf written by Raphael Espinoza and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economies of the Arab states of the Gulf have gone through considerable changes in the last decade, spurred by high oil prices and ambitious diversification plans. Large-scale immigration provided the labour force while capital inflows and financial development leveraged oil wealth to finance diversification. The collapse in real estate prices around the world followed by the global crisis slowed growth and raised questions on the appropriateness of what has been dubbed the 'GCC model'. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have thus far managed to leverage their large natural resource wealth to achieve economic prosperity and finance social advances, and the region also emerged as an important source of funds for the other countries in the Middle East. Nevertheless, the GCC face several challenges. Productivity growth must increase to fully reap the benefits of investment. Jobs must be created for the nationals and the growing youth population. State intervention (which is prevalent, given that oil revenues accrue to the government) must become efficient and be used to diversify and modernize the economy. In addition, the recent crisis highlighted the importance of fiscal, monetary, and financial stability policies to manage macroeconomic cycles. This book analyses these issues and combines data and econometric analysis with theoretical discussions. It concludes with a discussion of the importance of the GCC for the wider region.
Download or read book Botswana written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper examines fiscal policy implications for labor market and economic diversification in Botswana. The IMF report analyzes that large public employment significantly affect labor market outcomes in middle-income countries, including Botswana. It is noted that reforms aimed at reducing the rents and the size of the public sector is likely to significantly improve market outcomes in Botswana. As part of efforts to find new engines of growth and support sustainable long-term and broad-based growth, Botswana has over the years also vigorously pursued policies to diversify the economy.
