Download or read book Do Enclaves Matter in Immigrants Self employment Decision written by Maude Toussaint-Comeau and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Do Ethnic Enclaves and Networks Promote Immigrant Self Employment written by Maude Toussaint-Comeau and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author assesses how ethnic enclaves and networks affect the self-employment decisions of immigrants in the U.S. She finds that ethnic networks play a positive role in the likelihood that immigrants will choose self-employment as an alternative to wage employment. However, there is no clear impact of ethnic geographical concentrations on the self-employment decision.

Download or read book Immigrant Communities Human Capital Externalities and Labor Market Outcomes written by Liliana Do Couto Sousa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three essays that encompass this dissertation contribute to our understanding of the economic impact of ethnic communities on immigrants while also addressing issues associated with the identification and measurement of ethnic enclaves. Immigrant enclaves provide access to ethnic goods and trade partners with shared language and culture, potentially resulting in increased job opportunities. However, these same amenities may also decrease incentives to assimilate, or acquire U.S.specific human capital, and can ultimately keep some immigrants from achieving economic success. The first essay considers whether the human capital of an ethnic community influences the decision to become self-employed, for example by affecting certain costs, such as transaction and information costs, associated with entrepreneurship. I find that immigrants with low levels of human capital are more likely to enter into self-employment if their ethnic communities have higher levels of human capital while immigrants with more human capital, such as those with a college education, enter into self-employment independently of the human capital available in their ethnic communities. These ethnic human capital externalities may play an important role in the economic assimilation of low human capital immigrants by potentially offsetting some of the economic costs associated with low education and limited English skills. The second and third essays use unique linked employer-household data available through the U.S. Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics program to identify individuals as part of an enclave economy based not only on their neighbors - the strategy employed by the current literature - but also on their coworkers. In the second essay, I create and analyze measurements of immigrant enclaves based on both residential and employment clustering behavior. These measures show that, even among the largest immigrant groups in five of the biggest immigrant population centers in the U.S., few immigrants live or work in neighborhoods and workplaces with high co-ethnic exposure rates. Though ethnic enclaves can provide economic opportunities for their members by generating or matching individuals to employment opportunities, they may also stifle assimilation and create human capital traps by limiting interactions between enclave members and non-members. In the third essay, I find that higher residential and workplace clustering is consistently correlated with lower earnings. While negative self-selection fully explains the lower earnings attributed to higher co-ethnic exposure for immigrants with a high school education or less, I find evidence of human capital traps for immigrants with more than a high school education who enclave. Their earnings decrease with higher levels of co-ethnic exposure both residentially and in the workplace.

Download or read book Labor Market Assimilation and the Self employment Decision of Immigrant Entrepreneurs written by Magnus Lofstrom and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Self employment and the Earnings of Male Immigrants in the U S written by Andrew M. Yuengert and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Female Immigrant Entrepreneurs written by Daphne Halkias and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A third of the world's entrepreneurial activity is driven by women. With the mass movement of people now commonplace, the role of female entrepreneurs in immigrant communities has become an increasingly important component of the world economy, its productivity, and the struggle against poverty. Throwing light on the dynamics of entrepreneurship generally, and on immigrant and female entrepreneurship in particular, the global Female Immigrant Entrepreneurship (FIE) project is a huge and exciting research undertaking. Written by the project's team of researchers based in prestigious business schools and universities on almost every continent, this important book begins the process of discovering why and how female driven business start-ups often seem to spontaneously emerge in adverse environments. Is it randomness, luck, or chance that determine success or failure, or vital critical forces and the inherent qualities of the women involved? The research emerging from the FIE project points to answers to questions about the integration of immigrant communities, their interaction with host economic and business environments, and the role of women in that interaction. With findings from more than fifteen countries, from the USA with some of the world's oldest and largest immigrant communities, to African countries that are the newest destination for Asian migrants, this book will help inform social and economic policy in communities and countries searching for prosperity. More than that, the book offers policy makers, business leaders, and those concerned with business development the chance to uncover some of the mystery around the complex phenomenon of entrepreneurship itself.

