Download or read book Diets of Coyotes Canis Latrans in the Edwards Plateau and Trans Pecos Regions of Texas written by Jerry Harris Glass and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Serologic Survey of Coyotes Canis Latrans for Canine Distemper in the Trans Pecos Region of Texas written by John T. Stone and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Age Distribution and Survival of Coyotes and Gray Foxes in Western Texas written by Cassie Ann Kirk and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The coyote (Canis latrans) is one of the top predators in the state of Texas. They have been able to adapt to urbanization and continue to thrive in the wild. The coyote is also considered a top down keystone species. As such, coyote management can influence how other species are managed. Female coyotes can become sexually mature once they experience their first estrus cycle in the first year of life. Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) occur throughout Texas. Both male and female gray foxes can attain sexual maturity at an early age. Females on average breed for the first time at about 9-10 months of age. A better understanding of the age structure and survival rate of both species, we can better understand how many possible individuals we have that will be in prime breeding age, and how exploitation of the species may be effecting structure of the population. Given that both species are harvested in predator hunts and nuisance animal situations, I wanted to explore age structure and survival of coyotes and gray foxes in western Texas. I collected the lower canine tooth from 378 coyotes from the Panhandle and southwest areas of Texas. I also collected 288 lower canine teeth of gray fox samples from the Edwards Plateau and the Trans Pecos ecoregion. The teeth were processed for cementum annuli to access age for each individual. I then developed age distributions and used these distributions to calculate annual survival rates using a-structured regression. The overall survival of coyotes in Texas was 0.659. For females in total, annual survival was 0.709. Males annual survival was 0.686. The annual survival of all the gray foxes together is 0.650. Females annual survival was 0.647. Male's annual survival was 0.643. The coyote and gray fox are adaptive species and can survive in different habitats and situations. The age structure in both species does suggest that exploitation is changing the age structure towards a younger dominant composition. However, these age structures also suggest that all of the populations I examined have not been over-harvested. Shifting populations to younger age classes can reduce age at maturity and increases litter sizes. Thus, the demographic strategy of these species apparently allows them to be resilient to current exploitation levels in this region.
Download or read book Coyotes in the Southwest written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coyote Canis Latrans Diet in the Blue Range Recovery Area Arizona and New Mexico written by Rogelio Carrera-Trevino and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seasonal Food Habits of Coyotes Canis Latrans in the Central Texas Hill Country written by Matthew Andrés Fischer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canis latrans (coyotes) are a ubiquitous predatory species, and have long received attention from livestock managers and wildlife protection advocates due to their predation on domestic animals, and the increasing occurrence of human-coyote conflicts. Food habit studies aid in the understanding of a predator’s role in their habitat. Through scat analysis, food habits of C. latrans were studied at the Kerr Wildlife Management Area (KWMA) in Hunt, Texas to examine seasonal differences in prey item consumption for individuals inhabiting the central Texas Hill Country region. Scat samples were collected along a 22.05-km route composed of dirt and paved roads every three weeks for one calendar year. Contents of the scat were classified as being from one of nine prey categories (arthropod, bird, boar, carnivora, herpetofauna, lagomorph, ungulate, unknown, or vegetation), and then quantified by counting the prey items. In addition, mass was measured (by prey category) and point-frame analysis for each scat sample was completed to determine relative percent cover. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted, including the variables road type, habitat type, and optimized hotspot analyses. There were significant seasonal differences in percent count, mass and point-frame for carnivora, herpetofauna, lagomorph and vegetation. There were significantly more samples collected on paved roads compared to gravel roads, more collected in ashe juniper/live oak shrubland habitat than other habitats, and more from the southwest corner of the property, compared to other locations. Using this baseline compilation of preferred prey items of C. latrans in the Hill Country, more effective and ecologically-friendly management practices can be developed.
