Download or read book Distributed coupling Linear Particle Accelerators written by Mamdouh Hassan Nasr and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear particle accelerators (linacs) are essential for future discovery machines as well as many advanced medical and industrial applications. A linac is formed from a set of cascaded RF cavities (cells). For a typical electron linac, such as the SLAC linear accelerator, RF power is fed to the linac from one point and flows to adjacent cells through the beam tunnel. Consequently, the linac design process requires careful consideration of the coupling between adjacent cells. This limits the ability of the designer to optimize the cell shape for high RF-to-beam efficiency and/or craft the field on the surface for high-gradient operation. We introduce a novel particle accelerator technology that utilizes a periodic feeding network to feed every accelerating cell independently. This eliminates the need for the coupling between cells, giving considerable optimization flexibility for the shape of the accelerator cells. This dissertation discusses the concept behind this topology and presents how such a concept is developed and implemented through a set of key research milestones. The theory of the distributed-coupling linac is presented alongside the associated optimization techniques that take full benefit of the resultant design flexibility. Compared to a conventional linac, our designed and tested structures provide approximately double the shunt impedance. A novel manufacturing technique is enabled by observing that both the cells and the feeding network have planes with no currents passing through them. This allowed the manufacturing of the structure from two blocks. From an economical point of view, this reduces the part count by about two orders of magnitude in comparison to traditional ways of building the structures from half-cell cups. Additionally, this method allows us to assemble the structure without the necessary brazing steps typically needed for traditional linacs. Hence, the copper or doped-copper material hardness properties can be maintained, further enhancing the ability of the surface to resist damage due to cyclic fatigue. Cryogenic operation of normal-conducting linacs substantially reduces their surface resistance and hence improves RF-to-beam efficiency. The reduced losses also reduce the transient temperature rise on the surface, which is the root cause of the surface cyclic fatigue that leads to surface distortions and consequently breakdown events. That cyclic fatigue is further reduced because the copper yield strength is increased at lower temperatures. In this work, we present the first demonstration of high-gradient acceleration of an electron-beam at a cryogenic temperature of 77 K. Experimental operation of the distributed-coupling structure at 77 K resulted in a reduction in the breakdown rates by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the concept of distributed-coupling is extended to superconducting accelerators. Compared to conventional designs, the provided optimization flexibility of the distributed-coupling topology leads to optimized geometries with a reduced surface magnetic field and RF power loss. This reduction should allow for high-gradient operation and reduced system cost. We present our initial attempts to build and test a superconducting distributed-coupling linac. Finally, the concept of distributed-coupling is extended to utilize two accelerating modes that operate simultaneously in the same linac. Dual-mode acceleration enhances the shunt impedance while allowing the structure to operate at much higher gradients. The latter advantage is due to the fact that a given point on the cavity surface does not experience the sum of the peak fields from the two modes at the same time. An extra degree of freedom is obtained by not requiring the operating frequencies to be harmonically related; it is sufficient to have a common sub-harmonic. The value of this sub-harmonic determines the distance between the bunches that can be accelerated. The proposed dual-mode architecture prevents the leakage of the high-frequency mode through the coupling ports of the low-frequency mode by introducing a choke feature in the low-frequency port. Moreover, this architecture preserves the structure symmetry and allows for manufacturing the structure from quadrant copper blocks.
Download or read book RF Linear Accelerators written by Thomas P. Wangler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Borne out of twentieth-century science and technology, the field of RF (radio frequency) linear accelerators has made significant contributions to basic research, energy, medicine, and national defense. As we advance into the twenty-first century, the linac field has been undergoing rapid development as the demand for its many applications, emphasizing high-energy, high-intensity, and high-brightness output beams, continues to grow. RF Linear Accelerators is a textbook that is based on a US Particle Accelerator School graduate-level course that fills the need for a single introductory source on linear accelerators. The text provides the scientific principles and up-to-date technological aspects for both electron and ion linacs. This second edition has been completely revised and expanded to include examples of modern RF linacs, special linacs and special techniques as well as superconducting linacs. In addition, problem sets at the end of each chapter supplement the material covered. The book serves as a must-have reference for professionals interested in beam physics and accelerator technology.