Download or read book Legal Status at Entry Economic Performance and Self employment Proclivity written by Amelie Constant and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There are concerns about the attachment of immigrants to the labor force, and the potential policy responses. This paper uses a bi-national survey on immigrant performance to investigate the sorting of individuals into full-time paid-employment and entrepreneurship and their economic success. Particular attention is paid to the role of legal status at entry in the host country (worker, refugee, and family reunification), ethnic networks, enclaves and other differences among ethnicities for their integration in the labor market. Since the focus is on the understanding of the self-employment decision, a two-stage structural probit model is employed that determines the willingness to work full-time (against part-time employment and not working), and the choice between full-time paid work and self-employment. The choices are determined by the reservation wage for full-time work, and the perceived earnings from working in paid-employment and as entrepreneur, among other factors. Accounting for sample selectivity, the paper provides regressions explaining reservation wages, and actual earnings for paid-employment and self-employment, which provide the basis for such an analysis. The structural probit models suggest that the expected earnings differentials from working and reservation wages and for self-employment and paid-employment earnings matter much, although only among a number of other determinants. For Germany, legal status at entry is important; former refugees and those migrants who arrive through family reunification are less likely to work full-time; refugees are also less self-employed. Those who came through the employment channel are more likely to be in full-time paid work. In Denmark, however, the status at entry variables do not play any significant role. This suggests that the Danish immigrant selection system is ineffective"--Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit web site.

Download or read book Do Enclaves Matter in Immigrant Adjustment written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Is Self employment for Migrants written by Marianna Brunetti and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a unique Italian dataset covering the period 2004-2020, we assess the immigrant-native gap in entrepreneurship and investigate channels behind it. The data allows us to account for many observable characteristics as well as for risk aversion, which is usually not observed, yet crucial for the self-employment decision. Unlike most of the existing empirical literature, we find that immigrants in Italy are less likely to be self-employed. The negative gap is confirmed when propensity score matching methodology is used. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that the negative gap is larger for men, for economic migrants and those coming from Sub-Saharan Africa, while it is not significant for mixed immigrant-native couples, for highly skilled, and for migrants from Asia and Oceania. The largest gap is found for those working in the agricultural sector. Regarding additional channels, we explore the role of access to credit, including the informal one, and whether migrants are credit constrained, as well as the importance of migrant networks, easiness of doing business, and expenditures on services for migrants. Despite finding significant correlations between self-employment and some of these factors, none of them seem to decrease the magnitude of the negative gap.

Download or read book Immigration and Entrepreneurship written by Parminder Bhachu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many nations invite foreigners to work within their borders, but few welcome them. Those countries that do receive a torrent of immigrants create pressures that analysts expect to intensify as population growth and social unrest mount in the less developed countries of the world. Immigration and Entrepreneurship, now in paperback, offers a comparative analysis of worldwide immigration issues while focusing more specifically on the emerging influence of entrepreneurship as a potent factor in the economic and social integration of immigrants.In linking the common immigrant and settler experiences with the upsurge in self-employment, the contributors to this volume use California as their base of comparison. The state has both a huge and varied immigrant population and an entrepreneurial economy that has facilitated the formation of immigrant-owned firms. The Los Angeles riots of the nineties indicated the volatility of the mix. Aided by ethnic and familial networks, such firms have served as a route of economic advancement.Immigration and Entrepreneurship offers a comparative perspective unique in the literature of immigration by broaching the topic from both global and local perspectives. Whereas most studies examine the experience of a single group or groups in a particular destination economy, this volume emphasizes variations in the way different nations receive immigrants as causes of differences in immigrant behavior. Among the innovative themes discussed by a range of international scholars are the entrepreneurial efforts and tensions in the garment industry in Los Angeles, Paris, and Berlin; Koreans' enterprise and identities in Los Angeles and Japan; and U.S. immigration policies. The result is a genuinely global methodology.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Role of Skills and Education in Immigration and Self employment written by Magnus Lofstrom and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reconsidering Immigrant Entrepreneurship written by Steven A. Camarota and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Self employment of Immigrants written by George J. Borjas and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-employment represents an important component of the immigrant experience in the U.S. labor market. Among large immigrant groups self-employment rates exceed 15 percent of the labor force. This paper begins the study of the immigrant self-employment experience by analyzing self-employment rates and incomes of 18 immigrant cohorts using the 1970 and 1980 U.S. Census.

