Download or read book Displaced Mozambicans in Postcolonial Tanzania written by Joanna T. Tague and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first study of displaced Mozambican men, women, and children—from refugees and asylum seekers to liberation leaders, students, and migrant workers—during the war for independence from Portugal (1964-1974). Throughout the war, two distinct communities of Mozambicans emerged. On the one hand, a minority of students and liberation leaders, congregated in Dar es Salaam and, on the other, the majority of Mozambicans, who settled in refugee camps. Joanna T. Tague attends to both these groups by juxtaposing the experiences of the two. Using a diverse range of archival materials and oral interviews, she argues that during decolonization the displaced acted as their own agents and strategized their own trajectories in exile. Compelling scholars to reconsider how governments, aid agencies, local citizens, and the displaced themselves defined, debated, and reconstituted what it meant to be a "refugee" in Africa during decolonization, this book ultimately shows how the state of being a refugee could be generative and productive, rather than simply debilitating and destructive. Displaced Mozambicans in Postcolonial Tanzania will be invaluable for students and scholars of African and world contemporary history.
Download or read book A War to Build the Nation written by Joanna Tague and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation examines the complex relationship between refugee settlement, rural development, and state sovereignty in post-colonial Africa. In 1964, Mozambique's war for independence from Portugal began, and tens of thousands of refugees fled northward to the independent state of Tanzania. Using archival and oral research, I examine the multiple ways that Mozambican refugees contributed to nation-building in southern Tanzania. I focus on three central themes--humanitarian relief aid, agrarian change, and borderlands--to demonstrate that Mozambican refugees played a critical role in supporting the Tanzanian state's policy of rural development through self-reliance. I argue that the establishment of Mozambican refugee settlements permanently altered the physical landscape of rural southern Tanzania. Refugee labor built roads, bridges, schools, health clinics, farms, and cooperatives throughout southern Tanzania, a region developmentally neglected by both colonial and nationalist government officials. I demonstrate that the post-colonial Tanzanian state recognized the arrival of Mozambican refugees as a development opportunity to be exploited. Moreover, the creation of refugee settlements enabled the Tanzanian government to centralize essential services--services that the newly independent state was finding difficult to offer its citizenry. I conclude that Mozambican refugee settlements thus served as precursors to the Tanzanian state's policy of rural socialist development, or Ujamaa. Mozambique's war for independence also prompted the Tanzanian state to harden its once-fluid southern border. The Tanzanian government feared possible Portuguese incursions across the border, and sought to defend the nation's territorial integrity. The Tanzanian state labeled villages throughout the south "defense" villages and armed citizens so they could protect the southern border from potential Portuguese aggression. I argue that while Mozambican refugees worked on expanding both the infrastructure and agricultural productivity of the rural south, local Tanzanian citizens lived in a constant state of fear. Historians have both benefited from and contributed to the growing body of interdisciplinary research on refugee migration, settlement, and repatriation. Yet refugees themselves are often the central focus, particularly their social, economic, or political experiences while in exile. The long-term environmental impact of refugee settlement on rural development and nation-building in host communities has received less attention. The influx of Mozambican refugees into southern Tanzania in the 1960s and 1970s serves as historical example of how nascent states respond to humanitarian crises. My analysis of refugee settlements in post-colonial Africa reveals two underexplored facets of the Tanzanian state at this point in time: one, as capturing the labor of refugees to promote rural development broadly, and two, as relying on historically neglected regions to secure borders and, thereby, defend the nation.
Download or read book Eastern Europe the Soviet Union and Africa written by Chris Saunders and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-04-26 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now widely recognised that a Cold War perspective falls short in unfolding the complex geographies of connections and the multipolarity of actions and transactions that were shaped through the movement of individuals and ideas from Africa to the "East" and from the "East" to Africa in the decades in which African countries moved to independence. Adopting an interdisciplinary, transregional perspective, this volume casts new light on aspects of the role of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the decolonisation of Africa. Taking further themes explored in a collection of essays published by the editors in 2019, the twelve case studies by authors from South Africa, Czech Republic, Portugal, Russia, Hungary, Italy, Canada, Serbia, and Germany draw on new sources to explore the history of the ties that existed between African liberation movements and the socialist bloc, some of which continue to influence relationships today. Chapters contribute to three relevant main themes that resonate in a number of scholarly fields of inquiry, ranging from Global Studies, Transregional Studies, Cold War Studies, (Global) History to African Studies, Eastern European, Russian and Slavic Studies: Reconsiderations, Resources, and Reverberations. Drawing upon newly opened archives and combining transregional perspectives with sources in different languages, chapters explicitly point out the shortcomings of past research and debates in the respective field. They highlight new avenues which have been developing and which need to be further developed (Reconsiderations). Selected case studies address the resources of those being active and involved in decolonisation processes, be it in East, North, West and South. They reveal: Which resources (both material and intellectual) are the actors drawing upon? On the other hand: From which resources are individuals on one side or the other reciprocally or intermittently (intentionally) kept away? (Resources). Finally, the third theme puts an emphasis on the historicity of the processes depicted. Studies point to the gaps and dead ends of international support, the paths that peter out, but also to repercussions and reverberations up until today. (Reverberations) Taken these three themes together, the individual chapters contribute to the overall question of: Which general historical narratives about the second half of the 20th century are changing based on these new research findings?
