Download or read book Dislocation and Degradation of Proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum written by Emmanuel Wiertz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-04 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume of Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology c- tains seven chapters that illuminate various aspects of a protein’s genesis and terminal fate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This area is of immediate medical relevance and has blossomed, to no small extent, because of the study of molecules central to the function of the immune system [immunogl- ulins, T cell receptors, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded products]. Similarly, the clever strategies used by bacteria or viruses to gain a foothold in the host and ensure their continued survival have uncovered altogether new cell biological principles. It is therefore ?tting that a special volume be devoted to the interplay between pathways of protein degradation in the ER and a wide variety of pathogens. The concept of quality control emerged with the appreciation that, in the case of multimeric glycoproteins, any unpaired glycoprotein subunit had great dif?culties leaving its site of synthesis—the ER—and was destroyed instead. Free immunoglobulin heavy chains were probably the earliest documented example of this kind, and were long known to cause pathology when their accumulation went unchecked. Increased knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways of glycoproteins allowed the identi?cation of the ER as an important site where such quality control decisions were made. The T cell receptor for antigen, long considered the paradigm of this mode of degradation, led the way in these early explorations.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protein Degradation from the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Yeast written by Rocco John Casagrande and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Derlin 1 is a Rhomboid Pseudoprotease Required for the Dislocation of Misfolded Proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum written by Ethan Joseph Greenblatt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degradation of misfolded secretory proteins is ultimately mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the cytoplasm, therefore endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) substrates must be dislocated across the ER membrane through a process driven by the AAA ATPase p97/VCP. Derlins recruit p97/VCP and have been proposed to be part of the dislocation machinery. Here we report that Derlins are inactive members of the rhomboid family of intramembrane proteases and bind p97/VCP through C-terminal SHP boxes. Human Derlin-1 harboring mutations within the rhomboid domain stabilized mutant [alpha]-1 antitrypsin (NHK) at the cytosolic face of the ER membrane without disrupting the p97/VCP interaction. We propose that substrate interaction and p97/VCP recruitment are separate functions that are essential for dislocation and can be assigned respectively to the rhomboid domain and the C terminus of Derlin-1. These data suggest that intramembrane proteolysis and protein dislocation share unexpected mechanistic features.
Download or read book Ubiquitin dependent Protein Degradation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-03-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ubiquitination and Protein Stability - Part B, Volume 619, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this updated volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Topics of note include chapters on Assays of SUMO protease function in mammalian cells, In vitro analysis of proteasome-associated USP14 activity for substrate degradation and deubiquitylation, Methods to study proteasome regulatory particle assembly, Native mass spectrometry approaches to study the proteasome, Single-molecule methods to study the ubiquitin-proteasome system, Assays for the function of ubiquitin in the mammalian endocytic pathway, and much more.
Download or read book Intracellular Protein Degradation written by Fergus J. Doherty and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein degradation is important in the control of intracellular concentrations of key regulatory enzymes and other proteins. This book describes the mechanisms of intracellular protein degradation at the molecular and cell biological levels including: kinetics of protein degradation,lysosomes, cystosolic proteases, the ubiquitin pathway, molecular determinants of protein half-line, and protein degradation in disease.
Download or read book Protein Quality Control in the Mammalian Endoplasmic Reticulum written by Elizabeth Joanna Klemm and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality control is an important part of protein biogenesis. Aberrant proteins must be destroyed before they aggregate and cause deleterious effects. Failure to do so can result in cell death or malfunction and, ultimately, disease. Quality control involves the recognition of misfolded proteins and their degradation. For secretory and membrane proteins, folding occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but degradation is performed by the cytosolic proteasome. Thus, quality control in the secretory system includes the dislocation of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytoplasm. ER proteins that fail to fold correctly are identified and directed to the membrane-associated ER quality control machinery. They are then moved across the ER membrane, tagged with ubiquitin, and extracted from the membrane and complex. Finally, the dislocation substrate is taken to the proteasome where it is degraded. Many proteins constituting the mammalian quality control machinery have been identified. Several different dislocation complexes work in parallel to clear misfolded proteins from the ER and they are distinguished by their E3 ubiquitin ligase. This thesis describes the identification and characterization of several previously unknown members of the HRD1-associated ER quality control complex. The newly-identified proteins are osteosarcoma amplified-9 (OS9), UBX domain containing-8 (UBXD8), Ubiquitinconjugating enzyme-6e (UBC6e), and ancient ubiquitous protein-i (AUP1). Each of these proteins participates in different steps of ER quality control. OS9 directs misfolded soluble glycoproteins to the dislocation complex. The mannose-6- phosphate homology domain of OS9 is involved in the recognition of glycans on the misfolded protein. UBXD8 recruits p97, the AAA+ ATPase responsible for membrane extraction of dislocated proteins, to the ER using its UBX domain. UBC6e is a membrane-anchored E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme. AUP1 recruits a second E2, soluble UBE2G2. Additionally, AUPI regulates substrate mono- and poly-ubiquitylation. AUPI is also necessary for lipid droplet formation. Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic organelles that store neutral lipids. Based on the data that AUPI depletion affects both ER quality control and lipid droplet formation and that pharmacological inhibition of lipid droplet formation perturbs dislocation, we propose that lipid droplet formation may also play a role in ER protein quality control.