Download or read book Physics And Technology Of Linear Accelerator Systems Proceedings Of The 2002 Joint Uspas cas japan russia Accelerator School written by Helmut Wiedemann and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-03-15 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is useful to people working or planning to work in the field of linear accelerators. It is a good reference, presenting the most recent advances in the field. The intended audience are researchers, practitioners, academics and graduate students.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences
Download or read book Linear Accelerators written by Pierre M. Lapostolle and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Distributed Coupling High Efficiency Linear Accelerator written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A microwave circuit for a linear accelerator includes multiple monolithic metallic cell plates stacked upon each other so that the beam axis passes vertically through a central acceleration cavity of each plate. Each plate has a directional coupler with coupling arms. A first coupling slot couples the directional coupler to an adjacent directional coupler of an adjacent cell plate, and a second coupling slot couples the directional coupler to the central acceleration cavity. Each directional coupler also has an iris protrusion spaced from corners joining the arms, a convex rounded corner at a first corner joining the arms, and a corner protrusion at a second corner joining the arms.
Download or read book Particle Accelerator Physics written by Helmut Wiedemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume book serves as a thorough introduction to the field of high-energy particle accelerator physics and beam dynamics. Volume 1 provides a general understanding of the field and a firm basis for the study of the more elaborate topic, mainly nonlinear and higher-order beam dynamics, which is the subject of Volume 2.
Download or read book Particle Accelerator Physics written by Helmut Wiedemann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 1029 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book by Helmut Wiedemann is a well-established, classic text, providing an in-depth and comprehensive introduction to the field of high-energy particle acceleration and beam dynamics. The present 4th edition has been significantly revised, updated and expanded. The newly conceived Part I is an elementary introduction to the subject matter for undergraduate students. Part II gathers the basic tools in preparation of a more advanced treatment, summarizing the essentials of electrostatics and electrodynamics as well as of particle dynamics in electromagnetic fields. Part III is an extensive primer in beam dynamics, followed, in Part IV, by an introduction and description of the main beam parameters and including a new chapter on beam emittance and lattice design. Part V is devoted to the treatment of perturbations in beam dynamics. Part VI then discusses the details of charged particle acceleration. Parts VII and VIII introduce the more advanced topics of coupled beam dynamics and describe very intense beams – a number of additional beam instabilities are introduced and reviewed in this new edition. Part IX is an exhaustive treatment of radiation from accelerated charges and introduces important sources of coherent radiation such as synchrotrons and free-electron lasers. The appendices at the end of the book gather useful mathematical and physical formulae, parameters and units. Solutions to many end-of-chapter problems are given. This textbook is suitable for an intensive two-semester course starting at the senior undergraduate level.
Download or read book RF Linear Accelerators written by Thomas P. Wangler and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1998-05-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book that provides a single source of introductory information on all linear accelerators, including electron and ion accelerators.
Download or read book Particle Accelerators and Their Uses written by Waldemar H. Scharf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engines of Discovery written by Andrew Sessler and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of Engines of Discovery celebrated in words, images and anecdotes the accelerators and their constructors that culminated in the discovery of the Higgs boson. But even before the Higgs was discovered, before the champagne corks popped and while the television producers brushed up their quantum mechanics, a new wave of enthusiasm for accelerators to be applied for more practical purposes was gaining momentum. Almost all fields of human endeavour will be enhanced by this trend: energy conservation, medical diagnostics and treatment, national security, as well as industrial processing. Accelerators have been used most spectacularly to reveal the structure of the complex molecules that determine our metabolism and life. For every accelerator chasing the Higgs, there are now ten thousand serving other purposes. It is high time to move from abstract mathematics and philosophy to the practical needs of humankind. It is the aim of this revised and expanded edition to describe this revolution in a manner which will attract the young, not only to apply their curiosity to the building blocks of matter but to help them contribute to the improvement of the quality of life itself on this planet. As always, the authors have tried to avoid lengthy mathematical description. In describing a field which reaches out to almost all of today's cutting edge technology, some detailed explanation cannot be avoided but this has been confined to sidebars. References guide experts to move on to the journal Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology and other publications for more information. But first we would urge every young physicist, teacher, journalist and politician to read this book. Contents: Electrostatic Accelerators; Cyclotrons; Linear Accelerators; Betatrons; Synchrotrons; Colliders; Neutrino Super Beams, Neutrino Factories and Muon Colliders; Detectors; High-Energy and Nuclear Physics; Synchrotron Radiation Sources; Isotope Production and Cancer Therapy Accelerators; Spallation Neutron Sources; Accelerators in Industry and Elsewhere; National Security; Energy and the Environment; A Final Word OCo Mainly to the Young. Readership: Scientists, research physicists, engineers and administrators at accelerator laboratories; general readers; undergraduates and graduates in physics, electrical engineering and the history of science."
