Download or read book Development of Offshore Wind Operational Expenditure Model and Investigation of Optimum Operation and Maintenance Fleet written by Yalcin Dalgic and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore wind turbine technology is moving forward as an alternative to the fossil fuelled power production. However, there are a number of challenges in further offshore areas; wind turbines are subject to loads that are not often experienced onshore and more importantly challenging wind and wave conditions limit the operability and accessibility of the vessels needed to access offshore wind farms. Therefore, operating further from shore increases the logistic challenges of offshore wind operation and maintenance (O&M) activities. In contrast with the prospects, operational expenditure (OPEX) of the offshore wind farms has been increasing, reflecting greater risk for potential investors and current operators. As the power generation capacity improves constantly, advanced logistics planning of O&M activities, which supports the developers in achieving reduced downtime, optimised availability and maximised revenue, has gained vital importance. In order to sustain the competitiveness of the offshore wind industry against other renewable energy sources, the cost of offshore wind needs to come down to today's onshore cost. This cost reduction target can be achieved through improving the offshore related operations, which contribute the most to the OPEX of the offshore wind farms. Available vessels in the market and the variety of benefits & drawbacks of different vessel chartering strategies have to be considered in the O&M planning. In this research, an offshore wind operation and maintenance expenditure model has been developed. A time domain Monte-Carlo simulation approach is implemented, which includes analyses of environmental conditions (wind speed, wave height, and wave period), operational analyses of transportation systems, investigation of failures (type and frequency), and simulation of repairs. The model enables the quantification of the influence of cost drivers and provide an improved understanding about the key aspects associated with the operational decisions. The results of this research can assist offshore wind farm operators in developing midterm/long-term O&M plans. Through this extensive study, it is concluded that O&M related costs can be reduced significantly while availability and productivity of the turbines can be increased by selecting correct O&M fleet in terms of size and vessel capabilities.
Download or read book Modelling Offshore Wind Farm Operation and Maintenance written by Xi Yu and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wind turbine is of course far more complicated than just a tower topped with a big fan, especially for the offshore ones. Wind energy as a green energy resource with zero fuel requirements, and thus no processing waste, has been assuming an increasingly important role in energy generation. Offshore wind farms with their steady output and low sensual impact have been gradually accepted by the public and authorities. Once built, the only cost for a wind farm is the operation and maintenance cost. Therefore, the question of how to reduce the failure rate and the operation and maintenance costs, and make offshore wind energy cheaper, is particularly pertinent, and is discussed in great detail here. This book details the various aspects of wind energy, and is accessible to the lay reader without any specialist knowledge. It explores the numerous concepts associated with offshore wind farm operation and maintenance with condition monitoring system, and vividly presents the the basics of wind energy, augmenting this with a large amount of valuable real wind farm case studies.
Download or read book Offshore Wind Energy Technology written by Olimpo Anaya-Lara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE TO THE MOST RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN OFFSHORE WIND TECHNOLOGY Offshore Wind Energy Technology offers a reference based on the research material developed by the acclaimed Norwegian Research Centre for Offshore Wind Technology (NOWITECH) and material developed by the expert authors over the last 20 years. This comprehensive text covers critical topics such as wind energy conversion systems technology, control systems, grid connection and system integration, and novel structures including bottom-fixed and floating. The text also reviews the most current operation and maintenance strategies as well as technologies and design tools for novel offshore wind energy concepts. The text contains a wealth of mathematical derivations, tables, graphs, worked examples, and illustrative case studies. Authoritative and accessible, Offshore Wind Energy Technology: Contains coverage of electricity markets for offshore wind energy and then discusses the challenges posed by the cost and limited opportunities Discusses novel offshore wind turbine structures and floaters Features an analysis of the stochastic dynamics of offshore/marine structures Describes the logistics of planning, designing, building, and connecting an offshore wind farm Written for students and professionals in the field, Offshore Wind Energy Technology is a definitive resource that reviews all facets of offshore wind energy technology and grid connection.
