Download or read book Direct Detection of Dark Matter with Noble Liquid Detectors written by Jason Spaans and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design of Single Phase Liquid Argon Detectors for Dark Matter Searches written by Daniel E. Gastler and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Within our current understanding of the makeup of the universe, dark matter makes up 25% of the total energy and over 80% of the matter in the universe. Little is known about the makeup of dark matter, but its existence has been indirectly measured using the rotation curves of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and the Cosmic Microwave Background. To gain a greater understanding of this component of the universe, direct detection of dark matter is a major objective in particle astrophysics. One popular candidate for dark matter is the weakly interacting massive particle, or WIMP. The allowed rate of interaction between a WIMP and normal matter is extremely low, requiring new detection technologies with greater sensitivity to be explored. Though several experiments have already been conducted, no direct detection experiment has unambiguously identified a dark matter signal. This work explores the use of noble liquids, in a single liquid phase design, to detect single scatters of dark matter particles. The goal of current experiments is to investigate matter-dark-matter interaction cross-sections down to 10–45cm2. With that in mind, the MiniCLEAN detector has been designed with a 500 kg liquid argon detector volume and will be viewed by a spherical tt configuration of 92 photo-multiplier tubes. In order to determine the ability for single phase noble liquid to detect nuclear recoils from dark matter, several R&D experiments have been performed. These experiments undertook the measurement of how dark-matter-like nuclear recoils and background-like electronic recoils behave in liquid argon. In addition to reviewing the measurements of pulse shape discrimination and other noble liquid properties, my measurement of the scintillation efficiency is described. The scintillation efficiency characterizes the differing energy responses for nuclear and electron recoils. This was the first measurement of the scintillation efficiency in liquid argon for nuclear recoils over a wide energy range. Additionally, this work covers the design and testing of the front-end electronics and data acquisition software I developed for the MiniCLEAN experiment. This system has been designed to record and process thousands of physics events per second and has been tested using novel simulators, that I developed, that approximately represent the expected PMT signals of the MiniCLEAN detector.
Download or read book Direct Search for Dark Matter by Using Dual phase Liquid Xenon Detector and Measurement of Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Argon written by Yixiong Meng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmological and Astrophysical observations provide compelling evidences for the existence of dark matter in the universe. One class of dark matter candidates, the Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), has been predicted in many particle physics theories. Direct detection experiments using dual- phase liquid noble element detectors report the best sensitivities to the detection of the dark matter particles. The next generation direct detection experiments using the same technology, are actively been built and expected to give a factor of 100 improvement on the current best sensitivity. This thesis discusses the measurement of nuclear recoils in a dual-phase liquid argon detector using a bunched neutron beam generated by linear accelerator facility at accelerator laboratory in Notre Dame University. Nuclear recoils of en- ergy ranging from 10.8 keVnr to 49.9 keVnr are measured under different drift field configurations. An electric field quenching on nuclear recoils in liquid argon is dis- covered and quantified for the first time. This quenching effect is also found to be drift field and recoil energy dependent. By varying the drift field amplitude from 100 V/cm to 1000 V/cm for each nuclear recoil energy, the quenching effect are measured as a function of nuclear recoil energy and drift field amplitude. Results from this measurement is used in the direct dark matter detection experiment to calculate the final sensitivity of direct dark matter search. A separate work on the optimization of detector design for the XENON1T detector is also discussed in detail. Finite element simulation tool is used to design and optimize the electric field in XENON1T time projection chamber. As part of the design of XENON1T detector, electron transparency across metal grids of different geometrical configurations are also studied.
Download or read book Results from the XENON10 and the Race to Detect Dark Matter with Noble Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detectors based on liquid noble gases have the potential to revolutionize the direct search for WIMP dark matter. The XENON10 experiment, of which I am a member, has recently announced the results from it's first data run and is now the leading WIMP search experiment. This and other experiments using xenon, argon and neon have the potential to rapidly move from the current kg-scale target mass to the ton scale and well beyond. This should allow a (nearly) definitive test or discovery of dark matter if it is in the form of weakly interacting massive particles.
Download or read book The Theory of Direct Dark Matter Detection written by Eugenio Del Nobile and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a pedagogical guide on how to make computations in direct dark matter (DM) detection. The theory behind the calculation of direct detection cross sections and rates is presented, touching aspects related to elementary particle physics, hadronic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The book is structured in self-contained sections, covering several topics ranging from the scattering kinematics to the phenomenology of direct DM searches. It follows a model-independent approach, aiming at providing the readers with all that is needed to understand the theory and start their own analysis. Meant for graduate students and researchers with interests in particle physics and phenomenology, it is enriched with several worked examples from standard and non-standard particle DM models. Senior researchers working in different areas related to dark matter, like particle and nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, find in this book a useful and updated guide for reference.