Download or read book Space Charge Physics for Particle Accelerators written by Ingo Hofmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and controlling the physics of space charge effects in linear and circular proton and ion accelerators are essential to their operation, and to future high-intensity facilities. This book presents the status quo of this field from a theoretical perspective, compares analytical approaches with multi-particle computer simulations and – where available – with experiments. It discusses fundamental concepts of phase space motion, matched beams and modes of perturbation, along with mathematical models of analysis – from envelope to Vlasov-Poisson equations. The main emphasis is on providing a systematic description of incoherent and coherent resonance phenomena; parametric instabilities and sum modes; mismatch and halo; error driven resonances; and emittance exchange due to anisotropy, as well as the role of Landau damping. Their distinctive features are elaborated in the context of numerous sample simulations, and their potential impacts on beam quality degradation and beam loss are discussed. The book is intended for advanced beginners in accelerator research, and for experts interested in the mechanisms of direct space charge interaction and their modeling.
Download or read book Particle Accelerator Physics II written by Helmut Wiedemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume continues the discussion of particle accelerator physics beyond the introduction found in volume I. Basic principles of beam dynamics already discussed in the first volume are expanded here into the nonlinear regime so as to tackle fundamental problems encountered in present day accelerator design and development. Nonlinear dynamics is discussed both in terms of the transverse phase space, to determine chromatic and geometric aberrations which limit the dynamic aperture, as well as the longitude phase space in connection with phase focusing at very small values of the momentum compaction. Whenever possible, effects derived theoretically are compared with observations made with existing accelerators.
Download or read book Accelerator Physics written by S Y Lee and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and development of high energy accelerators began in 1911. Since then, milestones achieved are: (1) development of high gradient dc and rf accelerators,(2) achievement of high field magnets with excellent field quality,(3) discovery of transverse and longitudinal beam focusing principles,(4) invention of high power rf sources,(5) improvement of ultra-high vacuum technology,(6) attainment of high brightness (polarized/unpolarized) electron/ionsources,(7) advancement of beam dynamics and beam manipulation schemes, such as beam injection, accumulation, slow and fast extraction, beam damping and beam cooling, instability feedback, laser-beam interaction and harvesting instability for high brilliance coherent photon source. The impacts of the accelerator development are evidenced by the many ground-breaking discoveries in particle and nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, biology, biomedical physics, nuclear medicine, medical therapy, and industrial processing. This book is intended to be used as a graduate or senior undergraduate textbook in accelerator physics and science. It can be used as preparatory course material in graduate accelerator physics thesis research. The text covers historical accelerator development, transverse betatron motion, synchrotron motion, an introduction to linear accelerators, and synchrotron radiation phenomena in low emittance electron storage rings, introduction to special topics such as the free electron laser and the beam-beam interaction. Attention is paid to derivation of the action-angle variables of the phase space, because the transformation is important for understanding advanced topics such as the collective instability and nonlinear beam dynamics. Each section is followed by exercises, which are designed to reinforce concepts and to solve realistic accelerator design problems. Contents:Introduction:Historical DevelopmentsLayout and Components of AcceleratorsAccelerator ApplicationsTransverse Motion:Hamiltonian for Particle Motion in AcceleratorsLinear Betatron MotionEffect of Linear Magnet ImperfectionsOff-Momentum OrbitChromatic AberrationLinear CouplingNonlinear ResonancesCollective Instability and Landau DampingSynchro-Betatron HamiltonianSynchrotron Motion:Longitudinal Equation of MotionAdiabatic Synchrotron MotionRF Phase and Voltage ModulationsNonadiabatic and Nonlinear Synchrotron MotionBeam Manipulation in Synchrotron Phase SpaceFundamentals of RF SystemsLongitudinal Collective InstabilitiesIntroduction to Linear AcceleratorsPhysics of Electron Storage Rings:Fields of a Moving Charged ParticleRadiation Damping and ExcitationEmittance in Electron Storage RingsSpecial Topics in Beam Physics:Free Electron Laser (FEL)Beam-Beam InteractionClassical Mechanics and Analysis:Hamiltonian DynamicsStochastic Beam DynamicsModel Independent AnalysisNumerical Methods and Physical Constants:Fourier TransformCauchy Theorem and the Dispersion RelationUseful Handy FormulasMaxwell's EquationsPhysical Properties and Constants Readership: Accelerator, high-energy, nuclear, plasma and applied physicists.
