Download or read book Nursing Diagnoses 2009 2011 Custom written by NANDA International and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-06-11 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A nursing diagnosis is defined as a clinical judgement about individual, family or community responses to actual or potential health problems or life processes which provide the basis for selection of nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable. Accurate and valid nursing diagnoses guide the selection of interventions that are likely to produce the desired treatment effects and determine nurse-sensitive outcomes. Nursing diagnoses are seen as key to the future of evidence-based, professionally-led nursing care – and to more effectively meeting the need of patients and ensuring patient safety. In an era of increasing electronic patient health records standardized nursing terminologies such as NANDA, NIC and NOC provide a means of collecting nursing data that are systematically analyzed within and across healthcare organizations and provide essential data for cost/benefit analysis and clinical audit. 'Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification' is the definitive guide to nursing diagnoses worldwide. Each nursing diagnoses undergoes a rigorous assessment process by NANDA-I with stringent criteria to indicate the strength of the underlying level of evidence. Each diagnosis comprises a label or name for the diagnosis and a definition. Actual diagnoses include defining characteristics and related factors. Risk diagnoses include risk factors. Many diagnoses are further qualified by terms such as effective, ineffective, impaired, imbalanced, readiness for, disturbed, decreased etc. The 2009-2011 edition is arranged by concept according to Taxonomy II domains (i.e. Health promotion, Nutrition, Elimination and Exchange, Activity/Rest, Perception/Cognition, Self-Perception, Role Relationships, Sexuality, Coping/ Stress Tolerance, Life Principles, Safety/Protection, Comfort, Growth/Development). The book contains new chapters on 'Critical judgement and assessment' and 'How to identify appropriate diagnoses' and core references for all nursing diagnoses. A companion website hosts NANDA-I position statements, new PowerPoint slides, and FAQs for students. 2009-2011 edition arranged by concepts New chapters on 'Critical judgement and assessment' and 'How to identify appropriate diagnoses' Core references for new diagnoses and level of evidence for each diagnosis Companion website available

Download or read book Diagnostics infirmiers written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Devenue la référence internationale, la classification des diagnostics infirmiers de Nanda International n'a cessé d'évoluer et de s'enrichir, grâce au travail de nombreux groupes d'infirmier(e)s, d'évaluateurs et des comités de taxinomie. Cette nouvelle édition 2009-2011 offre 21 nouveaux diagnostics et 9 révisions, et introduit de nouvelles rubriques méthodologiques sur la collecte des données et le jugement clinique ainsi que le processus de développement et d'approbation d'un nouveau diagnostic. Elle amorce surtout un changement profond dans l'approche et l'organisation de l'ouvrage : les 201 diagnostics sont désormais distribués par domaines et par classes, tels qu'ils sont définis dans la Taxinomie II. En couverture intérieure et en introduction, un mode d'emploi donne les clés de cette nouvelle présentation. En complément en fin d'ouvrage, un index complet des titres de diagnostics et des concepts diagnostiques permet toujours la recherche alphabétique. Relevant du rôle propre de l'infirmier(e) et contribuant à l'élaboration d'une démarche en soins infirmiers, le diagnostic infirmier permet de fonder un langage commun indispensable à la pratique infirmière. En effet, articulée avec les classifications d'interventions de soins infirmiers et de résultats infirmiers, la classification de Nanda International facilite le choix, en situation de soin, des interventions et des actions adéquats qui devront aboutir à une évaluation des résultats de soins. Chaque diagnostic comprend : - un titre : le problème du patient est énoncé de façon synthétique à l'aide d'un mot ou d'un groupe de mots ; - une définition : elle donne une description claire du diagnostic et le distingue des autres ; - des caractéristiques : ce sont des manifestations cliniques qui précisent des données objectives ou subjectives ; - des facteurs favorisants ou des facteurs de risque : ils correspondent aux causes qui contribuent au développement du problème ou en augmentent le risque d'apparition.

