Download or read book Development of Molecular Markers and Their Use to Deploy Valuable Genetic Variation in California Small Grains Breeding written by Joshua Munro Hegarty and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responsible for over 20% of the calories consumed by humans, wheat and barley were among the first crops domesticated by humans. These two crops made a significant contribution to the transition of humans from a nomadic to an agrarian lifestyle, allowing for the development of more complex societies. After millennia of gradual farmer based selection, the green revolution of the mid-20th century dramatically increased yields of wheat at a time when the rapid human population growth threatened global food security. These rapid gains in yield resulted from the application of an improved understanding of plant genetics and a more rigorous approach to plant breeding aimed at the development of cultivars that could utilize additional nutrient inputs. The incorporation of modern molecular genetics and genomics tools to breeding has the potential to once again accelerate current rates of improvement to achieve the grain yield levels required to feed an increasing human population. This dissertation presents examples of the use of these modern tools to develop improved barley and wheat germplasm. The first chapter describes the genetic mapping of four loci for tolerance to Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYDV) tolerance in barley, a problem that has delayed the development of malting barley varieties for California. Molecular markers for these resistance genes are particularly useful because the sporadic nature of this disease poses a challenge for traditional breeding strategies. The second chapter describes the utilization of these markers for CYDV tolerance in combination with agronomic and quality tests that support the release of the two-row malting barley variety ‘UC Tahoe’. The third chapter describes the validation of a novel stripe rust resistance locus in wheat, designated as Yr78. Using bi-parental population, this study identified 10 wheat accessions carrying Yr78 and a closely linked molecular marker that will be useful to incorporate this novel resistance gene in wheat breeding programs.
Download or read book Molecular Markers for Genebank Management written by David M. Spooner and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview of molecular technologies. Genebank management. Crop breeding.
Download or read book DNA Based Markers in Plants written by R.L. Phillips and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the new techniques described in this volume, a new gene can be placed on the linkage map within only a few days. Leading researchers have updated the earlier edition to include the latest versions of DNA-based marker maps for a variety of important crops.
Download or read book Molecular Markers in Plant Genetics and Biotechnology written by Domonique de Vienne and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter details the different techniques of molecular markers, emphasizing genetic aspects, because these determine the type of use one can put it to. The construction of genetic linkage maps is the subject of the second chapter, where the advantages and disadvantages of the most common mapping populations are specified. The particular ca
Download or read book Molecular Markers for Allele Mining written by and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Molecular Markers Linked to Genes of Important Agronomic Traits for Marker assisted Selection in Lupin Lupinus Angustifolius L Breeding written by Xin Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a recently domesticated commercial crop in Australia with a narrow gene pool. To broaden the genetic bases of domesticated commercial cultivars of narrow-leafed lupin, wild accessions are used as parents in lupin breeding. Most domestication genes, such as the low alkaloid gene iucundus, seed coat permeability gene mollis and reduced pod shattering genes tardus and lentus, are recessive. These recessive genes are difficult to be selected among the progenies from wild x domesticated (WxD) crosses by conventional breeding method, where molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) is highly desirable. An F8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a WxD cross was established by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. The female parent was 83A:476, a sister line of L. angustifolius cv. Wonga. The pollen donor parent was P27255, originally collected from a natural population in Morocco. The parents together with 115 RILs were subjected to DNA fingerprinting using MFLP (microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphisms) to efficiently generate DNA polymorphisms. Experiments were set up based on a newly developed marker generating strategy by incorporating representative cultivars and wild types at the initial candidate marker identification stage for the identification of best candidate markers with highest matching rate between phenotypes of the targeted gene and the marker genotypes. In order to assess and confirm the established markers for applicability on a wide range of germplasm for MAS in lupin breeding, validation tests were further conducted on all the 25 commercial cultivars released in Australia and 125 accessions of the lupin core collection before the marker was finally judged on its suitability. In this study, four simple PCR-based co-dominant markers were successfully developed which can be widely used in narrow-leafed lupin breeding for selection of target traits. (1) Marker IucLi is 0.9 centiMorgan (cM) from the low alkaloid gene iucundus. The accuracy between marker genotype and phenotype is 100% in the 25 cultivars and 86.4% among the 125 lupin lines in core collection, which promised a broad application for selection of sweet individuals; (2) Marker MoLi was co-segregating with the mollis gene by testing on the segregating F8 RIL population. Although the marker showed 0 cM to mollis gene calculated on the F8 population containing 115 RILs, the real gene sequence of the mollis gene remains unknown. Validation tests showed that the banding pattern of marker MoLi is consistent with all the 25 historical and current commercial cultivars released in Australia, and is consistent with mollis genotypes on 119 out of the 125 accessions in the narrow-leafed lupin core collection. Marker MoLi provides a cost-effective way to select the mollis gene on a wide range of WxD crosses in lupin breeding; (3) Marker TaLi was located at a distance of 1.4cM from the tardus gene. Validation of marker TaLi found a 94% marker and tardus phenotype match...
Download or read book Molecular Markers in Plant Genome Analysis written by Andrew Kalinski and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-07 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of 82 annotated bibliographies on Molecular Markers in Plant Genome Analysis. Sponsored by CRIS/ICAR.