Download or read book Direct Detection of Dark Matter with Liquid Argon and Neon written by Walter Hugh Lippincott and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Noble Gas Detectors written by Elena Aprile and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.
Download or read book Direct Detection of Dark Matter with Liquid Argon and Neon written by Walter Hugh Lippincott and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental High Energy Physics Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The grant supported research on an experimental search for evidence of dark matter interactions with normal matter. The PI carried out the research as a member of the LUX and LZ collaborations. The LUX research team collected a first data set with the LUX experiment, a large liquid xenon detector installed in the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). The first results were published in Physical Review Letters on March 4, 2014. The journal Nature named the LUX result a scientific highlight of the year for 2013. In addition, the LZ collaboration submitted the full proposal for the Lux Zeplin experiment, which has since been approved by DOE-HEP as a second-generation dark matter experiment. Witherell is the Level 2 manager for the Outer Detector System on the LUX-Zeplin experiment.
Download or read book An Investigation of Backgrounds in the DEAP 3600 Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiment written by Laurelle Maria Veloce and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomical and cosmological observations reveal that the majority of the matter in our universe is made of an unknown, non-luminous substance called dark matter. Many experimental attempts are underway to directly detect particle dark matter, which is very difficult to measure due to the expected low interaction rate with normal matter. DEAP-3600 is a direct dark matter search experiment located two kilometres underground at SNOLAB, in Sudbury, Ontario. DEAP-3600 will make use of liquid argon as the detector material, which scintillates as charged particles pass through. The work presented here is an investigation of expected background sources in the DEAP detector. Because DEAP-3600 is a noble liquid-based experiment, a thin film of [1,1,4,4]-tetraphenyl-[1,3]-butadiene (TPB) is coated on the detector walls to shift the scintillation peak from the UV to visible regime for detection. However, alphas passing through TPB produce scintillation signals which can mimic recoil events. Because scintillation properties can change with temperature, we have conducted an investigation of alpha-induced TPB scintillation at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 3.4 K. We were able to characterize the light yield and decay times, and demonstrated that these background events should be distinguishable from true recoil events in liquid argon, thus enabling DEAP-3600 to achieve higher dark matter sensitivity. Additionally, we investigate the performance of the liquid argon purification systems, specifically the activated charcoal used for radon filtration. Previous measurements with the DEAP prototype experiment have demonstrated the necessity of removing radon from the argon prior to filling the detector, due to the release of contaminates from the argon storage systems. Charcoal radon filters are extremely efficient, however, if the emanation rate of the charcoal is too high, there is the possibility of re-contamination. We performed a measurement of the radon emanation rate of a charcoal sample using a radon emanation and extraction system at Queens University. We demonstrated that the emanation rate of the charcoal was consistent with zero. We also show that the number of residual radon atoms which reach the detector would not be an issue for DEAP-3600.
Download or read book Direct Detection of Dark Matter with the PICO Experiment and the PICO 0 1 Calibration Chamber written by Frédéric Tardif and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark matter detection remains one of the main unresolved problems in physics. Accounting for almost 85% of all the matter density in the Universe, it was inferred through many astronomical observations, but no dark matter particle has been detected yet. The PICO experiment has this objective as its purpose, using the bubble chamber in order to do so. PICO can detect extremely low-energy interactions in its superheated liquid detectors, located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory in Sudbury, Ontario. PICO has and has had multiple dark matter search detectors, as well as small detectors used to perform calibrations and tests. PICO-0.1 is a calibration chamber located at the University of Montreal and was used for the studies presented in this thesis. In this thesis, data and analysis of measurements made with PICO-0.1 are presented. A study of the Seitz threshold - theoretical energy threshold for an event to occur in a bubble chamber - is made, with the monoenergetic reaction 35Cl(nth,p)35S in C2ClF5; the study of the monoenergetic 35S recoil, directly inside the detector, is presented. Furthermore, the detection of proton recoils in PICO-0.1 is detailed; first through the analysis of the acoustic signal of the proton produced by 35Cl(nth,p)35S, and second through elastic scattering of neutrons and high energy gamma rays on hydrogen in C2H2F4.
