Download or read book Dimerization of Cobalt II Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine in Water and Aqueous Alcohol Solutions written by Y. C. Yang and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal complexes of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (TSPC) are of interest as oxidation and hydrolysis catalysts for thioethers and organophosphonates. Since metal TSPC complexes aggregate in aqueous solution, it was necessary to determine the dimerization constant as a prerequisite to establishing the efficacy of the monomeric Cobalt (II) TSPC (CoTSPC) complex as a catalyst. Since these potential catalysts will be used in mixed solvents to dissolve thioethers, the aggregation of CoTSPC was measured in alcohol-water solutions at various temperatures. This study uses a nonlinear, least-squares program to compute best-fit molar absorbances for monomers and dimers simultaneously. In addition, the monomer-dimer equilibrium is investigateed over a wide temperature range, 5-75 C, in water to determine if the standard enthalpy of formation varies with temperature. It was found that the enthalpy was temperature-dependent, possessing a constant value of Delta C subscript p deg. of 0.1 kcal/mole-K. It was also shown that earlier investigators deduced dimerization constants that were smaller than the ones reported in this investigation. We feel this was caused by the presence of higher aggregates and unwarranted assumptions in the method to estimate the dimerization constant. It is also shown that the dye, CoTSPC, behaves as typical non-aqueous solute, and that hydrophobic bonding is not involved in the formation of the dimer. Originator supplied keywords include: Cobalt (II) complexes; Monomer-dimer equilibria; Thermodynamics; Methanol-water solution; Dyestuffs; Tetrasulfonated and Phtalocyanine.
Download or read book Aggregation of Cobalt II Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine in Methanol Water Solutions written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal complexes of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (TSPC) are of interest as oxidation and hydrolysis catalysts for thioethers and organophosphonates. Since metal TSPC complexes aggregate in aqueous solution, it was necessary to determine the dimerization constant as a prerequisite to establishing the efficiency of the monomeric TSPC complexes as catalysts. Since these complexes will be used in mixed solvents to dissolve thioethers, the aggregation of the Cobalt (II) TSPC (CoTSPC) was measured in methanol-water solutions at various temperatures. The dimerization constant was determined by a nonlinear least-squares fit of absorbance versus concentration of CoTSPC. Values of the molar absorption coefficients for the monomer and dimer at 662 nm are 9.6 + or - 100,000/M and 7.5 + or - 80,000/M/cm, respectively, with the error representing the standard deviation of four solutions measured at five-degree intervals over the range 15-45 C. The dimerization of CoTSPC in the presence of methanol was measured over the same temperature range with methanol percent mole fraction from 0.4 to 9.8. The temperature dependence of the free energy of dimerization in methanol-water was expressed as delta F = A + BT + CT sq. indicating that the heat capacity of dimerization was linearly dependent on temperature. In pure water the heat capacity of dimerization was zero.
Download or read book Phthalocyanine Research and Applications written by Arthur L. Thomas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-05-24 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this monograph is to provide a summary for those who are active in the field of phthalocyanine research. This volume allows the reader to quickly-and at a reasonable cost-determine what is being accomplished so that he may plan his own research programs. It covers such topics as synthesis, reactions, inks, energy systems, coatings, toners, and electrophotographic plates and developers, just to name a few. Packed with over 40 structural drawings of phthalocyanine molecules, this one-of-a-kind reference provides the necessary description and visualization to stimulate further research. This work is an indispensable resource for researchers and practitioners, both novice and experienced, in the field of phthalocyanine science and technology.
Download or read book Effect of Visible Light on the Dimerization of Cobalt II Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine in Water written by R. P. Seiders and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no evidence that visible light from a spectrophotometer alters the dimerization of CoTSPC. This means that previous determinations of the dimerization constant were unaffected by light from the spectrophotometer, and it raises doubt as to whether visible light enhances disaggregation of CoTSPC as claimed by prior researchers.
Download or read book Tech Notes written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Porphyrin Handbook written by Karl Kadish and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 17: Phthalocyanines: Properties and Materials provides information pertinent to every aspect of the chemistry, synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of phthalocyanines. This book examines the biology and medical implications of porphyrin systems. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effects of pressure, temperature, electromagnetic radiation, and particle impact on phthalocyanines. This text then examines. Other chapters consider the research on phthalocyanine thin films, with emphasis on studies that are concerned primarily with film structures. This book discusses as well the nature of the phthalocyanine aggregation process, how an aggregate is defined, and the issues of its bonding and structure. The final chapter deals with the advances in the design of composites of phthalocyanines or porphyrins and inorganic hosts and some of the most significant finding in the catalysis with these systems. This book is a valuable resource for research scientists, engineers, and clinicians.
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II written by J. A. McCleverty and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2003-12-03 with total page 11845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II (CCC II) is the sequel to what has become a classic in the field, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, published in 1987. CCC II builds on the first and surveys new developments authoritatively in over 200 newly comissioned chapters, with an emphasis on current trends in biology, materials science and other areas of contemporary scientific interest.