Download or read book Diagnostics infirmiers written by Nanda International, and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cet ouvrage constitue la référence officielle en matière de Diagnostics Infirmiers, publiée par la NANDA (North America Nursing Diagnoses Association). Plus de 500 diagnostics infirmiers y sont recensés, répartis en 13 grands domaines subdivisés eux-mêmes en classes, cet nouvelle organisation remontant à la précédente édition 2009-2011. Pour chaque diagnostic sont proposés : la définition du diagnostic, les caractéristiques, les facteurs favorisants, ainsi que des références bibliographiques. Une substantielle introduction présente les principes d'établissement de la taxonomie et la démarche de soummission/validation des nouveaux diagnostics. Les diagnostics infirmiers sont de plus en plus utilisés pour le raisonnement clinique et la démarche de soins ; leur utilisation fait partie des enseignements du programme, et l'achat d'un ouvrage de diagnostics (entre autres celui-ci) est prescrit aux étudiants en IFSI dès la 1re année. Cette nouvelle édition 2012-2014 propose 16 nouveaux diagnostics et 8 diagnostics révisés. Elle s'enrichit d'une nouvelle partie de près de 100 pages sur l'éducation aux diagnostics et leur mise en oeuvre dans la pratique, l'administration hospitalière ou encore les systèmes d'information électroniques (Dossier Médical Informatisé).

Download or read book Nursing Diagnosis Handbook E Book written by Betty J. Ackley and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-02-18 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use this convenient resource to formulate nursing diagnoses and create individualized care plans! Updated with the most recent NANDA-I approved nursing diagnoses, Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care, 9th Edition shows you how to build customized care plans using a three-step process: assess, diagnose, and plan care. It includes suggested nursing diagnoses for over 1,300 client symptoms, medical and psychiatric diagnoses, diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and clinical states. Authors Elizabeth Ackley and Gail Ladwig use Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) information to guide you in creating care plans that include desired outcomes, interventions, patient teaching, and evidence-based rationales. Promotes evidence-based interventions and rationales by including recent or classic research that supports the use of each intervention. Unique! Provides care plans for every NANDA-I approved nursing diagnosis. Includes step-by-step instructions on how to use the Guide to Nursing Diagnoses and Guide to Planning Care sections to create a unique, individualized plan of care. Includes pediatric, geriatric, multicultural, and home care interventions as necessary for plans of care. Includes examples of and suggested NIC interventions and NOC outcomes in each care plan. Allows quick access to specific symptoms and nursing diagnoses with alphabetical thumb tabs. Unique! Includes a Care Plan Constructor on the companion Evolve website for hands-on practice in creating customized plans of care. Includes the new 2009-2011 NANDA-I approved nursing diagnoses including 21 new and 8 revised diagnoses. Illustrates the Problem-Etiology-Symptom format with an easy-to-follow, colored-coded box to help you in formulating diagnostic statements. Explains the difference between the three types of nursing diagnoses. Expands information explaining the difference between actual and potential problems in performing an assessment. Adds detailed information on the multidisciplinary and collaborative aspect of nursing and how it affects care planning. Shows how care planning is used in everyday nursing practice to provide effective nursing care.

Download or read book Mosby s Guide to Nursing Diagnosis E Book written by Gail B. Ladwig and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-03-11 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pocket-sized reference is ideal for use in clinicals, in class, and at the bedside! A condensed version of the Nursing Diagnosis Handbook, 9th Edition, Mosby's Guide to Nursing Diagnosis uses a quick-access format to help students make nursing diagnoses and write care plans with confidence and ease. It includes the most recent NANDA-I approved nursing diagnoses, suggested nursing diagnoses for over 1,300 client symptoms, and a guide to creating care plans including desired outcomes, interventions, and patient teaching. Unique! Provides care plans for every NANDA-I approved nursing diagnosis. Allows quick access to specific symptoms and nursing diagnoses with alphabetical thumb tabs. Includes pediatric, geriatric, multicultural, and home care interventions as necessary for plans of care, with home care and client/family teaching guidelines for each condition. A pocket size makes this book easy to carry and use in clinicals, in class, or at the bedside. Unique! Includes the new 2009-2011 NANDA-I approved nursing diagnoses including 21 new and 9 revised diagnoses.