Download or read book Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe written by David Cline and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings provide the latest results on dark matter and dark energy research. The UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy hosted its tenth Dark Matter and Dark Energy conference in Marina del Rey and brought together all the leaders in the field. The symposium provided a scientific forum for the latest discussions in the field. Topics covered at the symposium: •Status of measurements of the equation of state of dark energy and new experiments •The search for missing energy events at the LHC and implications for dark matter search •Theoretical calculations on all forms of dark matter (SUSY, axions, sterile neutrinos, etc.) •Status of the indirect search for dark matter •Status of the direct search for dark matter in detectors around the world •The low-mass wimp search region •The next generation of very large dark matter detectors •New underground laboratories for dark matter search
Download or read book Searching for Dark Matter with Single Phase Liquid Argon written by Thomas S. Caldwell (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of experimental efforts are underway aimed towards direct detection of dark matter through observation of rare scattering of WIMPs in terrestrial detectors. Single phase liquid argon detectors are an appealing WIMP detection technique due to the scintillation properties of liquid argon and the scalability of the single phase approach. The MiniCLEAN dark matter detector is a single phase liquid argon scintillation scintillation detector with a 500 kg active mass. The modular design offers 4[pi] coverage with 92 optical cassettes, each containing TPB coated acrylic and a cryogenic photomultiplier tube. The MiniCLEAN detector has recently completed construction at SNOLAB. The detector is currently being commissioned, and will soon begin operation with the liquid argon target. Utilizing advanced pulse-shape discrimination techniques, MiniCLEAN will probe the WIMP-nucleon cross section parameter space to the level of 10-44 cm2 and demonstrate the pulse-shape discrimination required for next generation experiments capable of further probing the WIMP parameter space in search of WIMP dark matter.
Download or read book Particle Dark Matter written by Gianfranco Bertone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology for graduate students and researchers.
Download or read book A Xenon Detector for WIMP Search written by Youngho Seo and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Low mass Limit written by Noah Kurinsky and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment will be a 20-kg scale Si and Ge direct dark matter detection experiment designed to probe down to 300 MeV in dark matter (DM) mass through DM-nucleus scattering and 500 keV in DM electron scattering. In order to reach these low masses with appreciable sensitivity to dark matter, it needs to achieve very low energy resolution (≤ 10 ev) for nuclear recoils in both detector materials, which will be achieved using a new detector design and operating mode, CDMS HV. This detector is designed to operate at a bias of 100V to convert charges liberated in our detector targets to into phonon energy in order to resolve individual electron-hole pairs. This has never before been achieved in a kg-scale detector. In this thesis, I cover three elements of the design of the CDMS HV detectors. I discuss the detector physics controlling how charges and phonons are generated in our detector crystals, com- paring theory to results of recent experiments carried out at Stanford. I move on to describe the operating principles of our phonon-mediated charge readout, as well as the design of the CDMS HV detector. I then describe the performance tests of early CDMS HV prototypes in conjunction with the SuperCDMS SNOLAB electronics, and discuss the path towards achieving single electron-hole pair resolving detectors at the kg-scale given the performance obtained thus far. As a result of these tests, we were able to refine our noise and sensor dynamics models, and develop new metrics for diagnosing non-ideal sources of noise to aid in reducing coupling of the external environment to our detectors. In order to study the microphysics of phonon and charge production in our target crystals, we fabricated a number of gram-scale devices with various sensor designs in order to separate sensor and environmental effects from intrinsic crystal properties. These devices provided the first successful demonstrating of using voltage to amplify charge energy by production of phonons (the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect) in order to resolve electron-hole pairs, and opened up a new regime of dark matter and photon science at the gram-scale that we are just beginning to explore. A first dark matter search was carried out with one of these gram-scale devices, producing world-leading limits on electron-recoiling dark matter between 0.5 and 5 MeV in dark matter mass for multiple form factors. This device achieved a phonon resolution of 10 eV, allowing a single gram-day of exposure to rival kg-days of exposure in the competing liquid-noble based electron-recoil search.
Download or read book Direct Dark Matter Detection Phenomenology written by Jayden L. Newstead and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identity and origin of dark matter is one of the more elusive mysteries in the fields of particle physics and cosmology. In the near future, direct dark matter detectors will offer a chance at observing dark matter non-gravitationally for the first time. In this thesis, formalisms are developed to analyze direct detection experiments and to quantify the extent to which properties of the dark matter can be determined. A range of non-standard assumptions about the dark matter are considered, including inelastic scattering, isospin violation and momentum dependent scattering. Bayesian inference is applied to realistic detector configurations to evaluate parameter estimation and model selection ability. A complete set of simplified models for spin-0, spin-1/2 and spin-1 dark matter candidates are formulated. The corresponding non-relativistic operators are found, and are used to derive observational signals for the simplified models. The ability to discern these simplified models with direct detection experiments is demonstrated. In the near future direct dark matter detectors will be sensitive to coherent neutrino scattering, which will limit the discovery potential of these experiments. It was found that eleven of the fourteen non-relativistic operators considered produce signals distinct from coherent scattering, and thus the neutrino background does not greatly affect the discovery potential in these cases.