Download or read book Particle Accelerator Physics II written by H. Wiedemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle Accelerator Physics II continues the discussion of particle accelerator physics beyond the introductory Particle Accelerator Physics I. Aimed at students and scientists who plan to work or are working in the field of accelerator physics. Basic principles of beam dynamics already discussed in Vol.I are expanded into the nonlinear regime in order to tackle fundamental problems encountered in present-day accelerator design and development. Nonlinear dynamics is discussed both for the transverse phase space to determine chromatic and geometric aberrations which limit the dynamic aperture as well as for the longitude phase space in connection with phase focusing at very small values of the momentum compaction. Effects derived theoretically are compared with observations made at existing accelerators.
Download or read book Particle Accelerator Physics written by Helmut Wiedemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume book serves as a thorough introduction to the field of high-energy particle accelerator physics and beam dynamics. Volume 1 provides a general understanding of the field and a firm basis for the study of the more elaborate topic, mainly nonlinear and higher-order beam dynamics, which is the subject of Volume 2.
Download or read book The Science and Technology of Particle Accelerators written by Rob Appleby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-27 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science and Technology of Particle Accelerators provides an accessible introduction to the field, and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and academics, as well as professionals in national laboratories and facilities, industry, and medicine who are designing or using particle accelerators. Providing integrated coverage of accelerator science and technology, this book presents the fundamental concepts alongside detailed engineering discussions and extensive practical guidance, including many numerical examples. For each topic, the authors provide a description of the physical principles, a guide to the practical application of those principles, and a discussion of how to design the components that allow the application to be realised. Features: Written by an interdisciplinary and highly respected team of physicists and engineers from the Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science and Technology in the UK Accessible style, with many numerical examples Contains an extensive set of problems, with fully worked solutions available Rob Appleby is an academic member of staff at the University of Manchester, and Chief Examiner in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Graeme Burt is an academic member of staff at the University of Lancaster, and previous Director of Education at the Cockcroft Institute. James Clarke is head of Science Division in the Accelerator Science and Technology Centre at STFC Daresbury Laboratory. Hywel Owen is an academic member of staff at the University of Manchester, and Director of Education at the Cockcroft Institute. All authors are researchers within the Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science and Technology and have extensive experience in the design and construction of particle accelerators, including particle colliders, synchrotron radiation sources, free electron lasers, and medical and industrial accelerator systems.
Download or read book Accelerator Physics written by Shyh-Yuan Lee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of high energy accelerators began in 1911, when Rutherford discovered the atomic nuclei inside the atom. Since then, progress has been made in the following: (1) development of high voltage dc and rf accelerators, (2) achievement of high field magnets with excellent field quality, (3) discovery of transverse and longitudinal beam focusing principles, (4) invention of high power rf sources, (5) improvement of high vacuum technology, (6) attainment of high brightness (polarized/unpolarized) electron/ion sources, (7) advancement of beam dynamics and beam manipulation schemes, such as beam injection, accumulation, slow and fast extraction, beam damping and beam cooling, instability feedback, etc.The impacts of the accelerator development are evidenced by the many ground-breaking discoveries in particle and nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, biomedical physics, medicine, biology, and industrial processing.This book is intended to be used as a graduate or senior undergraduate textbook in accelerator physics and science. It can be used as preparatory course material for graduate accelerator physics students doing thesis research. The text covers historical accelerator development, transverse betatron motion, synchrotron motion, an introduction to linear accelerators, and synchrotron radiation phenomena in low emittance electron storage rings, introduction to special topics such as the free electron laser and the beam-beam interaction. Attention is paid to derivation of the action-angle variables of the phase space, because the transformation is important for understanding advanced topics such as the collective instability and nonlinear beam dynamics. Each section is followed by exercises, which are designed to reinforce the concept discussed and to solve a realistic accelerator design problem.