Download or read book Women s Lived Landscapes of War and Liberation in Mozambique written by Jonna Katto and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells the history of the changing gendered landscapes of northern Mozambique from the perspective of women who fought in the armed struggle for national independence, diverting from the often-told narrative of women in nationalist wars that emphasizes a linear plot of liberation. Taking a novel approach in focusing on the body, senses, and landscape, Jonna Katto, through a study of the women ex-combatants’ lived landscapes, shows how their life trajectories unfold as nonlinear spatial histories. This brings into focus the women’s shifting and multilayered negotiations for personal space and belonging. This book explores the life memories of the now aging female ex-combatants in the province of Niassa in northern Mozambique, looking at how the female ex-combatants’ experiences of living in these northern landscapes have shaped their sense of socio-spatial belonging and attachment. It builds on the premise that individual embodied memory cannot be separated from social memory; personal lives are culturally shaped. Thus, the book does not only tell the history of a small and rather unique group of women but also speaks about wider cultural histories of body-landscape relations in northern Mozambique and especially changes in those relations. Enriching our understanding of the gendered history of the liberation struggle in Mozambique and informing broader discussions on gender and nationalism, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of African history, especially the colonial and postcolonial history of Lusophone Africa, as well as gender/women’s history and peace and conflict studies.
Download or read book Revolutionary State Making in Dar es Salaam written by George Roberts and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protestant Missionaries and Humanitarianism in the DRC written by Jeremy Rich and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2020 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A significant contribution to the history of humanitarianism, Christianity and the politics of aid in Africa.
Download or read book Southern African Liberation Movements and the Global Cold War East written by Lena Dallywater and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the global context of the Cold War, the relationship between liberation movements and Eastern European states obviously changed and transformed. Similarly, forms of (material) aid and (ideological) encouragement underwent changes over time. The articles assembled in this volume argue that the traditional Cold War geography of bi-polar competition with the United States is not sufficient to fully grasp these transformations. The question of which side of the ideological divide was more successful (or lucky) in impacting actors and societies in the global south is still relevant, yet the Cold War perspective falls short in unfolding the complex geographies of connections and the multipolarity of actions and transactions that exists until today. Acknowledging the complexities of liberation movements in globalization processes, the papers thus argue that activities need to be understood in their local context, including personal agendas and internal conflicts, rather than relying primarily on the traditional frame of Cold War competition. They point to the agency of individual activists in both "Africa" and "Eastern Europe" and the lessons, practices and languages that were derived from their often contradictory encounters. In Southern African Liberation Movements, authors from South Africa, Portugal, Austria and Germany ask: What role did actors in both Southern Africa and Eastern Europe play? What can we learn by looking at biographies in a time of increasing racial and international conflict? And which "creative solutions" need to be found, to combine efforts of actors from various ideological camps? Building on archival sources from various regions in different languages, case studies presented in the edition try to encounter the lack of a coherent state of the art. They aim at combining the sometimes scarce sources with qualitative interviews to give answers to the many open questions regarding Southern African liberation movements and their connections to the "East".
Download or read book Rethinking White Societies in Southern Africa written by Duncan Money and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-12 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book showcases new research by emerging and established scholars on white workers and the white poor in Southern Africa. Rethinking White Societies in Southern Africa challenges the geographical and chronological limitations of existing scholarship by presenting case studies from Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe that track the fortunes of nonhegemonic whites during the era of white minority rule. Arguing against prevalent understandings of white society as uniformly wealthy or culturally homogeneous during this period, it demonstrates that social class remained a salient element throughout the twentieth century, how Southern Africa’s white societies were often divided and riven with tension and how the resulting social, political and economic complexities animated white minority regimes in the region. Addressing themes such as the class-based disruption of racial norms and practices, state surveillance and interventions – and their failures – towards nonhegemonic whites, and the opportunities and limitations of physical and social mobility, the book mounts a forceful argument for the regional consideration of white societies in this historical context. Centrally, it extends the path-breaking insights emanating from scholarship on racialized class identities from North America to the African context to argue that race and class cannot be considered independently in Southern Africa. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of southern African studies, African history, and the history of race.
