Download or read book Does International Security Assistance Make an Impact Evaluating the Strategic Effectiveness of Military Aid written by Jonathan David Bate and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is the leading donor of international security assistance worldwide, providing over $15 billion annually in various forms of grant assistance to over 150 recipient states, in addition to myriad direct military-to-military training engagements. However, very little security assistance is quantitatively evaluated, which creates a large gap in the academic and policy literatures. This dissertation contributes to filling the gap by proposing theoretical frameworks and leveraging empirical methods to measure the strategic outcomes of security assistance programs at the national and subnational levels. I evaluate two types of programs: security force assistance to local defense forces (LDFs) and conventional military grant assistance. I find that the establishment of LDFs through the Afghan Local Police (ALP) program was associated with decreased insurgent attacks and increased state control in strategically important Afghan districts during 2010-2016. However, it was also correlated with an increase in both IED attacks in treated districts and overall attacks in neighboring districts lacking LDFs. Additionally, the troop drawdown corresponding with the 2014 ISAF dissolution reduced external oversight and local expectations of central government survival to a degree which appears to have erased the gains associated with LDFs and possibly facilitated insurgent control. Lastly, I investigate the relationship between U.S. military grant assistance and recipient state "military effort, " proxied by national military expenditures. I find that the Foreign Military Financing (FMF), Excess Defense Articles (EDA), and International Military Education & Training (IMET) programs are associated with increased military spending. However, the positive EDA correlation holds only for non-allies, suggesting a substitution effect due to more robust allied security commitments.
Download or read book Strategic US Foreign Assistance written by Rhonda L. Callaway and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One major dilemma regarding US foreign policy is when and how the US should address human rights around the globe and what responsibility exists for the US to promote human rights in the countries that receive US aid. Does US policy for foreign assistance really address human rights or is it merely another instrument in the US foreign policy toolbox? This insightful book addresses several key themes and questions revolving around the complex nature of US foreign policy and human rights. It examines US foreign policy and human rights, as well as the evolution of US assistance, and includes empirical evidence and case studies of Plan Colombia, Turkey and the war on terror, India and Pakistan. It closes with a look at the future of foreign aid.
Download or read book International Security written by Joseph A. Christoff and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2006, the U.S. created two new programs, authorized in Sections 1206 and 1207 of the FY 2006 Nat. Defense Author. Act, to respond to the threats of global terrorism and instability. These programs have provided over $1.3 billion in military and non-military aid to 62 countries and are due to expire in 2011 and 2010, respectively. This report addresses the extent to which the programs: (1) are consistent with U.S. strategic priorities; (2) are distinct from other programs; (3) address sustainment needs; and (4) incorporate monitoring and evaluation. The report analyzed data and program documents from the DoD and State Dept., and the USAID, and interviewed U.S. and host country officials. Includes recommendations. Charts and tables.
Download or read book U S Army Security Cooperation written by Thomas S. Szayna and published by Minnesota Historical Society. This book was released on 2004 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the realm of security cooperation--peacetime activities undertaken by the U.S. armed services with other armed forces and countries--the U.S. Army's current planning process is exceedingly complex and difficult to coordinate, control, and measure. This monograph seeks to help the U.S. Army improve its ability to assess future demand for resources devoted to security cooperation and to evaluate the impact of these demands upon the resources available to the Army.
Download or read book Integrating 21st Century Development and Security Assistance written by J. Stephen Morrison and published by CSIS. This book was released on 2008 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few years, the Pentagon's role as a direct provider of foreign assistance has surged. The Department of Defense (DOD) has assumed an expanding role in counterterrorism, capacity building, post-conflict operations, and humanitarian assistance--beyond implementing traditional military-to-military programs supported by State Department funds. The CSIS Task Force on Nontraditional Security Assistance was constituted to identify the main drivers behind these trends; to assess Pentagon performance in several nontraditional areas; to examine what is happening in the diplomatic and development spheres; to evaluate the implications of DOD's enlarged role for U.S. national security, foreign policy, and development objectives; and to offer concrete recommendations to foster a balanced and sustainable division of responsibilities between the Pentagon and U.S. civilian agencies. The task force also examined the newly launched U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) as a case study for the coordination of military activities with those of the diplomatic and development communities.
