Download or read book Development of Safety Performance Functions for Non motorized Traffic Safety written by Hamidreza Ahady Dolatsara and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the factors which affect the safety of non-motorized transportation within the influence area of intersections to enhance development of safety performance functions. The scope of this study is limited to the four Michigan cities of Ann Arbor, East Lansing, Flint and Grand Rapids. Due to the current lack of research regarding the appropriate size of the influence area, this study investigates the distance of crashes relative to the center of 148 intersections to identify the most probable area of influence for different crash types. For motorized and non-motorized crashes, 240 ft. and 137 ft. are proposed, respectively. The proposed area of influence is adopted for developing the SPFs. Crash data from 2008 to 2012 and geometric and exposure characteristics of the intersections are investigated to develop the SPFs. Results of the pedestrian SPF reveal that increased exposure, more left turn lanes, presence of on-street parking, and bus stops at the intersections increase pedestrian crash frequency, while presence of speed signs decrease the number of pedestrian crashes. Results of the bike SPF demonstrate that exposure, presence of bicycle lanes, presence of bus stops and the number of left turn lanes at intersections are positively associated with bicycle crashes. A structural equation model is developed to decipher complex interrelationships among the variables affecting bike crash frequency. Results show that although the presence of bicycle lanes is significant in increasing bicycle crash frequency, bike lanes are correlated with bicycle volume, thus bicycle lanes do not endanger bicycle safety.
Download or read book Development of Performance Measures for Non motorized Dynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report recommends performance measures for non-motorized (pedestrian and bicyclists) traffic safety for Michigan cities. Based on the data collected from four Michigan cities, Ann Arbor, East Lansing, Flint, and Grand Rapids, the research team analyzed non-motorized safety at three levels (city level, census tract level, and corridor level). The census tract-level analysis revealed that the number of access points, higher population with lower education, and higher exposure measures tended to increase non-motorized crashes. Through detailed corridor-level analyses, safety performance functions (SPF) for intersections and mid-blocks were developed. The intersection SPFs showed that higher average daily traffic (ADT), more number of bars, less number of lanes on minor approaches were associated with higher pedestrian crashes while intersections with right turn lane and bus stops exhibited relatively high number of bicycle crashes. Midblock SPFs also revealed that ADT, the number of access points, and the number of bus stops were factors leading to more non-motorized crashes. This research also presents results of before-and-after studies for non-motorized improvements and how performance measures are used when determining countermeasures.
Download or read book Regression Analysis of Count Data written by Adrian Colin Cameron and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date account of regression methods to explain the frequency of events.
Download or read book Roadside Design Guide written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Safety Culture in Preventing Commercial Motor Vehicle Crashes written by Jeffrey Short and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2007 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 14: The Role of Safety Culture in Preventing Commercial Motor Vehicle Crashes explores practices on developing and enhancing a culture of safety among commercial motor vehicle drivers. The report also examines suggested steps for increasing a safety culture through a series of best practices.
Download or read book Two Level Approach to Safety Planning Incorporating the Highway Safety Manual HSM Network Screening written by Mohamed A. Abdel-Aty and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared to microscopic safety studies, macroscopic-focused research is more efficient at integrating zonal-level features into crash prediction models and identifying hot zones. However, macroscopic screening has accuracy limitations. Thus, this study developed a new integrated screening approach to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of current screening techniques and to achieve a balance between efforts towards accuracy and efficiency. For conducting macro level safety analyses, the research team faced several challenges. First, using current Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs) as basic geographic units caused a high percentage of boundary crashes. The research team used regionalization to develop a new study unit: Traffic Safety Analysis Zones (TSAZs) systems. Approximately 10% of boundary crashes have been integrated in new zones after the regionalization but more than 60% of crashes still occur on the boundary of TSAZs. Hence, a nested structure was proposed to estimate safety performance models separately for boundary and interior crashes. This nested structure allows different contributing factors for different crash types, so this model can provide more accurate and predictable results than a single model. In addition, a Bayesian Poisson Lognormal Spatial Error Model (BPLSEM) was adopted for the Safety Performance Function (SPF) analysis. The BPLSEM contains a spatial error term that control for the spatial autocorrelation of crash data. As for the micro level analysis, the research team developed SPFs based on the major function classes of roads in the study area. The research team still used the Full Bayesian Poisson Lognormal models to predict crash frequency but tried four different variable combinations to identify the best model. After identifying hot spot areas at the macro- and microscopic levels, the research team integrated these macroscopic and microscopic screening results. However, this integration task was challenging because of the necessity to (1) combine various SPFs from different scales, areas, and roadway types; (2) determine an appropriate weight for each group; and (3) choose a measurement for the final results. In order to solve the above mentioned problems, this study then developed a new criterion to identify whether a zone has safety issues at the macro- and/or microscopic levels. All TSAZs were classified into twelve categories that included two scale groups (macro or micro) and four safety levels (hot, normal, cold, or no data). Then, the research team defined weights for different scales and roadway types. At the macroscopic level, TSAZs were ranked by their zonal Potential for Safety Improvements (PSIs); at the microscopic level, the calculation of average PSI was more complicated because each TSAZ had several intersections and segments. Both the intersection and segment PSI ranks were averaged. The PSI is used in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) for network screening but it is the first time that it is used for zonal screening. TSAZs with top 10% PSIs were categorized as “Hot” zones. Finally, the percentile ranks of the PSIs were used in the integration (instead of the original PSIs) because the units of PSI intersections and PSI segments were different. In summary, this study presents an integrated screening method that can be used to overcome the shortcomings of macro- and micro-level approaches. In particular, the results provide a comprehensive perspective on appropriate safety treatments by balancing the accuracy and efficiency of screening. Also, it is recommended that different strategies for each hot zone classification be developed because each category has distinctive traffic safety risks at each of the different levels.