Download or read book Continental Encampment written by Are John Knudsen and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2023-02-10 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, Syria’s displacement crisis has made the Middle East one of the world’s foremost refugee-hosting regions. The measures to prevent refugees and migrants from leaving the region, and returning those who do, has made the region a zone of containment where millions remain displaced. The volume explores responses to mass migration and traces the genealogy of humanitarian containment from the Ottoman Empire and the emergence of the first refugee camps to the present-day displacement ‘crises’ and the re-bordering of Europe.
Download or read book Photography and History in Colonial Southern Africa written by Lorena Rizzo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the relationship between photography and history in colonial Southern Africa, using a series of encounters with Southern African photographic archives to reflect on photography as a distinct historical form. Through use of private and public archives, images produced by African itinerant photographers, white settlers, and colonial state institutions, this book explores the relationship between photography and history in colonial Southern Africa. Late nineteenth century Cape Colonial prison albums, police photographs from German Southwest Africa, African studio portraits, identity documents, travel permits and passports from the 1920s and 1930s, visual studies of whiteness and blackness authored by settler photographers, South African dompas photographs from the 1950s and 1960s, and aerial photography from the Eastern Cape in the mid-twentieth century are examined to highlight the ways in which photographic images cut across conventional institutional boundaries and complicate rigid distinctions between the private and the public, the political and the aesthetic, the colonial and the vernacular, or the subject and the object. Photography and History in Colonial Southern Africa argues that rather than understanding photographs as a means of preserving and recreating the past in the present, we can value them for how they evoke at once the need for and the limits of historical reconstruction. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of colonial history, photographic history, visual media, and African studies.
Download or read book African Activists in a Decolonising World written by Ismay Milford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As wars of liberation in Africa and Asia shook the post-war world, a cohort of activists from East and Central Africa, specifically the region encompassing present-day Malawi, Zambia, Uganda and mainland Tanzania, asked what role they could play in the global anticolonial landscape. Through the perspective of these activists, Ismay Milford presents a social and intellectual history of decolonisation and anticolonialism in the 1950s and 1960s. Drawing on multi-archival research, she brings together their trajectories for the first time, reconstructing the anticolonial culture that underpinned their journeys to Delhi, Cairo, London, Accra and beyond. Forming committees and publishing pamphlets, these activists worked with pan-African and Afro-Asian solidarity projects, Cold War student internationals, spiritual internationalists and diverse pressure groups. Milford argues that a focus on their everyday labour and knowledge production highlights certain limits of transnational and international activism, opening up a critical - albeit less heroic - perspective on the global history of anticolonial work and thought.
Download or read book Transnational solidarity written by Zeina Maasri and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-26 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transnational solidarity excavates the forgotten histories of solidarity that were vital to radical political imaginaries during the ‘long’ 1960s. It decentres the conventional Western focus of this critical historical moment by foregrounding transnational solidarity with, and across, anticolonial and anti-imperialist liberation struggles. The book traces the ways in which solidarity was conceived, imagined and enacted in the border crossings — of nation, race and class — made by grassroots activists. This diverse collection draws links between exiled revolutionaries in Uruguay, post-colonial immigrants in Britain, and Greek communist refugees in East Germany who campaigned for their respective causes from afar while identifying and linking up with wider liberation struggles. Meanwhile, Arab immigrants in France, Pakistani volunteers and Iraqi artists found myriad ways to express solidarity with the Palestinian cause. Neglected archives also reveal Tricontinental Cuban-based genealogies of artistic militancy, as well as transnational activist networks against Portuguese colonial rule in Africa. Bringing together original research with contributions from veteran activists and artists, this interdisciplinary volume explores how transnational solidarity was expressed in and carried through the itineraries of migrants and revolutionaries, film and print cultures, art and sport, political campaigns and armed struggle. It presents a novel perspective on radical politics of the global sixties which remains crucial to understanding anti-racist solidarity today. With a foreword by Vijay Prashad.