Download or read book Modelling Offshore Wind Farm Operation and Maintenance with View to Estimating the Benefits of Condition Monitoring written by Yu, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore wind energy is progressing rapidly and playing an increasingly important role in electricity generation. Since the Kyoto Protocol in February 2005, Europe has been substantially increasing its installed wind capacity. Compared to onshore wind, offshore wind allows the installation of larger turbines, more extensive sites, and encounters higher wind speed with lower turbulence. On the other hand, harsh marine conditions and the limited access to the turbines are expected to increase the cost of operation and maintenance (O&M costs presently make up approximately 20-25% of the levelised total lifetime cost of a wind turbine). Efficient condition monitoring has the potential to reduce O&M costs. In the analysis of the cost effectiveness of condition monitoring, cost and operational data are crucial. Regrettably, wind farm operational data are generally kept confidential by manufacturers and wind farm operators, especially for the offshore ones.To facilitate progress, this thesis has investigated accessible SCADA and failure data from a large onshore wind farm and created a series of indirect analysis methods to overcome the data shortage including an onshore/offshore failure rate translator and a series of methods to distinguish yawing errors from wind turbine nacelle direction sensor errors. Wind turbine component reliability has been investigated by using this innovative component failure rate translation from onshore to offshore, and applies the translation technique to Failure Mode and Effect Analysis for offshore wind. An existing O&M cost model has been further developed and then compared to other available cost models. It is demonstrated that the improvements made to the model (including the data translation approach) have improved the applicability and reliability of the model. The extended cost model (called StraPCost+) has been used to establish a relationship between the effectiveness of reactive and condition-based maintenance strategies. The benchmarked cost model has then been applied to assess the O&M cost effectiveness for three offshore wind farms at different operational phases.Apart from the innovative methodologies developed, this thesis also provides detailed background and understanding of the state of the art for offshore wind technology, condition monitoring technology. The methodology of cost model developed in this thesis is presented in detail and compared with other cost models in both commercial and research domains.
Download or read book Modelling Offshore Wind Farm Operation and Maintenance written by XI. YU and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wind turbine is of course far more complicated than just a tower topped with a big fan, especially for the offshore ones. Wind energy as a green energy resource with zero fuel requirements, and thus no processing waste, has been assuming an increasingly important role in energy generation. Offshore wind farms with their steady output and low sensual impact have been gradually accepted by the public and authorities. Once built, the only cost for a wind farm is the operation and maintenance cost. Therefore, the question of how to reduce the failure rate and the operation and maintenance costs, and make offshore wind energy cheaper, is particularly pertinent, and is discussed in great detail here. This book details the various aspects of wind energy, and is accessible to the lay reader without any specialist knowledge. It explores the numerous concepts associated with offshore wind farm operation and maintenance with condition monitoring system, and vividly presents the the basics of wind energy, augmenting this with a large amount of valuable real wind farm case studies.
Download or read book Modelling the Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Wind Farms written by Iain Dinwoodie and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are ambitious plans for renewable energy sources to provide a significant contribution to the future energy mix. The huge potential capacity and relative maturity compared to other offshore technologies has resulted in a strong commercial focus on offshore wind, particularly in Europe. However, costs of offshore wind remain significantly higher than conventional generation approaches as well as onshore wind. Reducing the cost associated with operations and maintenance of offshore wind remains a key challenge in decreasing lifetime cost of energy and achieving cost parity with alternative generation technologies. The combination of nascent turbine and infrastructure design, moving into more challenging sea state and wind environments and the highly commercial nature of the industry has prevented the maintenance costs of offshore wind being adequately reduced through early operating experience alone. In order to accelerate the reduction of costs and critically to understand the uncertainty associated with future sites and novel operating strategies, it is necessary to simulate maintenance operations. This thesis has developed an offshore wind operations and maintenance expenditure model and specified a decision support methodology for this purpose. The models enable the quantification of the influence of cost drivers for current and future offshore wind farms and provide an improved understanding of the uncertainty associated with operating decisions. Using the developed models, a detailed sensitivity analysis of the influence on lifetime costs from operational climate, failure behaviour, wind farm configuration and external cost drivers has been carried out to provide new insights on the industry. Operational climate and failure behaviour are identified as the critical cost drivers and sources of uncertainty currently. In addition, a detailed analysis of operational strategies for major repairs that involve the use of high cost, specialist vessels has been carried out for the first time, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of different strategies. Finally, a case study demonstrating how decision support models can be used to determine the optimal strategy choices for operators and reduce uncertainty has been performed. The analysis in this thesis provides new insights on the industry and the developed methodologies have the potential to deliver significant financial savings in the future.