Download or read book Measuring the Immeasurable written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2018-05-12 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the fundamental struggles of U.S. conflicts in the post-World War II era continues to be how to utilize the military instrument of national power as a way to influence people and populations in order to achieve national objectives. In the 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Dempsey specifies that conducting humanitarian assistance is one of the twelve different ways in which the U.S. military achieves national security objectives. Given this support, there is ever increasing reliance on Humanitarian and Civic Assistance (HCA), specifically engineering civic assistance projects (ENCAPs), as a way to shape the operational environment. Given this increased utilization, assessing their effectiveness towards achieving national security objectives becomes paramount. However, an adequate method of assessment does not exist. The development of such a system will increase the value and effectiveness of ENCAPs given their expanded utilization in a fiscally austere environment that threatens to reduce or eliminate their funding. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION * Background of the Study * Research Questions * Significance of the Study * Definitions * Methodology * Limitations and Delimitations * Summary * CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW * Introduction * What are the objectives of ENCAPs? * What Objectives Have ENCAPs Been Used to Achieve in the Past? * What National Security Objectives Link to ENCAPs? * What Are the Legal and Policy Requirements of ENCAPs? * How Does the Military Assess ENCAPs? * How Does the DoD Currently Assess ENCAPs? * How Has the DoD Assessed ENCAPs in the Past? * What other methods exist for assessing ENCAPs? * Prototype Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluating DoD Humanitarian Assistance Projects * Learning through Evaluation with Accountability and Planning: World Vision's Approach to Design, Monitoring and Evaluation * Evaluation of Humanitarian Action: Pilot Guide * Summary * CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY * Introduction * Grounded Theory Methodology * Data Analysis * Data Collection * Role of the Researcher * Limitations and Delimitations * Summary * CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS * Introduction * Objectives of ENCAPs * Historical Objectives of ENCAPs * ENCAP Objectives as Related to National Security * ENCAP Objectives Required by U.S. Law and DoD Policy * Military Assessment of ENCAPs * Current DoD Assessment Formats * Historical DoD Assessment Formats * Other Existing Methods for Assessing ENCAPs * Prototype Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluating DoD Humanitarian Assistance Projects. * Learning through Evaluation with Accountability and Planning: World Vision's Approach to Design, Monitoring and Evaluation. * Evaluation of Humanitarian Action: Pilot Guide * Core Phenomenon: Lack of Long Term Assessment of ENCAPs * Do ENCAPs Achieve National Security Objectives? * Summary * CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS * Conclusions * Strategies * Consequences * Recommendations * Proposed Model for Assessing ENCAPs * Recommended Changes to Policy * Areas Warranting Further Research * Closing
Download or read book How Does United States Security Assistance Affect Host Nation Democratization Analysis of State and Defense Department Help to Lebanon and Pakistan E written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does U.S. security assistance affect host nation democratization? This thesis analyzes Department of State and Department of Defense assistance over time to Lebanon and Pakistan to evaluate its effects on the host nation's political rights and civil liberties, measured by Freedom House ratings. In both cases, changes in Freedom House ratings did not correlate consistently with changes in U.S. security assistance. The influence of U.S. security assistance on host nation governance is frequently over-stated. U.S. security assistance has minimal effect on democratization compared to local and regional actors, because it is designed and resourced primarily to accomplish security objectives, not to drive enduring institutional reform. If the United States wanted security assistance to decisively support democratization, then it would need to design and resource security assistance and security cooperation programs differently. Redesigning U.S. security assistance to supersede the influence of other factors on democratization would require increasing funding toward defense institution building, making security assistance conditional on political rights and civil liberties performance, and consistently integrating security assistance within a whole-of-government strategy toward the host nation for a generation or more. Since spreading democracy was a frequently stated characteristic of U.S. foreign policy since the end of the Cold War, it is expected that SA efforts support policy objectives to the maximum extent possible. Funding allocated by U.S. Congress is what enables the executive branch to conduct SA in accordance with applicable laws. If SA supports democratization, then the United States should fund SA liberally if it wants to promote democracy
Download or read book Assessing Monitoring and Evaluating Army Security Cooperation written by Angela O'Mahony and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To help the Army increase the effectiveness of its security cooperation activities, this report examines when Army security cooperation can have the greatest impact, and how the Army should assess, monitor, and evaluate security cooperation.
Download or read book Security Assistance written by Charles Michael Johnson, Jr. and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-28 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following Syria’s withdrawal from Lebanon in 2005 and war between Israel and Hezbollah in 2006, U.S. agencies increased their allocations of security assistance for Lebanon from $3 million in 2005 to about $28 million in 2006. This included training and equipment funded and implemented by the Depts. of State or Defense (DOD) for the Lebanese Armed Forces and Internal Security Forces of Lebanon. However, questions remain regarding the effectiveness of security assistance as a tool of U.S. policy in Lebanon, including concerns about the influence of foreign actors, primarily Syria and Iran, and extremist militant groups operating in Lebanon. This report reviewed U.S. security assistance to Lebanon. Covering FY 2007 through 2012, it assessed the extent to which the U.S. government (1) adjusted its strategic goals and security assistance programs in Lebanon; (2) funded assistance programs for Lebanese security forces; and (3) evaluated the effectiveness of security assistance programs in Lebanon. Figures and tbles. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book The Road to War written by Marvin L. Kalb and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Road to War examines how presidential commitments can lead to the use of American military force, and to war. Marvin Kalb notes that since World War II, "presidents have relied more on commitments, public and private, than they have on declarations of war, even though the U.S. Constitution declares rather unambiguously that Congress has the responsibility to "declare" war.
