Download or read book Diversity Phylogeny and Symbiotic Efficiency of Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Root nodules in North Western and Southern Ethiopia written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Nitrogen (N) deficiency is common feature in Africa as the soils are inherently infertile with high rates of soil N depletion from soil erosion and low external input. Given the low socio-economic conditions of small holder farmers in Africa, N2 fixation in soybean can offer economic, environmental and agronomic benefits since soybean is one of the highest N2 fixing grain legumes. The aim of this study was to undertake isolation, identification and estimation of genetic diversity as well as symbiotic effectiveness of bacterial isolates from soybeans genotypes grown in soils sampled from two soybean cropping regions of Ethiopia.
Download or read book Ecology and Evolution of Rhizobia written by En Tao Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the history and development of rhizobial ecology (diversity, function and interactions with the biotic and abiotic environments), evolution (genome diversification, systematics of symbiotic genes) and application. Further, it describes the new concept of rhizobia, the latest systematic methods, biogeographic study methods, and genomic studies to identify the interactions between rhizobia, legumes and environments. To enable readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of rhizobial biogeography, the book provides effective protocols for the selection and application of high-efficiency rhizobial inoculants. In addition, it presents standard and modern methods used in studies on rhizobial ecology and evolution in dedicated appendices, making it a unique and valuable handbook for researchers.
Download or read book Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Rhizobia written by Neelawan Pongslip and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhizobia are composed of specific groups of bacteria that have the ability to induce symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots or stems of leguminous plants. Rhizobia have attracted a great attention for more than 4 decades because of their enormous agricultural and economic value in sustainable agriculture. Up to the present time, many legumes have been found to be nodulated by several rhizobial species in diverse taxonomic groups. An assessment of rhizobial diversity provides pivotal information in understanding the horizontal gene transfer among bacterial genera and species, the bacterial evolution and the symbiotic effectiveness. the classification of rhizobia is becoming increasingly complex and is revised periodically because of new findings that propose new genera and new species. Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Rhizobia presents the application of conventional and molecular analyses, including numerical analysis, enzyme patterns, serological studies, plasmid profile, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fingerprinting, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), PCR-RFLP and sequence-based methods, to the examination of rhizobial diversity. Principles of these techniques, the resolving power, the advantage and the limitation of these techniques are evaluated. Current taxonomy of rhizobia classifies them into 17 genera and 118 species. The book explains background knowledge about rhizobia and follows this up with a broad perspective on rhizobial diversity, information on characteristics specific to each group of rhizobia, the relationship among rhizobial groups as well as genetic factors contributed to rhizobial diversity. Contemporary methods for examination of rhizobial diversity are also suggested and discussed. Readers of this e-book will find updated information on key concepts in classification and taxonomy of rhizobia, the categories and techniques used to examine the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of rhizobia (including numerical analysis, enzyme patterns, serological study, plasmid profile, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fingerprinting, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis).
Download or read book Handbook for Rhizobia written by Padma Somasegaran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhizobia are bacteria which inhabit the roots of plants in the pea family and "fix" atmospheric nitrogen for plant growth. They are thus of enormous economic importance internationally and the subject of intense research interest. Handbook for Rhizobia is a monumental book of practical methods for working with these bacteria and their plant hosts. Topics include the general microbiological properties of rhizobia and their identification, their potential as symbionts, methods for inoculating rhizobia onto plants, and molecular genetics methods for Rhizobium in the laboratory. The book will be invaluable to Rhizobium scientists, soil microbiologists, field and laboratory researchers at agricultural research centers, agronomists, and crop scientists.
Download or read book The Diversity and Symbiotic Specificity of the Rhizobia Associated with Phaseolus Vulgaris L in Its Ecuadorian and Mexican Centers of Origin written by Gustavo Ramon Bernal Gomez and published by INIAP Archivo Historico. This book was released on 2001 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving the Legume rhizobium Symbiosis in Zimbabwean Agriculture written by Mazvita Sheila Chiduwa and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Resource Conservation written by Sushil K. Sharma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers broad areas in the conservation of microorganisms. It addresses the short, medium and long-term preservation of agriculturally important microorganisms, as well as culture collections and their roles. The respective chapters address topics such as conventional approaches to bacterial, fungal and algal preservation, as well as methods and strategies for preserving recalcitrant microorganisms. Readers will also find the latest insights into the preservation of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) fungi and ecology, diversity and conservation of endophytes, and entamopathogenic fungi. Microbes of animal and dairy origin, their preservation and biosafety issues are also explored. Microorganisms are the silent and unseen majority of life on Earth, and are characterized by a high degree of genetic and metabolic diversity. It is well documented that no branch of science or society is unaffected by microbial interventions. Researchers have documented microorganisms from such extreme and unique environments as deserts and hydrothermal vents, and with specific traits that are currently being exploited in agriculture, industry, medicine and biotechnological applications. Such great potential can only be found in microorganisms. The aim of this book – the first entirely devoted to the conservation of microorganisms, and to regulatory mechanisms for access and benefits sharing as per Biological Diversity (BD) Act 2002 – is to promote awareness of our world’s microbial wealth, and to introduce readers to strategies and methodologies for the conservation of microorganisms, which could ultimately save human life on Earth.
