Download or read book Development of Nickel based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Methane and Methanol written by Richard Augusto Couttenye and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research and Development of Nickel Based Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen and Syngas Production and Purification Technologies written by Ke Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the timely topic of fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy from its fundamentals to practical applications Serves as a resource for practicing researchers and as a text in graduate-level programs Tackles crucial aspects in light of the new directions in the energy industry, in particular how to integrate fuel processing into contemporary systems like nuclear and gas power plants Includes homework-style problems
Download or read book Structured Catalysts and Reactors written by Andrzej Cybulski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-02 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in structured catalysts is steadily increasing due to the already proven, as well as potential, advantages of these catalysts. Updating the comprehensive coverage of the first edition published in 1998 with the latest science and applications, Structured Catalysts and Reactors, Second Edition gives detailed information on all aspect
Download or read book Development of Highly Active and Stable Nickel Catalyst for Partial Oxidation of Methane for the Hydrogen Production written by and published by . This book was released on 200? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nickel based Catalysts for Gasification of Glucose in Supercritical Wate written by Muhammad Badrul Islam Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasification of waste biomass to form hydrogen, H2, is a promising new source of green energy; while providing the additional benefit of treating challenging and hazardous waste streams that pollute the environment. Gasification of biomass in supercritical water (SCW) offers an attractive alternative to avoid the energy intensive drying process. In this approach, biomass is hydrolyzed by water into smaller molecules in the presence of a suitable catalyst. This study was aimed at developing an alumina supported nickel based non-noble metal catalyst suitable for biomass gasification in SCW. A lack of detailed characterization on fresh and spent catalysts in SCW has held back progress in this field and is critical due to the highly unusual properties of SCW at high pressure and temperature compared to ambient water. Typically hydrogen rich gaseous product from gasification of biomass in SCW requires temperatures higher than 700 °C, while low temperature processes (300-500 °C) produce methane rich gases. Use of suitable catalysts can lower the activation energy of the reaction, and hydrogen rich gaseous products can be achieved at low temperatures thus lower the operating cost. Use of suitable catalysts also can reduce the formation of chars and tars formed during the gasification process in SCW. Moreover, non-noble catalysts could be beneficial in terms of availability and cost. A kinetic study of SCW gasification is still under development due to the numerous intermediate and final products and complex reaction pathways. In this research, supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and partial oxidation (SCWPO) of a model biomass compound was studied to produce hydrogen rich syngas at lower temperatures (400-500 °C). In this respect non-noble nickel catalysts were synthesized, evaluated and characterized (fresh and spent) to study the catalyst role in SCWG. The catalysts studied were synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation of metal salts on synthesized?-alumina nanofibers and commercial gamma alumina (converted to theta) pellets (3mm average diameter) as catalyst supports. To synthesize nano structured catalyst supports (alumina nanofibers); a one-pot sol-gel route in scCO2 was adopted without using any hazardous organic solvents, surfactants or other additives for the first time. Aerogel nano catalysts were also directly synthesized via a sol-gel technique using isopropanol as solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as the drying agent. In this research, it was found that introduction of oxidant after gasification is beneficial in terms of gaseous products and reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the liquid effluents. Another finding is that nickel (Ni) loading on alumina above 11 wt% consumed carbon dioxide with a simultaneous increase in methane attributed to hydrogen consumption by the methanation reaction. However, lanthanum (La) modified Ni/?-Al2O3 enhanced production of hydrogen by retarding the methanation reaction and promoting the water gas shift (WGS) reaction. In addition, adsorption of CO2, one of the main products, by La was attributed to shifting the reaction equilibrium to the products and thus contributed to enhance hydrogen production. Nano catalysts showed higher activity towards hydrogen production, carbon gasification efficiency and total organic carbon (TOC) destruction in the liquid effluent compared to coarser heterogeneous catalysts. However, hydrogen production using aerogel catalysts where metals were loaded directly through sol-gel reaction was found comparatively less than nanofiber catalysts where metals were impregnated on the nano support. This phenomenon was attributed to the formation of Ni-La-Al-O nano structure complex by direct addition of metals during sol-gel reaction. Unlike impregnated catalysts, incorporation of La to the main structure of the sol-gel derived catalysts could not contribute to enhance the WGS reaction. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized using different physicochemical techniques which revealed that the catalysts were active in SCW even though the metallic sites of nickel agglomerated when exposed to SCW conditions, oxidized and reacted with the support alumina. It was found that lanthanum retards the formation of graphitic coke, and adsorbed carbon dioxide during supercritical water gasification. To our knowledge, hydrogen yield, total organic carbon destruction and gasification efficiency were significantly higher using La modified Ni/?-Al2O3 nano catalyst fibers than that of any other reported results of SCWG of any biomass compound at moderate temperatures (~500 °C) and pressures (~28 MPa). However, exposing the nanofiber catalysts to the SCW environment led to disintegration of the fibrous structure. A global kinetic model for TOC destruction in supercritical water was developed using non-linear regression, which convincingly fit with the experimental results.
Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Gasoline Using Nickel Based Catalysts written by Andrew Roland Tadd and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methane Conversion written by D.M. Bibby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-03-01 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume comprises the invited plenary lectures, contributed and poster papers presented at a symposium organised to mark the successful inauguration of the world's first commercial plant for production of gasoline from natural gas, based on the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline process. The objectives of the Symposium were to present both fundamental research and engineering aspects of the development and commercialization of gas-to-gasoline processes. These include steam reforming, methanol synthesis and methanol-to-gasoline. Possible alternative processes e.g. MOGD, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, and the direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons were also considered.The papers in this volume provide a valuable and extremely wide-ranging overview of current research into the various options for natural gas conversion, giving a detailed description of the gas-to-gasoline process and plant. Together, they represent a unique combination of fundamental surface chemistry catalyst characterization, reaction chemistry and engineering scale-up and commercialization.
Download or read book Nickel Based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from the Pyrolysis written by Paula Helena Blanco Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Inexpensive Catalysts for Hydrogen Production Through the Integration of Stem Reforming of Methane and High Temperature Water Gas Shift written by Trevor L. LeValley and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is great concern about the increasing demand for energy with respect to carbon emissions, but hydrogen (H2), a clean fuel, could help alleviate this concern. The replacement of fossil fuels with H2 is cost prohibitive, but the integration of steam reforming of methane (SRM) and water gas shift (WGS) could greatly decrease the cost of production. A composite catalyst of nickel, cerium, zirconium, and zinc was designed to provide activity in both the SRM and WGS reactions. The catalysts were characterized by a variety of techniques including BET, TEM, SEM, TPO, and XRD. It was found that the addition of zinc decreased the surface area, and therefore the activity of the SRM reaction, although it increased WGS activity as observed by improved carbon dioxide selectivity and H 2 production. Zinc also increased resistance to carbon deposition. Additionally, aging of precipitates during catalyst synthesis provided improved stability over 48 hours. A Ce/Zr/Zn catalyst doped with 10% Ni and aged for two hours was found to have a final conversion of nearly 20% at 650 °C, and high CO2 selectivity around 55%. This catalyst is an important step in the emerging field of low temperature SRM, a field that could lead to a reduction in carbon emissions.
Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Simulated Gasoline Using Nickel based Catalysts written by Andrew Tadd and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nickel Based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from the Pyrolysis gasification of Refuse Derived Fuel RDF written by Paula Helena Blanco Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development of Ni Based Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane written by Pengfei Cao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reforming of Methane Over Ni based Catalyst written by Ye Wang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dry reforming of methane represents an attractive way to the conversion of two greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) into valuable products. Transition metal Ni is universally considered as an alternative to noble metal for DRM, due to its high activity and low cost. However, Ni-based catalysts suffered deactivation resulted from sintering of the active phase and carbon deposition, thus its practical application is not actually possible. So, there is a need to develop a cost-effective catalyst, able to withstand high temperatures and able to resist deactivation.First, the Ni-Zr catalysts were prepared by the one step urea hydrolysis method and were evaluated on the dry reforming of methane. Secondly, different promoters (such as Y, Al, Mn, and Mg) with Ni-Zr were co-synthesized by the same method (urea hydrolysis). The relationship between performance and structure is analyzed by activity test and multiple characterizations, such as BET, XRD, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, TEM, XPS and Raman. Among them, the Y-modified catalysts improved the resistance to carbon deposition by increasing the weak and medium-strength basic sites. Also, the presence of Al could enhance the catalytic performance due to larger pore volume and diameter after aluminum introduction. The addition of Mn led to the increase of the catalytic activity with time on stream because of a more stable structure of ZrO2 species and a redistribution of nickel species.Thus, the choices of different promoters result in diversification in the specific surface area, Ni0 crystallite size, and basicity, which may further affect the catalytic performance of prepared catalysts.
Download or read book CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis written by Yuichiro Himeda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the effective catalysts and latest advances in CO2 conversion in chemicals and fuels Carbon dioxide hydrogenation is one of the most promising and economic techniques to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals. With contributions from an international team of experts on the topic, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid/formate, methanol, methane, and C2+ products. The book explores the electroreduction of carbon dioxide and contains an overview on hydrogen production from formic acid and methanol. With a practical review of the advances and challenges in future CO2 hydrogenation research, the book provides an important guide for researchers in academia and industry working in the field of catalysis, organometallic chemistry, green and sustainable chemistry, as well as energy conversion and storage. This important book: Offers a unique review of effective catalysts and the latest advances in CO2 conversion Explores how to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals and fuels such as methanol, olefins, gasoline, aromatics Includes the latest research in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis as well as electrocatalysis Highlights advances and challenges for future investigation Written for chemists, catalytic chemists, electrochemists, chemists in industry, and chemical engineers, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive resource to understanding how CO2 emissions can create value-added chemicals.
Download or read book Development of Ni based Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming Application written by Abdulkader Albarazi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Through Water Gas Shift Reaction Over Nickel Catalysts written by Agus Haryanto and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress in fuel cell technology has resulted in an increased interest towards hydrogen fuel. Consequently, water gas shift reaction has found a renewed significance. Even though iron- and copper-based catalysts have been used for water gas shift reaction for decades, the catalysts are not strong enough to bring carbon monoxide concentration to a level tolerable for a fuel cell working at low temperatures. This study is focused on hydrogen production from water gas shift reaction using a nickel catalyst. Literature review revealed that nickel is one of the promising catalysts for water gas shift reaction. A thermodynamic analysis proved that exothermic water gas shift reaction is thermodynamically favorable at low temperatures but kinetically limited, and vice versa at higher temperatures. Initial experiments using 12 catalysts supported over monolith alumina revealed that nickel supported on ceria-promoted monolith alumina (Ni/CeO2-Al2O3) performed best, especially at 500°C. At this temperature and steam flowrates of 0.1-0.5 ml/min, the nickel catalyst had an activity of 94-99%, H2 yield of 55-61 vol.%, and H2 selectivity of 77-99%. A second set of experiments examined nine nickel based catalysts using different supports (mostly in powder form) which also demonstrated that Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 is the most promising catalyst for high temperature (450°C) water gas shift reaction. When nickel loading was varied from 1 to 8% (w/w), it was apparent that the catalyst performance increased with the nickel loading. Powder alumina resulted in better catalysis than monolith alumina. In this experiment, it was evident that the presence of minor amounts (1% (w/w) of the nickel loading) of a dopant material that included cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or ruthenium affected the catalytic activity of the primary catalyst. The addition of cobalt or chromium resulted in positive effect on the performance of Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst. There was no appreciable effect due to the addition of ruthenium, and there was negative effect owing to the presence of molybdenum. Undoped, cobalt-doped, or chromium-doped Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst performed much better for water gas shift reaction at 450°C than that of a commercial (control) catalyst. A kinetic study revealed that the activation energy of water gas shift reaction over Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 was to be 104.5 kJ/mol.