Download or read book Fluorine in Heterocyclic Chemistry Volume 1 written by Valentine Nenajdenko and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume work combines comprehensive information on the chemistry of the fluorinated heterocycles. The material has been divided such that the first volume is dedicated to 5-membered fluorinated heterocycles and macrocycles, while the second volume combines data connected with the chemistry of fluorine containing 6-membered heterocycles. Both volumes will be of interest to synthetic organic chemists in general, and particularly for those colleagues working in the fields of heterocyclic-compound chemistry, materials chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and fluorine chemistry. All information is presented and classified clearly to be effective source for broad auditory of chemists. It will be interesting for scientists working in the field of inorganic and coordination chemistry. Fluorinated heterocycles are becoming increasingly important in many areas including the pharmaceutical industry, materials science and agriculture. The presence of fluorine can result in substantial functional changes in the biological as well as physicochemical properties of organic compounds. Incorporation of fluorine into drug molecules can greatly affect their physicochemical properties, such as bond strength, lipophilicity, bioavailability, conformation, electrostatic potential, dipole moment, pKa etc. as well as pharmacokinetic properties, such as tissue distribution, rate of metabolism and pharmacological properties, such as pharmacodynamics and toxicology.
Download or read book The Phthalocyanines written by Frank H. Moser and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Fuel Generation written by Yatendra S. Chaudhary and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the search for renewable sources of energy grows more urgent, more and more attention is focusing on the blueprint offered by biological photosynthesis for translating the energy of our Sun into energy rich molecules like H2 and carbohydrates, commonly known as "solar fuels." These solar fuels have enormous potential to store high densities of energy in the form of chemical bonds as well as being transportable. This book offers a complete overview of the promising approaches to solar fuel generation, including the direct pathways of solar H2 generation and CO2 photocatalytic reduction. Solar Fuel Generation is an invaluable tool for graduate students and researchers (especially chemists, physicists, and material scientists) working in this field.
Download or read book Organic Reactions in Water written by U. Marcus Lindstrom and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volatile organic solvents are the normal media used in both research scale and industrial scale synthesis of organic chemicals. Their environmental impact is significant, however, and so the development of alternative reaction media has become of great interest. Developments in the use of water as a solvent for organic synthesis have reached the point where it could now be considered a viable solvent for many organic reactions. Organic Reactions in Water demonstrates the underlying principles of using water as a reaction solvent and, by reference to a range of reaction types and systems, it’s effective use in synthetic organic chemistry. Written by an internationally respected team of contributors, and with a strong focus on the practical use of water as a reaction medium, this book illustrates the enormous potential of water for the development of new and unique chemistries and synthetic strategies, while at the same time offering a much reduced environmental impact.
Download or read book Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry written by Gilbert and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Spectra of Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds written by Hiroaki Isago and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book displays how optical (absorption, emission, and magnetic circular dichroism) spectra of phthalocyanines and related macrocyclic dyes can be varied from their prototypical ones depending on conditions. As these compounds can be involved in colorful chemistry (which might be driven by impurities in solvents), their spectra behave like the sea-god Proteus in their mutability. Therefore, those who have been engaged with phthalocyanines for the first time, including even educated professional researchers and engineers, may have been embarrassed by the deceptive behavior of their compounds and could have, in the worst cases, given up their projects. This book is aimed not merely at reviewing the optical spectra, but also at helping such people, particularly beginners, to figure them out by showing some examples of their prototypical spectra and their variations in several situations. For the purpose of better understanding, the book also provides an introduction to their theoretical backgrounds as graphically as possible and without mathematicization for readers who are weak in mathematics.
Download or read book Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use written by PEDCo Environmental, Inc and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supramolecular Amphiphiles written by Xi Zhang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An amphiphile is a molecule that contains a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part, linked by covalent bonding. Supramolecular amphiphiles (supra-amphiphiles) are amphiphiles linked by non-covalent interactions. As they employ non-covalent interactions, these species demonstrate adaptability and reversibility in conformational transformation, making them one of the most important emerging species in supramolecular chemistry. They have proven important in bridging the gap between molecular architecture and functional assembly. This book is written and edited by the current leaders in the topic and contains a foreword from Professor Jean-Marie Lehn, a father of the supramolecular chemistry field. Bringing together supramolecular chemistry and colloidal and interfacial science, the book provides a detailed and systematic introduction to supramolecular amphiphiles. Chapters explain how to employ non-covalent interactions to fabricate supra-amphiphiles. The book opens with an introduction to the history and development of the field, followed by chapters focussing on each type of interaction, including host-guest interaction, electrostatic interaction, charge-transfer interaction, hydrogen bonding and dynamic covalent bonds. This book will be a valuable resource for students new to this field and experienced researchers wanting to explore the wider context of their work.