Download or read book Practical Rhizobium legume Technology Manual written by D. P. Beck and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. Manipulation of Rhizobia; II. Field and greenhouse assessment of N2 fixation.
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation in Acacias written by John Brockwell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2. The plant; 3. The bacteria; 4. The symbiosis; 5. Enhancement of the symbiosis; 6. Exploitation of the symbiosis; 7. General conclusions and prognosis.
Download or read book The Diversity of Root Nodule Bacteria Associated with Lebeckia Species in South Africa written by Francina Lebogang Phalane and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen-fixing diazotrophic root-nodule bacteria are of immense economic importance because of their symbiosis with leguminous plants. Diazotrophic bacteria infect the host legume root inducing the formation of nodules in which the bacteria (also termed rhizobia) replicate and synthesize the enzyme nitrogenase. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia for subsequent use by the plant as a major source of nitrogen. Nitrogen is an essential element required by plants for growth and synthesis of protein and is usually the most limiting element in agricultural production as well as being the most expensive component of fertilizer. The aim of my study was to determine the diversity and taxonomy of a specific group of root nodule bacteria associated with different species of Lebeckia. The genus Lebeckia Thunb. (Family Leguminosae, subfamily Papilionoideae, tribe Crotalarieae) comprises some 33 plant species. These plants are mainly indigenous to the southern and Western Cape regions of South Africa. They are divided into shrubby trifoliate-leaf species in the sections Calobota, Stiza and Viborgioides and suffrutescent unifoliate needle-leaf species in the section Lebeckia. Plants of this genus are adapted to harsh environmental conditions such as are found in the Karoo and Namaqualand. Several Lebeckia species are beneficial, such as L. spinescens and L. multiflora, which are valuable as pasture legumes and well grazed by animals especially in winter. All the species have ecological value because of their nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia. To my knowledge, no attempts have been made in the past to investigate these microsymbionts of Lebeckia. Root nodules were collected from Lebeckia species at a wide variety of localities in the western and southern Cape regions of South Africa. Indigenous rhizobia isolated from these nodules were investigated for their nodulation abilities on their respective host plants as well as on non-host promiscuous legumes, cowpea and siratro. The isolates were then characterized using random amplified DNA fingerprinting followed by DNA sequencing of selected isolates. Results presented in this study showed that the indigenous South African genus Lebeckia is nodulated by diverse rhizobia from both ; - and ;?-Proteobacteria. The first chapter contains a literature review of symbiotic nitrogen fixation that includes a general description of the biology, inoculant technology and the taxonomy of legumes and their rhizobia. The genera within the tribe Crotalarieae (such as Crotalaria, Lotononis, and Aspalathus) were discussed with special reference to the genus Lebeckia. Technical methods used for the classification of rhizobia were also reviewed. Non-DNA-based methods such as host specificity, substrate utilization, antibiotic resistance, morphological characters and biochemical properties as well as DNA based fingerprinting methods (ARDRA, RFLP RAPD, and AFLP), DNA sequence information, analysis of whole genomes, DNA-DNA hybridization and polyphasic approaches were outlined. The second chapter describes the isolation of 79 rhizobial isolates from the root nodules of 10 Lebeckia species. The isolates were purified and tested for nodulation and nitrogen fixation on cowpea and siratro as well as their host plants. All the isolates fixed nitrogen on their respective Lebeckia hosts, whereas 56% of the strains were effective on cowpea and 77% on siratro. The third chapter describes initial comparison and screening of the isolates by SP-PCR fingerprinting analysis. DNA profiles showed that most of the isolates grouped according to host plant species rather than geographical location. Isolates selected from different clusters were subjected to partial 16S rDNA gene sequencing to confirm their taxonomic identity. This revealed that Lebeckia is nodulated by diverse genera of root nodule bacteria from both the ; -Proteobacteria (Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Sinorhizobium) as well as the ;?-Proteobacteria (Burkholderia). The final chapter (Chapter 4) provides concluding remarks on my results and possible future avenues of research on the Lebeckia rhizobia.