Download or read book The Effect of Immigration on Native Self employment written by Robert W. Fairlie and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapidly growing literature examines the impact of immigrants on the labor market outcomes of native-born Americans. However, the impact of immigration on natives in self-employment has not been examined, despite the over-representation of immigrants in that sector. We first present a new general equilibrium model of self-employment and wage/salary work. For a range of plausible parameter values, the model predicts small negative effects of immigration on native self-employment rates and earnings. Using 1980 and 1990 Census microdata, we then examine the relationship between changes in immigration and native self-employment rates and earnings across 132 of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States. We find evidence supporting the hypothesis that self-employed immigrants displace self-employed natives. The effects are much larger than those predicted by simulations of the theoretical model. Immigrants, however, do not have a negative effect on native self-employment earnings. Our findings are similar if we weight immigration rates by the propensity of immigrant groups to be self-employed or if we try alternative estimation techniques and specifications

Download or read book The Ethnic and Racial Character of Self employment written by Robert W. Fairlie and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the 1980 and 1990 Censuses, we show that self-employment rates differ substantially across ethnic and racial groups in the U.S. These differences exist for both men and women, within broad combinations of ethnic/racial groups such as Europeans, Asians, Hispanics and blacks, and after controlling for variables such as age, education, immigrant status and time in the country. Although there are large differences in self-employment rates across ethnic/racial groups, the processes determining self-employment within each ethnic/racial group are not substantially different. We find fairly similar effects of age, education, year of immigration, and other factors in determining who is self-employed for most groups. We examine whether ethnic/racial self-employment rates are associated with group returns to self-employment. We find evidence of a positive association between an ethnic/racial group's self- employment rate and the difference between average self-employment and wage/salary earnings for that group. This result suggests that our economic model of the self-employment decision may be useful in explaining differences in self-employment rates across ethnic/racial groups. We also find that different ethnic/racial groups locate their businesses in different types of industries. In addition, we do not find evidence that ethnic/racial groups who immigrate from countries with high self-employment rates have high self-employment rates in the U.S

Download or read book Self employment Among Hispanic and Immigrant Populations written by Chunbei Wang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contributes to the understanding of self-employment among Hispanics and Immigrants. The first essay focuses on the most disadvantaged subgroup of Hispanics - Mexican-Americans, and analyzes causes of their low self-employment rate by studying self-employment entry and exits utilizing panel data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Our results indicate that differences in education and financial wealth are important factors in explaining differences in entrepreneurship across groups. Importantly, we analyze self-employment by recognizing heterogeneity in business ownership across industries and show that a classification of firms by human and financial capital "intensiveness", or entry barriers, is effective in explaining differences in entrepreneurship across ethnic groups. The second essay focuses on immigrants and the impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on their self-employment decisions. Using the CPS Basic Monthly Data 2000 to 2005, we find interesting results. We show that there exist significant heterogeneous impacts of 9/11 on the self-employment decisions of immigrants; while immigrants from Middle East and South Asia are less likely to enter self-employment after 9/11, Hispanic immigrants are more likely to enter. Such results show that researchers who fail to distinguish self- and wage-employment as in the previous literature may overlook some important effects of 9/11 on immigrants' labor market outcomes. The third essay is a follow-up study of the second essay and examines how immigrant entrepreneurs have been affected in terms of business exit and earnings. The results show that Middle Eastern and South Asian immigrant entrepreneurs are not negatively affected by 9/11. In fact, this group experienced a larger increase in self-employment earnings, and Quantile Regression Analysis shows that this increase is found at both lower and upper tail of the distribution. Hispanic immigrants overall do not experience negative effects of 9/11 on self-employment outcomes; however, subgroups of Hispanic immigrants show heterogeneous effects - Mexican immigrants are more likely to exit self-employment while other Hispanic immigrants are less likely to exit self-employment after 9/11.

Download or read book Intrametropolitan Opportunity Structure and the Self Employment of Asian and Latino Immigrants written by Cathy Yang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using 2000 Census microdata for the Atlanta metropolitan area as a case study, this research investigates the effect of intra-metropolitan opportunity structure and local area context, especially spatial structure, urban employment pattern, social environment and ethnic concentration, on Asian and Latino immigrants' incidence of self-employment. These two groups grew rapidly both in the total labor force and among the self-employed in Atlanta. It is found that living in central city and inner ring suburbs depresses Latino immigrants' entrepreneurial activities. The growth of trade jobs and concentration of immigrants in a local area both give rise to immigrant entrepreneurship. Results suggest that traditional theories like disadvantage theory needs to be reassessed in the context of new immigrant gateways, while the ethnic enclave hypothesis is still validated. Potential policies to promote immigrant entrepreneurship are also discussed.