Download or read book Wind Energy Handbook written by Tony Burton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-13 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Named as one of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles of 2012 Every year, Choice subject editors recognise the most significant print and electronic works reviewed in Choice during the previous calendar year. Appearing annually in Choice's January issue, this prestigious list of publications reflects the best in scholarly titles and attracts extraordinary attention from the academic library community. The authoritative reference on wind energy, now fully revised and updated to include offshore wind power A decade on from its first release, the Wind Energy Handbook, Second Edition, reflects the advances in technology underpinning the continued expansion of the global wind power sector. Harnessing their collective industrial and academic expertise, the authors provide a comprehensive introduction to wind turbine design and wind farm planning for onshore and offshore wind-powered electricity generation. The major change since the first edition is the addition of a new chapter on offshore wind turbines and offshore wind farm development. Opening with a survey of the present state of offshore wind farm development, the chapter goes on to consider resource assessment and array losses. Then wave loading on support structures is examined in depth, including wind and wave load combinations and descriptions of applicable wave theories. After sections covering optimum machine size and offshore turbine reliability, the different types of support structure deployed to date are described in turn, with emphasis on monopiles, including fatigue analysis in the frequency domain. Final sections examine the assessment of environmental impacts and the design of the power collection and transmission cable network. New coverage features: turbulence models updated to reflect the latest design standards, including an introduction to the Mann turbulence model extended treatment of horizontal axis wind turbines aerodynamics, now including a survey of wind turbine aerofoils, dynamic stall and computational fluid dynamics developments in turbine design codes techniques for extrapolating extreme loads from simulation results an introduction to the NREL cost model comparison of options for variable speed operation in-depth treatment of individual blade pitch control grid code requirements and the principles governing the connection of large wind farms to transmission networks four pages of full-colour pictures that illustrate blade manufacture, turbine construction and offshore support structure installation Firmly established as an essential reference, Wind Energy Handbook, Second Edition will prove a real asset to engineers, turbine designers and wind energy consultants both in industry and research. Advanced engineering students and new entrants to the wind energy sector will also find it an invaluable resource.
Download or read book On the Optimisation of Operation and Maintenance Strategies for Offshore Wind Farms written by A. Karyotakis and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis reports on investigations undertaken into the reliability, availability and maintenance of offshore wind farms when considering different maintenance strategies, an understanding of which is fundamental when considering the technical and economical viability of existing and future offshore wind farms. A comprehensive literature review has been undertaken in the areas of offshore wind farm maintenance strategies, offshore wind turbine reliability and accessibility issues, and CO2 emissions associated with maintenance expeditions for offshore wind farms. The limitations and disadvantages of current maintenance practices are identified and a planned intervention maintenance policy is proposed and examined in detail. To help design a planned intervention maintenance policy, the offshore wind farm parameters that affect its technical and economical viability have been identified, which become the foundation for developing computer based models using Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the maintenance practices of the planned intervention maintenance policy. Different scenarios of the proposed solution are investigated to help quantify the technical and economical benefits over the current maintenance practises, in terms of wind farm availability, cumulative energy output, production cost of energy and CO2 emissions. The research on the reliability of offshore wind turbines has shown that the power converter system is a critical item that suffers from high failure rates. This thesis reports upon the investigation of a hot standby redundancy on the wind turbine power converter system. A redundancy model is deployed to simulate the planned intervention maintenance policy for different offshore wind farm case studies in order to establish the effects of the hot standby redundancy on the offshore wind turbine operational performance. The novel contribution of this work is claimed to be in the development of dedicated models for the reliability, availability and maintenance of offshore wind farms, which should lead in establishing a technical and economic benchmark for the parameters affecting offshore wind farms.