Download or read book Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement written by Mohammad Saghir Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-25 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an ever-increasing human population, the demand placed upon the agriculture sector to supply more food is one of the greatest challenges for the agrarian community. In order to meet this challenge, environmentally unfriendly agroch- icals have played a key role in the green revolution and are even today commonly recommended to circumvent nutrient de?ciencies of the soils. The use of ag- chemicals is, though, a major factor for improvement of plant production; it causes a profound deteriorating effect on soil health (soil fertility) and in turn negatively affects the productivity and sustainability of crops. Concern over disturbance to the microbial diversity and consequently soil fertility (as these microbes are involved in biogeochemical processes), as well as economic constraints, have prompted fun- mental and applied research to look for new agro-biotechnologies that can ensure competitive yields by providing suf?ciently not only essential nutrients to the plants but also help to protect the health of soils by mitigating the toxic effects of certain pollutants. In this regard, the role of naturally abundant yet functionally fully unexplored microorganisms such as biofertilizers assume a special signi?cance in the context of supplementing plant nutrients, cost and environmental impact under both conventional practices and derelict environments. Therefore, current devel- ments in sustainability involve a rational exploitation of soil microbial communities and the use of inexpensive, though less bio-available, sources of plant nutrients, which may be made available to plants by microbially-mediated processes.
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture Forestry Ecology and the Environment written by Dietrich Werner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-24 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability has a major part to play in the global challenge of continued development of regions, countries, and continents all around the World and biological nitrogen fixation has a key role in this process. This volume begins with chapters specifically addressing crops of major global importance, such as soybeans, rice, and sugar cane. It continues with a second important focus, agroforestry, and describes the use and promise of both legume trees with their rhizobial symbionts and other nitrogen-fixing trees with their actinorhizal colonization. An over-arching theme of all chapters is the interaction of the plants and trees with microbes and this theme allows other aspects of soil microbiology, such as interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the impact of soil-stress factors on biological nitrogen fixation, to be addressed. Furthermore, a link to basic science occurs through the inclusion of chapters describing the biogeochemically important nitrogen cycle and its key relationships among nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The volume then provides an up-to-date view of the production of microbial inocula, especially those for legume crops.
Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Johannes Lehmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines.
Download or read book Rhizobium Biology and Biotechnology written by Alexander P. Hansen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth reviews of the role of Rhizobium in agriculture and its biotechnological applications. Individual chapters explore topics such as: the occurrence and distribution of Rhizobium; phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Rhizobium; impact of Rhizobium on other microbial communities in the rhizosphere; N2-fixation ability of Rhizobium; Rhizobium and biotic stress; Rhizobium-mediated restoration of an ecosystem; in silico analysis of the rhizobia pool; further biotechnological perspectives of Rhizobium.
Download or read book Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation written by Rachid Serraj and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Workshop on Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Increased Crop Productivity, Enhanced Human Health and Sustained Soil Fertility was held in June 2002 at ENSAM-INRA, Montpellier, France. The main goal of the workshop was to define research strategies for a Challenge Program initiative on Biological Nitrogen Fixation, and develop a pre-proposal based on the concept note submitted and approved by the CGIAR iSC. More than 35 participants from various scientific disciplines, research institutions and from four different continents (Africa, Asia, Americas and Europe) attended the workshop. This book, based on the proceedings of the workshop, takes a holistic approach to harnessing legume BNF technologies, starting from a socioeconomic perspective, and progressing to agronomic and genetic options, and bringing together innovative aspects and participatory research strategies.
Download or read book Legume Nodulation written by Janet I. Sprent and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides a comprehensive review of our current knowledge of the world's leguminous plants and their symbiotic bacteria. Written by Professor Janet Sprent, a world authority in the area, Legume Nodulation contains comprehensive details of the following: An up to date review of legume taxonomy and a full list of the world's genera Details of how legumes are distributed throughout the world A review of the evolution of legume nodulation Comprehensive details of all microorganisms known to be symbiotic with legumes Ecological and environmental aspects of legume-bacteria symbiosis Legume Nodulation is an essential purchase for plant scientists, agronomists, ecologists and microbiologists. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological and agricultural sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this landmark publication.
Download or read book Plant Microbe Symbiosis Fundamentals and Advances written by Naveen Kumar Arora and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant microbe interaction is a complex relationship that can have various beneficial impacts on both the communities. An urgent need of today’s world is to get high crop yields in an ecofriendly manner. Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted plant growth promoting (PGP) microorganisms can solve the problem of getting enhanced yields without disturbing the ecosystem thus leading to sustainability. For this to achieve understanding of the intricate details of how the beneficial microbes form associations with the host plant and sustain that for millions of years must be known. A holistic approach is required wherein the diversity of microbes associated with plant and the network of mechanisms by which they benefit the host must be studied and utilized. ‘Plant Microbe Symbiosis – Fundamentals and Advances’ provides a comprehensive understanding of positive interactions that occur between plant and microorganisms and their utilization in the fields. The book reviews the enormous diversity of plant associated microbes, the dialog between plant-microbes-microbes and mechanisms of action of PGP microbes. Utilization of PGPRs as nutrient providers, in combating phytopathogens and ameliorating the stressed and polluted soils is also explained. Importantly, the book also throws light on the unanswered questions and future direction of research in the field. It illustrates how the basic knowledge can be amalgamated with advanced technology to design the future bioformulations.