Download or read book Building Security in Africa written by Stephen Watts and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has sought to combat security threats in Africa principally by supporting partner governments, and security sector assistance (SSA) has been one of the primary tools it has used. Rigorous evaluations of the overall impact of SSA, however, have been extremely rare. A RAND Corporation study used statistical models to evaluate the impact that U.S.-provided SSA has had on political violence in Africa-in particular, the incidence of civil wars and insurgencies, terrorist attacks, and state repression. The authors found that SSA has had a mixed record. During the Cold War, SSA likely exacerbated instability, leading to a higher incidence of civil wars. During the post-Cold War era, it seems to have had little net effect, likely reflecting recipient-government failures to sustain the capabilities developed through SSA and to harness these capability gains to effective political-military strategies. When SSA has been implemented in conjunction with peacekeeping operations, however, it has had a consistently positive impact across a range of outcomes, including the likelihood of civil war recurrence, the incidence of terrorist attacks, and the extent of state repression. These findings have important implications for future U.S. policies in Africa and potentially beyond.
Download or read book Offshoring Militarism written by Eric J. Schwab and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the determinants, effects, and implications of contemporary United States foreign policy tools, with a focus on U.S. foreign aid programs which provide military equipment, weapons, and security sector training to foreign countries -- generally known as military aid or security assistance. I focus on how and why U.S. policymakers have used these foreign policy tools to pursue various strategic interests and goals around the world -- primarily from the end of the Cold War through the late War on Terror -- and question the effectiveness of this these programs for achieving such goals. In the first chapter, I study how the U.S. uses military aid as a way to promote U.S. arms exports in the competitive global arms market. I argue that the U.S. utilizes military aid as a way to maintain its market share dominance in arms importing countries, in order to prevent recipients from turning to competitor arms suppliers, such as China and Russia. I find that increased relative funding of military aid and security assistance correlates with recipient countries where the U.S. maintains a greater share of the arms import market. In the second chapter, I study the contemporary policy of using security assistance to prevent internal instability abroad, and examine the relationship between U.S. security assistance programs and changes in recipient states' internal instability. I describe several mechanisms by which security assistance may fail to improve stability in states with fragile domestic institutions, and how such assistance can potentially stoke conflict or empower abusive regimes and security sectors. I find that increased relative amounts of U.S. security assistance funding does not correlate with improving indicators of state fragility, but instead correlates with slightly worsening state fragility scores. In the final chapter, I examine the fundamental flaws in how U.S. security assistance policies are developed and implemented to achieve the U.S.'s various strategic goals. I argue that security assistance programs often reflect the short-term and shifting political strategies and concerns of U.S. policymakers, rather than the conditions or root causes of problems within the recipient countries. I also argue that these programs are strategically and substantively inadequate for achieving long-term policy goals in recipient countries or for solving complex, institutional problems abroad. I use two critical case studies of security assistance recipients -- Pakistan and Colombia -- and find that in both cases, security assistance policies lacked a long-term strategy, were inadequate for addressing the goals set forth by U.S. policymakers, and generated counterproductive effects. These chapters contribute to research and policy debates on the limits, effectiveness, and implications of contemporary U.S. foreign policy.
Download or read book Humanitarian Military Intervention written by Taylor B. Seybolt and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military intervention in a conflict without a reasonable prospect of success is unjustifiable, especially when it is done in the name of humanity. Couched in the debate on the responsibility to protect civilians from violence and drawing on traditional 'just war' principles, the centralpremise of this book is that humanitarian military intervention can be justified as a policy option only if decision makers can be reasonably sure that intervention will do more good than harm. This book asks, 'Have past humanitarian military interventions been successful?' It defines success as saving lives and sets out a methodology for estimating the number of lives saved by a particular military intervention. Analysis of 17 military operations in six conflict areas that were thedefining cases of the 1990s-northern Iraq after the Gulf War, Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, Kosovo and East Timor-shows that the majority were successful by this measure. In every conflict studied, however, some military interventions succeeded while others failed, raising the question, 'Why have some past interventions been more successful than others?' This book argues that the central factors determining whether a humanitarian intervention succeeds are theobjectives of the intervention and the military strategy employed by the intervening states. Four types of humanitarian military intervention are offered: helping to deliver emergency aid, protecting aid operations, saving the victims of violence and defeating the perpetrators of violence. Thefocus on strategy within these four types allows an exploration of the political and military dimensions of humanitarian intervention and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each of the four types.Humanitarian military intervention is controversial. Scepticism is always in order about the need to use military force because the consequences can be so dire. Yet it has become equally controversial not to intervene when a government subjects its citizens to massive violation of their basic humanrights. This book recognizes the limits of humanitarian intervention but does not shy away from suggesting how military force can save lives in extreme circumstances.