Download or read book Landscape Use and Diet of Coyotes Canis Latrans in the Chicago Metropolitan Area written by Paul Scott Morey and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seasonal Variation in Coyote Canis Latrans Diet at the San Joaquin River San Luis and Merced National Wildlife Refuges written by Kelly Baker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seasonal variation of coyote (Canis latrans) diet was poorly understood in the northern San Joaquin Valley, specifically the coyotes' relative use of native mammals and birds, native plants, and crops. This study revealed microherbivore consumption within the refuge and outlying agricultural areas and some specific relationships between food item occurrences. I examined approximately 360 coyote fecal samples for undigested plant and animal matter to determine if diet varied within four seasonal periods and three locations. I hypothesized that: 1) seasonal use of items varied with seasonal availability, 2) non-seasonal food items were seen year round, 3) and food item use varied between the three sampling locations: the San Joaquin River, Merced, and San Luis National Wildlife Refuges. Scats were collected between May 2013 and March 2014 at three month intervals to create comprehensive sampling units. California voles (Microtus californicus) occurred predominantly in the diet for all seasons and all three refuges, consistent with hypothesis 2. Additionally, leporids (rabbits and hares) were prevalent in the diet. Birds were important at Merced and San Luis, but not San Joaquin River, likely because of a lack of managed wetlands. Hypothesis testing, binary linear regression and multiple binary linear regression, revealed that there was a significant difference between all combinations of locations and the three seasons, and that diet could be used to predict location and season, supporting hypotheses 1 and 3. Other testing revealed relationships between food items, such as the inverse use of tomatoes with California voles, or how the Winter and Spring seasons had similar dietary composition compared to Fall, which has greatest dietary disparity against all seasons. Similarly, the Merced and San Luis refuges had the most similar diets, with noticeable disparity from the San Joaquin River refuge. These results have implications in wildlife management. Specifically, this study revealed crop use by coyotes and how it changes seasonally between the three regions. Furthermore, coyotes consume wild plant matter, which may play a role in seed dispersal. Of greatest note, coyotes ate very little or no livestock between May 2013 and March 2014, which contradicts previous speculations about annual cattle kills caused by coyotes.
Download or read book Analyses of Coyote canis Latrans Consumption of Anthropogenic Material and Dietary Composition in Urban and Non urban Habitats written by Audrey A. Hayes and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coyotes are a generalist species that have adapted to nearly every terrestrial habitat in the United States. The species' success is heavily attributed to their omnivorous diets and tolerance for environments that are regularly disturbed. Because the larger predator species that typically act as apex predators are sensitive to highly fragmented landscapes, the coyote is the functioning apex predator in many ecosystems where large predators, such as wolves, have been extirpated. The coyotes' ecological role in urban ecosystems has received much attention in the last few decades as the species' presence in cities and suburbs has increased, along with human-coyote conflicts. Anthropogenic supplementation, and reliance on anthropogenic food in particular, is regularly cited as the reason for coyotes being in urban areas. However, the inconsistencies reported in the literature indicate that the mechanisms driving coyotes into urban areas may be more complex than coyotes' potential attraction to human food. Coyotes are foragers and scavengers whose diets reflect the seasonal and local availability of food, where prey items that are more abundant are likely to be encountered and consumed more frequently than prey that are hard to find. This is also what makes coyotes so successful in colonizing most types of habitats. The purpose of this study was to investigate how coyotes' consumption of anthropogenic food varies between urban and non-urban habitats and if their consumption of anthropogenic food is selective or just a reflection of its increased availability in urban habitats. I conducted a meta-analysis on coyote dietary studies from 1975 to 2020 to identify trends in anthropogenic consumption and dietary composition in relation to habitat type, geographic region, season, and year of study. I also conducted a field study with scent-baited camera traps and scat analyses to test if coyotes in the Dayton area metroparks were attracted to anthropogenic food to the same degree as natural food, and to test if this attraction differed between urban and rural populations as a potential explanation for the increased prevalence of coyotes in urban areas. The scats were analyzed for [delta]13C and [delta]15N stable isotope ratios so that stable isotope mixing models could be used to estimate urban and rural coyote diet compositions from local prey isotope values. The results from the meta-analysis showed that coyote consumption of anthropogenic food is significantly higher in urban and agricultural habitats when compared to non-urban habitats (p
Download or read book Food Habits of Coyotes Canis Latrans on Barrier Islands written by Keri Snodgrass and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information on all aspects of Texas life is accompanied by advertisements for major retailers, real estate brokers, and vacation areas.
Download or read book Urban Coyote Canis Latrans Ecology written by Rita Collins and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Non-habituated coyotes (Canis latrans) avoid direct interactions with humans. Reliance on human food sources has been linked to gradual habituation, a precursor to conflict and attacks on domestic pets and humans. Diet and activity patterns of urban coyotes inhabiting natural fragments in Long Beach, CA were monitored through scat collection and camera trapping over a year (Aug 2016 – Aug 2017). Local urban coyotes are relying predominately on natural foods, with an increase in mammalian prey in the wet season and an increase in vegetation and insect consumption in the dry season. Anthropogenic items, food and food related inedible items, appeared in 14% of scats overall, with no significant seasonal change. Cat remains were found in 14% of scat samples, but only triggered cameras once throughout the 2,857 camera nights of the study. Coyote activity was centered on nights in both seasons, with greater dawn activity in the dry season, indicating an avoidance of peak human activity. This reliance on natural foods and avoidance of human activity reduces the opportunities for human-wildlife conflicts in our local area.