Download or read book Structural Integrity of Offshore Wind Turbines Oversight of Design Fabrication and Installation written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Offshore Wind Energy Turbine Structural and Operating Safety and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) is responsible for the orderly, safe, and environmentally responsible development of offshore renewable energy on the outer continental shelf (OCS). The Committee on Offshore Wind Energy Turbine Structural and Operating Safety that authored this report was tasked with reviewing BOEMRE's proposed approach to overseeing the design of offshore wind turbines for structural integrity. The committee was asked to review the applicability and adequacy of standards and practices that could be used for the design, fabrication and installation of offshore wind turbines. It was also asked to review the role of third-party certified verification agents (CVAs) and the expertise and qualifications needed to carry out the role of a CVA. The committee's findings are presented in the following chapters: (1) Introduction; (2) Offshore Wind Technology and Status; (3) Standards and Practices; (4) A Risk-Informed Approach to Performance Assurance; (5) Role of Third-Party Oversight and Certified Verification Agents; (6) Qualifications Needed by Certified Verification Agents; and (7) Summary of Key Findings and Recommendations."--Pub. desc.
Download or read book The Economics of Wind Energy written by and published by EWEA. This book was released on 2009 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimization of Installation Operation and Maintenance at Offshore Wind Projects in the U S written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Department of Energy (DOE) awarded a grant to GL Garrad Hassan (GL GH) to investigate the logistics, opportunities, and costs associated with existing and emerging installation and operation and maintenance (O & M) activities at offshore wind projects as part of the DOE's program to reduce barriers facing offshore wind project development in the United States (U.S.). This report (the Report) forms part of Subtopic 5.3 "Optimized Installation, Operation and Maintenance Strategies Study" which in turn is part of the "Removing Market Barriers in U.S. Offshore Wind" set of projects for the DOE. The purpose of Subtopic 5.3 is to aid and facilitate informed decision-making regarding installation and O & M during the development, installation, and operation of offshore wind projects in order to increase efficiency and reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCoE). Given the large area of U.S. territorial waters, the generally higher mean wind speeds offshore, and the proximity to the coast of many large U.S. cities, offshore wind power has the potential to become a significant contributor of energy to U.S. markets. However, for the U.S. to ensure that the development of offshore wind energy projects is carried out in an efficient and cost-effective manner, it is important to be cognizant of the current and emerging practices in both the domestic and international offshore wind energy industries. The U.S. can harness the experience gained globally and combine this with the skills and assets of an already sizeable onshore wind industry, as well as the resources of a mature offshore oil and gas industry, to develop a strong offshore wind sector. The work detailed in this report is aimed at assisting with that learning curve, particularly in terms of offshore specific installation and O & M activities. This Report and the Installation and O & M LCoE Analysis Tool, which were developed together by GL GH as part of this study, allow readers to identify, model and probe the economic merits and sensitivities of various approaches to construction and O & M practices, using illustrative offshore projects across a wide range of alternative offshore development areas located in U.S. waters. The intention is to assist decision-makers in clearly understanding the relative economic benefits of both conventional and novel construction installation methodologies and maintenance techniques within the critical parameters of a Project's LCoE.
Download or read book Developments in Renewable Energies Offshore written by Guedes Soares Carlos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in Renewable Energies Offshore contains the papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore (RENEW 2020, Lisbon, Portugal, 12 - 15 October 2020). The book covers a wide range of topics, including: resource assessment; wind energy; wave energy; tidal energy; ocean energy devices; multiuse platforms; PTO design; grid connection; economic assessment; materials and structural design; installation planning and maintenance planning. The book will be invaluable to professionals and academics involved or interested in Offshore Engineering, and Renewable and Wind Energy.
