Download or read book Disposal Unit Source Term DUST Data Input Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance assessment of a low-level waste (LLW) disposal facility begins with an estimation of the rate at which radionuclides migrate out of the facility (i.e., the source term). The focus of this work is to develop a methodology for calculating the source term. In general, the source term is influenced by the radionuclide inventory, the wasteforms and containers used to dispose of the inventory, and the physical processes that lead to release from the facility (fluid flow, container degradation, wasteform leaching, and radionuclide transport). The computer code DUST (Disposal Unit Source Term) has been developed to model these processes. This document presents the models used to calculate release from a disposal facility, verification of the model, and instructions on the use of the DUST code. In addition to DUST, a preprocessor, DUSTIN, which helps the code user create input decks for DUST and a post-processor, GRAFXT, which takes selected output files and plots them on the computer terminal have been written. Use of these codes is also described.
Download or read book Disposal Unit Source Term DUST data input guide written by T. M. Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DUSTMS D written by T. M. SULLIVAN and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance assessment of a low-level waste (LLW) disposal facility begins with an estimation of the rate at which radionuclides migrate out of the facility (i.e., the source term). The focus of this work is to develop a methodology for calculating the source term. In general, the source term is influenced by the radionuclide inventory, the wasteforms and containers used to dispose of the inventory, and the physical processes that lead to release from the facility (fluid flow, container degradation, wasteform leaching, and radionuclide transport). Many of these physical processes are influenced by the design of the disposal facility (e.g., how the engineered barriers control infiltration of water). The complexity of the problem and the absence of appropriate data prevent development of an entirely mechanistic representation of radionuclide release from a disposal facility. Typically, a number of assumptions, based on knowledge of the disposal system, are used to simplify the problem. This has been done and the resulting models have been incorporated into the computer code DUST-MS (Disposal Unit Source Term-Multiple Species). The DUST-MS computer code is designed to model water flow, container degradation, release of contaminants from the wasteform to the contacting solution and transport through the subsurface media. Water flow through the facility over time is modeled using tabular input. Container degradation models include three types of failure rates: (a) instantaneous (all containers in a control volume fail at once), (b) uniformly distributed failures (containers fail at a linear rate between a specified starting and ending time), and (c) gaussian failure rates (containers fail at a rate determined by a mean failure time, standard deviation and gaussian distribution). Wasteform release models include four release mechanisms: (a) rinse with partitioning (inventory is released instantly upon container failure subject to equilibrium partitioning (sorption) with the waste form), (b) diffusion release.(release from either a cylindrical, spherical, or rectangular wasteform), (c) dissolution release (uniform release over time due to dissolution of the wasteform surface), and (d) solubility limited release. The predicated wasteform releases are corrected for radioactive decay and ingrowth. A unique set of container failure and wasteform release parameters can be specified for each control volume with a container. Contaminant transport is modeled through a finite-difference solution of the advective transport equation with sources (wasteform release and ingrowth) and radioactive decay. Although DUST-MS simulates one-dimensional transport, it can be used to simulate migration down to an aquifer and then transport in the aquifer by running the code twice. A special subroutine allows the flux into the aquifer from the first simulation to be input as the flux at the upstream boundary in the aquifer. This document presents the models used to calculate release from a disposal facility, verification of the model, and instructions on the use of the DUST-MS code. In addition to DUST-MS, a preprocessor, DUSTINMS, which helps the code user create input decks for DUST-MS and a post-processor, GRAFMS, which takes selected output files and plots them on the computer terminal have been written. Use of these codes is also described. In using DUST-MS, as with all computer models, the validity of the predictions relies heavily on the validity of the input parameters. Often, the largest uncertainties arise from uncertainty in the input parameters. Therefore, it is crucial to document and support the use of these parameters. The DUST-MS code, because of its flexibility and ability to compute release rates quickly, is extremely useful for screening to determine the radionuclide released at the highest rate, parameter sensitivity analysis and, with proper choice of the input parameters, provide upper bounds to release rates.
Download or read book Stabilization and solidification of hazardous radioactive and mixed wastes written by T. Michael Gilliam and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The State of Development of Waste Forms for Mixed Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-07-02 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Waste Management Programmatic EIS for Managing Treatment Storage and Disposal of Radioactive and Hazardous Waste for Five Types of Waste Low level Radioactive Low level Mixed Transuranic Radioactive High level Radioactive and Hazardous Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long Term Behaviour of Low and Intermediate Level Waste Packages Under Repository Conditions written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the Coordinated Research Project on Long Term Behaviour of Low and Intermediate Level Waste Packages Under Repository Conditions. The report provides an overview of scientific and technical issues related to the behaviour and performance of a wide range of low and intermediate level waste.
Download or read book West Valley Demonstration Project for Completion and Western New York Nuclear Service Center Closure Or Long term Management Appalachian Plateau City of Buffalo written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Uranium in the Aquatic Environment written by Broder Merkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface Uranium is a radioactive element and a heavy metal which is naturally occurring in ground and surface water. Although uranium is enriched in granites and gneiss ground water from these host rocks often shows low to intermediate uranium con centrations, while some ground waters from sandstone and carbonate aquifers show elevated uranium concentrations up to several hundred mg/1 without man made impact. On the other side, surface water contains increased anthropogenic uranium concentrations due to the intensive use of phosphate fertilizers and in mining areas due to mining and milling activities. Saxony and Thuringia both be ing states of the reunified Germany are probably an area where uranium mining activities have impacted the environment more severely than in any other part of the world. Thus, the federal government of Germany allocated huge amounts of money for the rehabilitation work, a unique proceeding without precedent in min ing history. In October 1995 the first international conference on Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology (UMM I) was held in Freiberg being organized by the Department of Geology at the technical University Freiberg by the support of the Saxon State Ministry of Geology and Environment. Due to the large scientific interest in the topic ofuranium a second conference (UMH II) took place in Freiberg in Septem ber 1998.
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Download or read book Nuclear Waste Management written by Man-Sung Yim and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book lays a comprehensive foundation for addressing the issue of safety in the lifecycle of nuclear waste. With the focus on the fundamental principles, the book covers key technical approaches to safety in the management of spent nuclear fuel, reprocessed high-level waste, low-level waste, and decommissioning wastes. Behaviors of nuclear waste in natural and engineered systems in relation to safety assessment are also described through the explanation of fundamental processes. For any country involved with the use of nuclear power, nuclear waste management is a topic of grave importance. Although many countries have heavily invested in nuclear waste management, having a successful national program still remains a major challenge. This book offers substantial guidance for those seeking solutions to these problems. As the problem of nuclear waste management is heavily influenced by social factors, the connection between technical and social issues in nuclear waste management is also discussed. The book is a core text for advanced students in nuclear and environmental engineering, and a valuable reference for those working in nuclear engineering and related areas.
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Topical Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management Spectrum 96 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Topical Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management Spectrum written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