Download or read book Diagnostics infirmiers 2021 2023 written by NANDA NANDA International and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le guide par excellence des diagnostics infirmiers des expert(e)s de NANDA-I dans une nouvelle édition mise à jour Entièrement mise à jour et révisée par les éditrices T. Heather Herdman, Shigemi Kamitsuru et Camila Takáo Lopes, la 12e édition de Diagnostics infirmiers de NANDA-International : définitions et classification 2021-2023 est le guide complet des diagnostics infirmiers, tel qu’il a été révisé et approuvé par le Comité de développement des diagnostics (CDD) de NANDA International (NANDA-I). Dans la nouvelle édition de cet ouvrage de référence, les éditrices ont révisé tous les chapitres d’introduction, fournissant les renseignements essentiels dont les infirmier(e)s ont besoin pour comprendre l’évaluation infirmière, son lien avec le diagnostic infirmier et le raisonnement clinique, ainsi que l’objectif et l’utilisation de la structure taxonomique pour les infirmier(e)s au chevet du patient. Les chercheur(e)s trouveront également de nouvelles recommandations pour améliorer la terminologie. Principales mises à jour 46 nouveaux diagnostics infirmiers et 67 diagnostics révisés la modification de 17 titres de diagnostics infirmiers, pour garantir qu’ils soient conformes à la littérature actuelle et reflètent bien une réaction humaine une amélioration de la grande majorité des facteurs favorisants/de risque des diagnostics infirmiers la standardisation des termes des indicateurs diagnostiques (caractéristiques, facteurs favorisants, facteurs de risque) pour clarifier davantage la situation pour les étudiant(e)s et les clinicien(ne)s la codification de tous ces termes pour ceux (celles) qui utilisent des versions électroniques de la terminologie un nouveau chapitre concernant les critères déterminant le niveau de preuve pour la soumission d’un diagnostic infirmier Rigoureusement mise à jour et révisée, la nouvelle édition de cet ouvrage reconnu est une ressource incontournable pour tous(tes) les étudiant(e)s infirmier(e)s, les infirmier(e)s, professionnel(le)s, les cadres formateurs, les infirmier(e)s informaticien(ne)s, les chercheur(e)s en soins infirmiers et les directeur(trice)s de soins.

Download or read book Handbook of Nursing Diagnosis written by Lynda Juall Carpenito and published by Lippincott. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by the foremost authority on NANDA diagnoses, this best-selling handbook is a quick reference to nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems. The book is organized for speedy reference and uses a two-part format: Nursing Diagnoses and Diagnostic Clusters with a collaborative focus. This edition has been revised to incorporate the 2009/2011 NANDA-approved nursing diagnoses. Every NANDA diagnosis includes listings of associated Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) and Nursing Outcomes Classifications (NOC). Other features include Author's Notes sections and icons highlighting considerations for special populations. A laminated card groups common diagnoses by functional health patterns.

Download or read book Nursing Diagnosis Handbook written by Betty J. Ackley and published by Mosby Incorporated. This book was released on 2010 with total page 931 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use this convenient resource to formulate nursing diagnoses and create individualized care plans! Updated with the most recent NANDA-I approved nursing diagnoses, Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care, 9th Edition shows you how to build customized care plans using a three-step process: assess, diagnose, and plan care. It includes suggested nursing diagnoses for over 1,300 client symptoms, medical and psychiatric diagnoses, diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and clinical states. Authors Elizabeth Ackley and Gail Ladwig use Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) information to guide you in creating care plans that include desired outcomes, interventions, patient teaching, and evidence-based rationales. Promotes evidence-based interventions and rationales by including recent or classic research that supports the use of each intervention. Unique! Provides care plans for every NANDA-I approved nursing diagnosis. Includes step-by-step instructions on how to use the Guide to Nursing Diagnoses and Guide to Planning Care sections to create a unique, individualized plan of care. Includes pediatric, geriatric, multicultural, and home care interventions as necessary for plans of care. Includes examples of and suggested NIC interventions and NOC outcomes in each care plan. Allows quick access to specific symptoms and nursing diagnoses with alphabetical thumb tabs. Unique! Includes a Care Plan Constructor on the companion Evolve website for hands-on practice in creating customized plans of care. Includes the new 2009-2011 NANDA-I approved nursing diagnoses including 21 new and 8 revised diagnoses. Illustrates the Problem-Etiology-Symptom format with an easy-to-follow, colored-coded box to help you in formulating diagnostic statements. Explains the difference between the three types of nursing diagnoses. Expands information explaining the difference between actual and potential problems in performing an assessment. Adds detailed information on the multidisciplinary and collaborative aspect of nursing and how it affects care planning. Shows how care planning is used in everyday nursing practice to provide effective nursing care.

Download or read book Sparks Taylor s Nursing Diagnosis Reference Manual written by Sheila Sparks Ralph and published by LWW. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sparks and Taylor's Nursing Diagnosis Reference Manual, Eighth Edition provides clearly written, authoritative care plan guidelines for all 2009-2011 NANDA International (NANDA-I) approved nursing diagnoses. The book is newly designed with bright colors, and organized by life-stages and type of care. Each Part opens with a new feature, Applying Evidence-Based Practice, which responds directly to the content. Each NANDA diagnosis includes associated Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) and Nursing Outcomes Classifications (NOC), and the nursing process is integrated throughout. This book is the ideal resource for any clinical setting.