Download or read book Bending History written by Martin S. Indyk and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2013-09-04 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the time of Barack Obama's inauguration as the 44th president of the United States, he had already developed an ambitious foreign policy vision. By his own account, he sought to bend the arc of history toward greater justice, freedom, and peace; within a year he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, largely for that promise. In Bending History, Martin Indyk, Kenneth Lieberthal, and Michael O’Hanlon measure Obama not only against the record of his predecessors and the immediate challenges of the day, but also against his own soaring rhetoric and inspiring goals. Bending History assesses the considerable accomplishments as well as the failures and seeks to explain what has happened. Obama's best work has been on major and pressing foreign policy challenges—counterterrorism policy, including the daring raid that eliminated Osama bin Laden; the "reset" with Russia; managing the increasingly significant relationship with China; and handling the rogue states of Iran and North Korea. Policy on resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, however, has reflected serious flaws in both strategy and execution. Afghanistan policy has been plagued by inconsistent messaging and teamwork. On important "softer" security issues—from energy and climate policy to problems in Africa and Mexico—the record is mixed. As for his early aspiration to reshape the international order, according greater roles and responsibilities to rising powers, Obama's efforts have been well-conceived but of limited effectiveness. On issues of secondary importance, Obama has been disciplined in avoiding fruitless disputes (as with Chavez in Venezuela and Castro in Cuba) and insisting that others take the lead (as with Qaddafi in Libya). Notwithstanding several missteps, he has generally managed well the complex challenges of the Arab awakenings, striving to strike the right balance between U.S. values and interests. The authors see Obama's foreign policy to date as a triumph of discipline and realism over ideology. He has been neither the transformative beacon his devotees have wanted, nor the weak apologist for America that his critics allege. They conclude that his grand strategy for promoting American interests in a tumultuous world may only now be emerging, and may yet be curtailed by conflict with Iran. Most of all, they argue that he or his successor will have to embrace U.S. economic renewal as the core foreign policy and national security challenge of the future.
Download or read book Assessing Aid written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing Aid determines that the effectiveness of aid is not decided by the amount received but rather the institutional and policy environment into which it is accepted. It examines how development assistance can be more effective at reducing global poverty and gives five mainrecommendations for making aid more effective: targeting financial aid to poor countries with good policies and strong economic management; providing policy-based aid to demonstrated reformers; using simpler instruments to transfer resources to countries with sound management; focusing projects oncreating and transmitting knowledge and capacity; and rethinking the internal incentives of aid agencies.
Download or read book Exporting Security written by Derek S. Reveron and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a thoroughly revised second edition of a book that we published in 2010. Exporting Security is about the US military's role in military-to-military partnerships, such as helping to support and train foreign militaries, and about the US military's role in missions other than war, ranging from diplomacy, to development, to humanitarian assistance after disasters or during epidemics. Reveron is a proponent of these non-warfighting missions because he views them as an economical way to promote human security and regional security in trouble spots, which he says is in the US national interest. He also sees these efforts as making it less likely that the US will feel compelled to intervene directly in hot spots around the globe if our partners can maintain their own security or if humanitarian disasters can be averted. This second edition will take into account the Obama administration's foreign policy, the poor legacy of training the Iraqi army, the implications of more assertive foreign policies by Russia and China, and the US military's role in recent humanitarian crises such as the Ebola epidemic in West Africa--
Download or read book Foreign Humanitarian Assistance written by Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign Humanitarian Assistance, Joint Publication 3-29, 14 May 2019 This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance to plan, execute, and assess foreign humanitarian assistance operations. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations, and it provides considerations for military interaction with governmental and nongovernmental agencies, multinational forces, and other interorganizational partners. Why buy a book you can download for free? We print the paperback book so you don't have to. First you gotta find a good clean (legible) copy and make sure it's the latest version (not always easy). Some documents found on the web are missing some pages or the image quality is so poor, they are difficult to read. If you find a good copy, you could print it using a network printer you share with 100 other people (typically its either out of paper or toner). If it's just a 10-page document, no problem, but if it's 250-pages, you will need to punch 3 holes in all those pages and put it in a 3-ring binder. Takes at least an hour. It's much more cost-effective to just order the bound paperback from Amazon.com This book includes original commentary which is copyright material. Note that government documents are in the public domain. We print these paperbacks as a service so you don't have to. The books are compact, tightly-bound paperback, full-size (8 1/2 by 11 inches), with large text and glossy covers. 4th Watch Publishing Co. is a HUBZONE SDVOSB. https: //usgovpub.com