Download or read book Application of Molecular Markers to Genetic Diversity and Quantitative Trait Loci Detection Studies in Oat and Wheat written by Jose Fernandes Barbosa Neto and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Markers Applied to Wheat Improvement written by Jorge Enrique Autrique and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications and Potentials of Marker Assisted Selection MAS in Plant Breeding written by Sarah Brumlop and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Breeding for Quality in Vegetable Maize Using Linked Molecular Marker written by United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Molecular Marker Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mapping of Chromosome Regions Associated with Seed Zinc Accumulation in Barley written by Behzad Sadeghzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Zinc deficiency in crops is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency, with about 50% of the cereal-growing areas worldwide containing low levels of plant-available Zn. Zinc plays multiple key roles in different metabolic and physiological processes; its deficiency in crops reduces not only grain yield, but also the nutritional quality of grains. Insufficient micronutrient intake, particularly Zn and Fe, afflicts over 3 billion people in the world, mainly in developing countries. Increasing the amount of Zn in food crops can contribute to improving the Zn status of people. Furthermore, Zn-dense seeds have agronomic benefits, resulting in greater seedling vigour, bigger root system and higher crop yield when sowed to soils with low plant-available Zn. Enhancing nutrient content and nutritional quality of crops for human nutrition is a global challenge currently, but it was mostly ignored during the breeding process in the past. There is a significant genotypic variation for seed Zn accumulation in several crops (including barley) which could be exploited in the breeding programs to produce genotypes with higher seed Zn concentration and content. However, the progress in Zn efficiency until now has mainly relied on conventional plant breeding approaches that have had limited success. Therefore, reliable alternative methods are required. Enhancing mineral nutrition through plant biotechnology may be a sustainable and beneficial approach in developing Zn-dense seeds in the staple crops. ... This DNA band was sequenced and converted into a simple sequence-specific PCR-based marker, which was designated as SZnR1 (seed Zn-regulator1). The developed marker is very easy to score, is inexpensive to run and amenable for a large number of plant samples. The successful development of SZnR1 molecular marker linked to chromosome region associated with seed Zn concentration and content using MFLP in this study illustrates the advantage of this technique over some other DNA fingerprinting methods used for identification of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). In conclusion, the greater Zn efficiency of Sahara over Clipper under sufficient Zn supply may be attributed to its higher uptake of Zn. It appears that soil-based pot experiments under controlled condition may offer potential improvements over field experiments in screening for seed Zn accumulation. Shoot and seed Zn concentration and content can be used to diagnose the Zn statues of barley genotypes, and may be a useful selection criterion for Zn efficiency in large populations like doubled-haploid populations aimed at developing molecular markers for Zn efficiency. Identified QTLs influencing seed Zn concentration were repeatable in the field and glasshouse conditions, suggesting their robustness across environments as well as their value in marker-assisted selection. The developed PCR-based marker SZnR1 and other molecular markers associated with the QTLs on the short and long arms of chromosome 2H have the potential to be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding for Zn-dense seed in barley.
Download or read book Development and Application of Molecular Markers to Problems in Plant Genetics written by Timothy Helentjaris and published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. This book was released on 1989-01 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a Cold Spring Harbor Lab. meeting Nov. 1988. Topics addressed include: the use of cytogenetic tools to relate physical and genetics maps, the molecular nature of genetic polymorphism and its relationships to speciation, statistical methods for mapping quantitative trait loci, the natu
Download or read book Genetic Data Analysis for Plant and Animal Breeding written by Fikret Isik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills the gap between textbooks of quantitative genetic theory, and software manuals that provide details on analytical methods but little context or perspective on which methods may be most appropriate for a particular application. Accordingly this book is composed of two sections. The first section (Chapters 1 to 8) covers topics of classical phenotypic data analysis for prediction of breeding values in animal and plant breeding programs. In the second section (Chapters 9 to 13) we provide the concept and overall review of available tools for using DNA markers for predictions of genetic merits in breeding populations. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomic data, especially single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, have become available for animal and plant breeding programs in recent years. Analysis of DNA markers for prediction of genetic merit is a relatively new and active research area. The algorithms and software to implement these algorithms are changing rapidly. This section represents state-of-the-art knowledge on the tools and technologies available for genetic analysis of plants and animals. However, readers should be aware that the methods or statistical packages covered here may not be available or they might be out of date in a few years. Ultimately the book is intended for professional breeders interested in utilizing these tools and approaches in their breeding programs. Lastly, we anticipate the usage of this volume for advanced level graduate courses in agricultural and breeding courses.
Download or read book Molecular Breeding in Wheat Maize and Sorghum written by Mohammad Anwar Hossain and published by CABI. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global population is projected to reach almost 10 billion by 2050, and food and feed production will need to increase by 70%. Wheat, maize and sorghum are three key cereals which provide nutrition for the majority of the world's population. Their production is affected by various abiotic stresses which cause significant yield losses. The effects of climate change also increase the frequency and severity of such abiotic stresses. Molecular breeding technologies offer real hope for improving crop yields. Although significant progress has been made over the last few years, there is still a need to bridge the large gap between yields in the most favorable and most stressful conditions.
Download or read book THE STATE OF THE WORLD s FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication was prepared based on information provided by 86 countries, outcomes from regional and subregional consultations and commissioned thematic studies. It includes: •an overview of definitions and concepts related to Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) and a review of their value; •a description of the main drivers of changes; •the presentation of key emerging technologies; •an analysis of the current status of FGR conservation, use and related developments; •recommendations addressing the challenges and needs. By the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