Download or read book Diagnostics infirmiers written by Colette Barrios and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning E Book written by Elizabeth M. Varcarolis and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 771 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pocket-sized clinical companion, Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning, 5th Edition supplies you with the latest diagnostic information available, including the DSM-5, for accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. It offers quick and easy access to plans of care for a range of settings including the inpatient unit, home care, or community mental health setting. Expert author Elizabeth Varcarolis, provides a clinically-based focus with the latest guidelines to psychiatric nursing care. Designed to accompany Foundations of Mental Health Nursing, this book is a perfect reference for creating care plans and for clinical use. The latest diagnoses, assessment and treatment strategies, and psychotropic drug information keep you up-to-date with the most current information. Care plans containing nursing diagnosis, etiology, assessment findings/diagnostic cues, outcome criteria, long- and short-term goals, and interventions and rationales offer plans of care for a wide range of psychiatric nursing diagnoses. A focus on clinical information furnishes you with information on providing patient care in a range of settings. Assessment Guides, including tables, charts, and questionnaires facilitate patient diagnosis and care. A chapter on Major Psychotropic Interventions and Patient and Family Teaching, in addition to the content found in each disorder chapter, helps you better understand the uses and workings of the psychotropic agents. Coverage of major disorders exposes you to a wide range of disorders within psychiatric nursing. The latest diagnostic information includes the DSM-5 taxonomy (due to publish May 2013) with diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, to enable accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. Current psychiatric nursing guidelines are based on ANA's 2007 Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. Updated 2009-2011 NANDA-I nursing diagnoses assist with accurate diagnoses by including the latest nursing diagnoses related to psychiatric nursing. Updated drug information includes the latest on medications used with psychiatric patients, for optimal drug therapy.

Download or read book Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning E Book written by Elizabeth M. Varcarolis and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-02-22 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pocket-sized clinical companion, Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning, 4th Edition helps you assess psychiatric nursing clients, formulate nursing diagnoses, and design psychiatric nursing care plans. It offers quick and easy access to information on care in a range of settings including the inpatient unit, home care, or community mental health setting. Expert author Elizabeth M. Varcarolis, RN, MA, provides a clinically based focus with the latest guidelines to psychiatric nursing care. Designed to accompany Foundations of Mental Health Nursing, this book is a perfect reference for creating care plans and for clinical use. Current coverage includes the latest diagnoses, assessment and treatment strategies, and psychotropic drug information relevant to nursing care of patients with psychiatric disorders. Clinically based information helps you provide patient care in a range of environments including the inpatient unit, community mental health setting, or home care setting. Coverage of all major disorders includes those commonly encountered in a clinical setting. A consistent format for each care plan includes a nursing diagnosis, etiology, assessment findings/diagnostic cues, outcome criteria, long-term goals, short-term goals, and interventions and rationales. Assessment tools such as tables, charts, and questionnaires are provided in an appendix for quick reference. A Major Psychotropic Interventions and Client and Family Teaching chapter describes the uses and workings of psychotropic agents. The latest diagnostic information includes the DSM-IV-TR taxonomy with diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, to enable accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. Current psychiatric nursing guidelines are based on ANA's 2007 Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. Updated 2009-2011 NANDA-I nursing diagnoses assist with accurate diagnoses by including the latest nursing diagnoses related to psychiatric nursing. Updated drug information includes the latest on medications used with psychiatric patients, for optimal drug therapy.

Download or read book Nursing Diagnosis written by Lynda Juall Carpenito and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2013 with total page 998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Thirteenth Edition of Nursing Diagnosis: Application to Clinical Practice is a classic text that is revised to incorporate the 2009/2011 NANDA-approved nursing diagnoses, offer definitive guidance on key elements of nursing diagnosis and its application to clinical practice. Section One thoroughly explains the role of nursing diagnosis in the nursing process and in care planning. Section Two, a comprehensive A-to-Z guide to current nursing diagnoses, has been reorganized into four parts: Individual Nursing Diagnoses, Family/Home Nursing Diagnoses, Community Nursing Diagnoses, and Health Promotion/Wellness Nursing Diagnoses. Section Three focuses on collaborative problems. Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) and Nursing Outcomes Classifications (NOC) are listed for every NANDA diagnosis. An appendix shows current NANDA diagnoses grouped under functional health patterns.