Download or read book Urbanization and Its Effects on Resource Use and Individual Specialization in Coyotes Canis Latrans in a Southern California written by Rachel Nicole Larson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological opportunity in the form of habitat and food heterogeneity are thought to be important mechanisms in maintaining individual specialization. Urban environments are unique because fragments of natural or semi-natural habitat are embedded within a permeable matrix of human-dominated areas, creating increased habitat heterogeneity compared to the surrounding landscape. In addition, urban areas can provide diet subsidies in the form of human trash and domestic animals, which also increases ecological opportunities. I investigated the degree to which coyotes (Canis latrans) utilized anthropogenic subsidies and exhibited individual specialization across the urban-rural gradient in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, California. I used scat analysis to analyze population-level differences in diet combined with stable isotope analysis to understand diet variation on an individual level. Land use surrounding scat and isotope sample collection sites was also evaluated to determine the effect of urban land cover on diet. Human food constituted a significant portion of urban coyote diet (22% of scats, 38% of diet as estimated by stable isotope analysis). Domestic cats (Felis catus) and non-native fruit and seeds were also important prey items in urban coyote diets. Consumption of anthropogenic items decreased with decreasing urbanization. In suburban areas, seasonality influenced the frequency of occurrence of anthropogenic subsidies with increased consumption in the dry season. Seasonal effects were not seen in urban areas. The amount of altered open space (defined as golf courses, cemeteries, and mowed parks) in a coyote's home range had a negative effect on the consumption of anthropogenic items. Urban coyotes displayed reduced among-individual variation compared to suburban and rural coyotes. It is possible that the core urban areas of cities are so densely developed and subsidized that wildlife inhabiting these areas actually have reduced ecological opportunity. Suburban animals had the broadest isotopic niches and maintained similar individual specialization to rural coyotes. Wildlife in suburban areas still have access to relatively undisturbed natural areas while being able to take advantage of anthropogenic subsidies in neighboring residential areas. Therefore, areas with intermediate urban development may be associated with increased ecological opportunity and specialization.
Download or read book The Mammals of Texas written by David J. Schmidly and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From reviews of previous editions: “This is the standard reference about Texas mammals.” —Wildlife Activist “A must for anyone seriously interested in the wildlife of Texas.” —Texas Outdoor Writers Association News “[This book] easily fills the role of both a field guide and a desk reference, and is written in a style that appeals to the professional biologist and amateur naturalist alike. . . . [It] should prove useful to anyone with an interest in the mammal fauna of Texas or the southern Great Plains.” —Prairie Naturalist The Mammals of Texas has been the standard reference since the first edition was coauthored by William B. Davis and Walter P. Taylor in 1947. Revised several times over the succeeding decades, it remains the most authoritative source of information on the mammalian wildlife of Texas, with physical descriptions and life histories for 202 species, abundant photographs and drawings, and distribution maps. In this new edition, David J. Schmidly is joined by one of the most active researchers on Texas mammals, Robert D. Bradley, to provide a thorough update of the taxonomy, distribution, and natural history of all species of wild mammals that inhabit Texas today. Using the most recent advances in molecular biology and in wildlife ecology and management, the authors include the most current information about the scientific nomenclature, taxonomy, and identification of species, while also covering significant advances in natural history and conservation.
Download or read book The Wild Turkey written by James G. Dickson and published by Stackpole Books. This book was released on 1992 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A National Wild Turkey Federation and U.S. Forest Service book Standard reference for all subspecies Extensive, new information on all aspects of wild turkey ecology and management The standard reference for all subspecies--Eastern, Gould's, Merriam's, Florida and Rio Grande--The Wild Turkey summarizes the new technologies and studies leading to better understanding and management. Synthesizing the work of all current experts, The Wild Turkey presents extensive, new data on restoration techniques; population influences and management; physical characteristics and behavior; habitat use by season, sex, and age; historic and seasonal ranges and habitat types; and nesting ecology. The book is designed to further the already incredible comeback of America's wild turkey.
Download or read book From Clovis to Comanchero written by Jack L. Hofman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cacti written by Park S. Nobel and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2002-07-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There is nothing in the world like this book. It should be in every library and on the bookshelves of all those interested in cacti. The book will be an important resource for plant physiology, agronomy, and horticulture classes at both the undergraduate and graduate level."—Bruce Smith, Brigham Young University "Cacti: Biology and Uses is a landmark publication of one of the world's most unique group of plants. Park Nobel, a leading authority on succulent plants, has assembled a collection of contributions that spans a wide range of issues extending from basic systematics, anatomy, physiology and ecology to considerations of conservation and human uses of this diverse group of plants. This nicely-produced and well-illustrated volume provides a resource that will be of great use to a wide range of scientists, practitioners, and enthusiasts of this plant group."—Harold Mooney, Paul S. Achilles Professor of Environmental Biology, Stanford University