Download or read book Degradation of Misfolded Proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum written by Cole M. Haynes and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dislocation of Malfolded Proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum written by Ruth Geiss-Friedlander and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxidative Folding of Proteins written by Matthias J Feige and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of disulphide bonds is probably the most influential modification of proteins. These bonds are unique among post-translational modifications of proteins as they can covalently link cysteine residues far apart in the primary sequence of a protein. This has the potential to convey stability to otherwise marginally stable structures of proteins. However, the reactivity of cysteines comes at a price: the potential to form incorrect disulphide bonds, interfere with folding, or even cause aggregation. An elaborate set of cellular machinery exists to catalyze and guide this process: facilitating bond formation, inhibiting unwanted pairings and scrutinizing the outcomes. Only in recent years has it become clear how intimately connected this cellular machinery is with protein folding helpers, organellar redox balance and cellular homeostasis as a whole. This book comprehensively covers the basic principles of disulphide bond formation in proteins and describes the enzymes involved in the correct oxidative folding of cysteine-containing proteins. The biotechnological and pharmaceutical relevance of proteins, their variants and synthetic replicates is continuously increasing. Consequently this book is an invaluable resource for protein chemists involved in realted research and production.
Download or read book Retinal Degenerative Diseases written by Matthew M. LaVail and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-21 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will contain the proceedings of the XIV International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2010), held July 13-17, 2010, in Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Canada. The volume will present representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy.
Download or read book Store Operated Calcium Channels written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Store-operated calcium channels are found in most animal cells and regulate many cellular functions including cell division, growth, differentiation, and cell death. This volume provides a concise and informative overview of the principles of store-operated calcium entry and the key developments in the field from researchers who have led these advances. The overall goal of the volume is to provide interested students and investigators with sufficient information to enable a broad understanding of the progress and current excitement in the field. The volume contains a wealth of information that even experienced investigators in the field will find useful. The volume provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and functions of store-operated calcium channels Contributors are authoritative researchers who have produced important advances in the field The volume is well-illustrated with cartoons and data to facilitate easy comprehension of the subject
Download or read book Protein Targeting Transport and Translocation written by Ross Dalbey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-04-09 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein Targeting, Transport, and Translocation presents an in-depth overview on the topic of protein synthesis, covering all areas of protein science, including protein targeting, secretion, folding, assembly, structure, localization, quality control, degradation, and antigen presentation. Chapters also include sections on the history of the field as well as summary panels for quick reference. Numerous color illustrations complement the presentation of material. This book is an essential reference for anyone in biochemistry and protein science, as well as an excellent textbook for advanced students in these and related fields. Basic principles and techniques Targeting adn sorting sequences Protein export in bacteria Membrane protein integration into ER and bacterial membranes Protein translocation across the ER Disulfide bond formation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Quality control in the export pathway Import of proteins into organelles The secretory pathway Vesicular transport Spectacular color throughout
Download or read book Molecular Chaperones in Health and Disease written by Matthias Gaestel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-09-27 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular chaperones are involved in a wide variety of essential cellular processes in living cells. A subset of molecular chaperones have been initially described as heat shock proteins protecting cells from stress damage by keeping cellular proteins in a folding competent state and preventing them from irreversible aggregation. Later it became obvious that molecular chaperones are also expressed constitutively in the cell and are involved in complex processes such as protein synthesis, intracellular protein transport, post-translational modification and secretion of proteins as well as receptor signalling. Hence, it is not surprising that molecular chaperones are implicated in the pathogenesis of many relevant diseases and could be regarded as potential pharmacological targets. Starting with the analysis of the mode of action of chaperones at the molecular, cellular and organismic level, this book will then describe specific aspects where modulation of chaperone action could be of pharmacological and therapeutic interest.
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins and Stress written by Alexzander A. A. Asea and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Heat Shock Proteins and Stress provides the most comprehensive review on contemporary knowledge on the role of HSP in Stress. Using an integrative approach to understanding the regulation of HSP responses, the contributors provide a synopsis of novel mechanisms by which HSP responses are regulated under normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Key basic and clinical research laboratories from major universities and academic medical hospitals around the world contribute chapters that review present research activity and importantly project the field into the future. The book is a must read for researchers, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in the fields of Translational Medicine, Clinical Psychologists, Human Physiology, Zoologists, Botanists, Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine, Infectious Diseases Experts and Pathologists.
Download or read book Misfolded Protein Degradation Requires ER Golgi Transport and the Novel Cargo Receptor Erv29 written by Sabrina R. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Macromolecular Protein Complexes III Structure and Function written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers important topics such as the dynamic structure and function of the 26S proteasome, the DNA replication machine: structure and dynamic function and the structural organization and protein–protein interactions in the human adenovirus capsid, to mention but a few. The 18 chapters included here, written by experts in their specific field, are at the forefront of scientific knowledge. The impressive integration of structural data from X-ray crystallography with that from cryo-electron microscopy is apparent throughout the book. In addition, functional aspects are also given a high priority. Chapter 1 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