Download or read book Roundabouts written by Lee August Rodegerdts and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.
Download or read book Development of Highway Safety Performance Functions Crash Reduction Factors and Optimization Models for State level Safety Project Programming and Selection written by H. Patel and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Safety Performance Functions for Intersections in Virginia written by Griselle Rivera and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling written by Dominique Lord and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-27 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling comprehensively covers the key elements needed to make effective transportation engineering and policy decisions based on highway safety data analysis in a single. reference. The book includes all aspects of the decision-making process, from collecting and assembling data to developing models and evaluating analysis results. It discusses the challenges of working with crash and naturalistic data, identifies problems and proposes well-researched methods to solve them. Finally, the book examines the nuances associated with safety data analysis and shows how to best use the information to develop countermeasures, policies, and programs to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic crashes. Complements the Highway Safety Manual by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Provides examples and case studies for most models and methods Includes learning aids such as online data, examples and solutions to problems
Download or read book Development of Safety Performance Functions for Multilane Highway and Freeway Segments Maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation written by Young-Jun Kweon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) adopted the software Safety Analyst as its highway safety management tool in 2009. One of the requirements for implementation of Safety Analyst is to have appropriate safety performance functions (SPFs) reflecting Virginia conditions. The purpose of this study was to develop such SPFs for multilane highway and freeway segments that could replace Safety Analyst's default SPFs. Five years (2004-2008) of data collected from 20,235 multilane highway segments and 2,905 directional freeway segments in Virginia were used in the development of the SPFs. Statewide SPFs were developed for 4 subtypes of multilane highway segments and 10 subtypes of freeway segments. VDOT district-group SPFs were developed for 4 subtypes of multilane highway segments. The default SPFs in Safety Analyst were found to be different than the developed Virginia SPFs with respect to their curve shapes, and, as a result, adjusting the default SPFs to Virginia conditions by calibration factors resulted in inaccurate crash predictions at low and high volumes of annual average daily traffic. Thus, the Virginia-specific statewide SPFs developed in this study should be used when implementing Safety Analyst in Virginia. Although the shapes of the multilane highway segment SPFs were found to vary across VDOT districts, incorporating variations through the creation of new subtypes was found to be inappropriate for the current version of Safety Analyst. As a consequence, district-group SPFs for the multilane highway segments cannot be implemented in Safety Analyst. However, all SPFs developed in this study, including district group SPFs, can be implemented without the use of Safety Analyst. Therefore, use of the statewide SPFs developed in this study is recommended when Safety Analyst can be used and use of the statewide or district-group SPFs developed in this study is recommended when implementation of Safety Analyst is not feasible.
Download or read book Traffic Safety Culture written by Nicholas John Ward and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides traffic safety researchers and practitioners with an international and multi-disciplinary compendium of theoretical and methodological concepts relevant to the research and application of Traffic Safety Culture aiming towards a vision of zero traffic fatalities.
Download or read book Pedestrian Facilities Users Guide Providing Safety and Mobility written by Charles V. Zegeer and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide is intended to provide information on how to identify safety and mobility needs for pedestrians with the roadway right-of-way. Useful for engineers, planners, safety professionals and decision-makers, the guide covers such topics as: the Walking Environment including sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, roadway lighting and pedestrian over and under passes; Roadway Design including bicycle lanes, roadway narrowing, reducing the number of lanes, one-way/two-way streets, right-turn slip lanes and raised medians; Intersections with roundabouts, T-intersections and median barriers; and Traffic calming designs.
Download or read book Development of Highway Safety Performance Functions Using Indiana Data written by Siddharth Gokhale and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue Long Term Health and Highway Safety written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are approximately 4,000 fatalities in crashes involving trucks and buses in the United States each year. Though estimates are wide-ranging, possibly 10 to 20 percent of these crashes might have involved fatigued drivers. The stresses associated with their particular jobs (irregular schedules, etc.) and the lifestyle that many truck and bus drivers lead, puts them at substantial risk for insufficient sleep and for developing short- and long-term health problems. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health and Highway Safety assesses the state of knowledge about the relationship of such factors as hours of driving, hours on duty, and periods of rest to the fatigue experienced by truck and bus drivers while driving and the implications for the safe operation of their vehicles. This report evaluates the relationship of these factors to drivers' health over the longer term, and identifies improvements in data and research methods that can lead to better understanding in both areas.
Download or read book Traffic Safety written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Median Cross section Design for Rural Divided Highways written by Jerry L. Graham (Verkehrsingenieur.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 794: Median Cross-Section Design for Rural Divided Highways provides guidelines for designing typical cross-sections for medians on new and existing rural freeways and divided highways."--Publisher's description.