Download or read book Future of wind written by International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA and published by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents options to speed up the deployment of wind power, both onshore and offshore, until 2050. It builds on IRENA’s global roadmap to scale up renewables and meet climate goals.
Download or read book Safety and Reliability Methodology and Applications written by Tomasz Nowakowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the last fifty years the performance requirements for technical objects and systems were supplemented with: customer expectations (quality), abilities to prevent the loss of the object properties in operation time (reliability and maintainability), protection against the effects of undesirable events (safety and security) and the ability to
Download or read book On Optimal Maintenance Management for Wind Power Systems written by François Besnard and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound maintenance strategies and planning are crucial importance for wind power systems, and especially for offshore locations. In the last decades, an increased awareness of the impact of human living on the environment has emerged in the world. The importance of developing renewable energy is today highly recognized and energy policies have been adopted towards this development. Wind energy has been the strongest growing renewable source of energy this last decade. Wind power is now developing offshore where sites are available and benefits from strong and steady wind. However, the initial investments are larger than onshore, and operation and maintenance costs may be substantially higher due to transportation costs for maintenance and accessibility constrained by the weather. Operational costs can be significantly reduced by optimizing decisions for maintenance strategies and maintenance planning. This especially important for offshore wind power systems to reduce the high economic risks related to the uncertainties on the accessibility and reliability of wind turbines. This thesis proposes decision models for cost efficient maintenance planning and maintenance strategies for wind power systems. One model is psoposed on the maintenance planning of service maintenance activities. Two models investigate the benefits of condition based maintenance strategies for the drive train and for the blades of wind turbines, respectively. Moreover, a model is proposed to optimize the inspection interval for the blade. Maintenance strategies for small components are also presented with simple models for component redundancy and age replacement. The models are tested in case studies and sensitivity analyses are performed for parameters of interests. The results show that maintenance costs can be significantly reduced through optimizing the maintenance strategies and the maintenance planning.
Download or read book MARE WINT written by Wiesław Ostachowicz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a holistic, interdisciplinary overview of offshore wind energy, and is a must-read for advanced researchers. Topics, from the design and analysis of future turbines, to the decommissioning of wind farms, are covered. The scope of the work ranges from analytical, numerical and experimental advancements in structural and fluid mechanics, to novel developments in risk, safety & reliability engineering for offshore wind.The core objective of the current work is to make offshore wind energy more competitive, by improving the reliability, and operations and maintenance (O&M) strategies of wind turbines. The research was carried out under the auspices of the EU-funded project, MARE-WINT. The project provided a unique opportunity for a group of researchers to work closely together, undergo multidisciplinary doctoral training, and conduct research in the area of offshore wind energy generation. Contributions from expert, external authors are also included, and the complete work seeks to bridge the gap between research and a rapidly-evolving industry.
Download or read book Operational Expenditure Optimisation Utilising Condition Monitoring for Offshore Wind Parks written by Allan May and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a strong desire to increase the penetration of renewable energy sources inthe UK electricity market. Offshore wind energy could be a method to achieve this. However, there are still issues, both technical and economical, that hinder the development and exploitation of this energy source.A condition based maintenance plan that relies on fully integrating the input from condition monitoring and structural health monitoring systems could be the method to solve many of these issues. Improved maintenance scheduling has the potential to reduce maintenance costs, increase energy production and reduce the overall cost of energy. While condition monitoring systems for gearboxes, generators and main bearings have become common place over the last few years, the deployment of other monitoring systems has been slower. This could be due to the expense and complication of monitoring an entire wind farm. Wind park operators, correctly, would like to see proof that their investment will be prudent.To assist wind park operators and owners with this decision, an offshore wind operations and maintenance model that attempts to model the impacts of using monitoring systems has been developed. The development of the model is shown in this analysis: multiple methodologies are used to capture deterioration and the abilities of monitoring systems. At each stage benchmarks are shown against other models and available data. This analysis has a breadth and scope not currently addressed in literature and attempts to give insight to industry that was previously unavailable.