Download or read book Africans and the Holocaust written by Edward Kissi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an original and comparative study of reactions in West and East Africa to the persecution and attempted annihilation of Jews in Europe and in former German colonies in sub-Saharan Africa during the Second World War. An intellectual and diplomatic history of World War II and the Holocaust, Africans and the Holocaust looks at the period from the perspectives of the colonized subjects of the Gold Coast, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Kenya, Tanganyika, and Uganda, as well as the sovereign peoples of Liberia and Ethiopia, who wrestled with the social and moral questions that the war and the Holocaust raised. The five main chapters of the book explore the pre-Holocaust history of relations between Jews and Africans in West and East Africa, perceptions of Nazism in both regions, opinions of World War II, interpretations of the Holocaust, and responses of the colonized and sovereign peoples of West and East Africa to efforts by Great Britain to resettle certain categories of Jewish refugees from Europe in the two regions before and during the Holocaust. This book will be of use to students and scholars of African history, Holocaust and Jewish studies, and international or global history.
Download or read book Postcolonial People written by Christoph Kalter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having built much of their wealth, power, and identities on imperial expansion, how did the Portuguese and, by extension, Europeans deal with the end of empire? Postcolonial People explores the processes and consequences of decolonization through the histories of over half a million Portuguese settlers who 'returned' following the 1974 Carnation Revolution from Angola, Mozambique, and other parts of Portugal's crumbling empire to their country of origin and citizenship, itself undergoing significant upheaval. Looking comprehensively at the returnees' history and memory for the first time, this book contributes to debates about colonial racism and its afterlives. It studies migration, 'refugeeness,' and integration to expose an apparent paradox: The end of empire and the return migrations it triggered belong to a global history of the twentieth century and are shaped by transnational dynamics. However, they have done nothing to dethrone the primacy of the nation-state. If anything, they have reinforced it.
Download or read book African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania written by Priya Lal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on a wide range of oral and written sources, this book tells the story of Tanzania's socialist experiment: the ujamaa villagization initiative of 1967-75. Inaugurated shortly after independence, ujamaa ('familyhood' in Swahili) both invoked established socialist themes and departed from the existing global repertoire of development policy, seeking to reorganize the Tanzanian countryside into communal villages to achieve national development. Priya Lal investigates how Tanzanian leaders and rural people creatively envisioned ujamaa and documents how villagization unfolded on the ground, without affixing the project to a trajectory of inevitable failure. By forging an empirically rich and conceptually nuanced account of ujamaa, African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania restores a sense of possibility and process to the early years of African independence, refines prevailing theories of nation building and development, and expands our understanding of the 1960s and 70s world.
Download or read book African Refugees written by Toyin Falola and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-03 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Refugees is a comprehensive overview of the context, causes, and consequences of refugee lives, discussing issues, policies, and solutions for African refugees around the world. It covers overarching topics such as human rights, policy frameworks, refugee protection, and durable solutions, as well as less-studied topics such as refugee youths, refugee camps, LGBTQ refugees, urban refugees, and refugee women. It also takes on rare but emergent topics such as citizenship and the creativity of African refugees. Toyin Falola and Olajumoke Yacob-Haliso showcase the voices and experiences of individual refugees through the sweep of history to tell the African refugee story from the historical past through current developments, covering the full range of experience from the causes of flight to living in exile, all while maintaining a persistent focus on the complicated search for solutions. African Refugees recognizes African agency and contributions in pursuit of solutions for African refugees over time but avoids the pitfalls of the colonial gaze—where refugees are perpetually pathologized and Africa is always the sole cause of its own problems—seeking to complicate these narratives by recognizing African refugee issues within exploitative global, colonial, and neo-colonial systems of power.
Download or read book A Relational Ethics of Immigration written by Dan Bulley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-28 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the ethics of immigration, we need to start from the way it is enacted and understood by everyday actors: through practices of hospitality and hostility. Drawing on feminist and poststructuralist understandings of ethics and hospitality, this book offers a new approach to immigration ethics by exploring state and societal responses to immigration from the Global North and South. Rather than treating ethics as a determinable code for how we ought to behave toward strangers, it explores hospitality as a relational ethics -- an ethics without moralism -- that aims to understand and possibly transform the way people already do embrace and deflect obligations and responsibilities to each other. Building from specific examples in Colombia, Turkey and Tanzania, as well as the EU, US and UK, hospitality is developed as a structural and emotional practice of drawing and redrawing boundaries of inside and outside, belonging and non-belonging. It thereby actively creates a society as a communal space with a particular ethos: from a welcoming home to a racialised hostile environment. Hospitality is therefore treated as a critical mode of reflecting on how we create a 'we' and relate to others through entangled histories of colonialism, displacement, friendship and exploitation. Only through such a reflective understanding can we seek to transform immigration practices to better reflect the real and aspirational ethos of a society. Instead of simple answers -- removing borders or creating global migration regimes -- the book argues for grounded negotiations that build from existing local capacities to respond to immigration.