Download or read book Diagnostics Infirmiers written by Marilynn E. Doenges and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 1158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Approfondissez vos connaissances en diagnostic infirmier grâce à Diagnostics infirmiers - Interventions et justifications. Ce guide constitue un outil qui facilitera l'enseignement et l'application de la démarche de soins, et la rédaction du plan de soins infirmiers. Il pourra également contribuer à l'amélioration de la qualité des soins donnés à la personne et à ses proches dans différents contextes. La 7e édition de Diagnostics infirmiers est complètement actualisée. Ce guide pratique inclut les diagnostics infirmiers acceptés par NANDA-I dans sa plus récente édition 2012-2014. Diagnostics infirmiers utilise donc les notions les plus modernes et pertinentes en la matière afin que les pratiques de l'infirmière soient aussi à jour que possible. Pour plus de flexibilité, la liste des diagnostics infirmiers est présentée dans l'ordre alphabétique au début de l'ouvrage, puis par modes fonctionnels de santé de Gordon à la toute fin."--Site Web de l'éditeur.

Download or read book Guide pratique des diagnostics infirmiers written by Mi Ja Kim and published by Boucherville, Québec : G. Morin. This book was released on 1991 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning written by Elizabeth M Varcarolis, R.N., M.A. and published by W B Saunders Company. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a Pageburst digital textbook; A pocket-sized clinical companion, Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning, 4th Edition helps you assess psychiatric nursing clients, formulate nursing diagnoses, and design psychiatric nursing care plans. It offers quick and easy access to information on care in a range of settings including the inpatient unit, home care, or community mental health setting. Expert author Elizabeth M. Varcarolis, RN, MA, provides a clinically based focus with the latest guidelines to psychiatric nursing care. Designed to accompany Foundations of Mental Health Nursing, this book is a perfect reference for creating care plans and for clinical use. Current coverage includes the latest diagnoses, assessment and treatment strategies, and psychotropic drug information relevant to nursing care of patients with psychiatric disorders. Clinically based information helps you provide patient care in a range of environments including the inpatient unit, community mental health setting, or home care setting. Coverage of all major disorders includes those commonly encountered in a clinical setting. A consistent format for each care plan includes a nursing diagnosis, etiology, assessment findings/diagnostic cues, outcome criteria, long-term goals, short-term goals, and interventions and rationales. Assessment tools such as tables, charts, and questionnaires are provided in an appendix for quick reference. A Major Psychotropic Interventions and Client and Family Teaching chapter describes the uses and workings of psychotropic agents. The latest diagnostic information includes the DSM-IV-TR taxonomy with diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, to enable accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. Current psychiatric nursing guidelines are based on ANA's 2007 Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. Updated 2009-2011 NANDA-I nursing diagnoses assist with accurate diagnoses by including the latest nursing diagnoses related to psychiatric nursing. Updated drug information includes the latest on medications used with psychiatric patients, for optimal drug therapy.

Download or read book Nursing Diagnoses 2015 17 written by NANDA International and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification is the definitive guide to nursing diagnoses, as reviewed and approved by NANDA-I. The 2015–2017 edition of the classic and internationally recognised text has been rigorously updated and revised, and now provides more linguistically congruent diagnoses as a result of the Diagnostic Development Committee’s attentiveness to understanding the translation of the diagnostic label, definition, defining characteristics, related factors, and risk factors. Each of the 235 diagnoses presented are supported by definitions as well as defining characteristics and related factors, or risk factors. Each new and revised diagnosis is based on the latest global evidence, and approved by expert nurse diagnosticians, researchers, and educators. New to this edition: 26 brand new nursing diagnoses and 13 revised diagnoses Updates, changes, and revision to the vast majority of the nursing diagnosis definitions, in particular the Health Promotion and Risk Diagnoses A standardization of diagnostic indicator terms (defining characteristics, related factors, and risk factors) to further aid clarity for readers and clinicians All introductory chapters are written at an undergraduate nursing level, and provide critical information needed for nurses to understand assessment, its link to diagnosis, and the purpose and use of taxonomic structure for the nurse at the bedside A new chapter, focusing on Frequently Asked Questions, representing the most common questions received through the NANDA-I website, and at global conferences Five nursing diagnoses have been re-slotted within the NANDA-I taxonomy, following a review of the current taxonomic structure Coding of all diagnostic indicator terms is now available for those using electronic versions of the terminology Companion website featuring references from the book, video presentations, teaching tips, and links to taxonomy history and diagnosis submission/review process description www.wiley.com/go/nursingdiagnoses