Download or read book Development of Microseismic Methods to Determine Hydraulic Fracture Dimensions written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted on the determination of hydraulically stimulated fracture diagnostics using microseismic monitoring in the treatment well and in remote wells. Treatment Well Results: A technique has been developed to estimate the depth of the top and bottom of a fracture. This method has been demonstrated with four surveys at GRI wells SFE No. 1 and SFE No. 2. The successful height determination after four months' production of SFE No. 2 demonstrates the application to previously fractured wells. Results from HYDCRAK models confirm the height technique. Tube waves were identified as a more prevalent and significant noise source than previously envisioned. Methods of identifying and dealing with tube-wave noise in acquisition and analysis were developed. Two algorithms were used to remove known tube waves: 1) a prediction error filter to remove downgoing energy, 2) a noise-conditioned filter. Both methods have significantly improved the S/N to allow detection of smaller microseismic signals. Remote Well Results: A re-evaluation of expected signal-to-noise ratios S/N has been made for remote well surveys. Multiple signals detected during three remote well surveys are interpreted as being from the reservoir in the immediate vicinity of the monitor wells rather than from the treatment being monitored at ranges of 1900 to 4500 ft.
Download or read book Development of Microseismic Methods to Determine Hydraulic Fracture Dimensions written by J. E. Fix and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of the research in microseismic methods to determine hydraulic fracture dimensions during this contract were significant. A microseismic technique was developed, evaluated, and established to determine the depth at the top and bottom of a fracture treatment zone and is being offered as a commercial service. A proof-of-concept experiment at SFE No. 3 showed that the microseismic height technique gives a better estimate of the average fracture height than numerous cased hole logs. A U.S. patent on the method has been granted and assigned to GRI. A new application of reentering previously fractured wells was demonstrated in both the SFE No. 2 and 3 wells with height surveys four months after the main fracture treatment in each well. This application can lead to an expanded market area for the microseismic monitoring technique. A new significant class of low-frequency signals has been observed. It is anticipated that research with these signals can provide an estimate of the length of the fractured zone. The ambient microseismic background in the remote wells is 10 to 40 nm/s. In the presence of this noise level, signals from fracture treatments may not be detected at ranges greater than 500 to 1000 ft.
Download or read book Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
Download or read book Microseismic Imaging of Hydraulic Fracturing written by Shawn Mawell and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microseismic Imaging of Hydraulic Fracturing: Improved Engineering of Unconventional Shale Reservoirs (SEG Distinguished Instructor Series No. 17) covers the use of microseismic data to enhance engineering design of hydraulic fracturing and well completion. The book, which accompanies the 2014 SEG Distinguished Instructor Short Course, describes the design, acquisition, processing, and interpretation of an effective microseismic project. The text includes a tutorial of the basics of hydraulic fracturing, including the geologic and geomechanical factors that control fracture growth. In addition to practical issues associated with collecting and interpreting microseismic data, potential pitfalls and quality-control steps are discussed. Actual case studies are used to demonstrate engineering benefits and improved production through the use of microseismic monitoring. Providing a practical user guide for survey design, quality control, interpretation, and application of microseismic hydraulic fracture monitoring, this book will be of interest to geoscientists and engineers involved in development of unconventional reservoirs.
Download or read book Modeling Hydraulic Fractures Using Microseismic Events written by Mohammed Zaki AlQassab and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements in hydraulic fracturing technology have enabled the development of unconventional reservoirs. Hydraulic fractures increase the total surface area of the wellbore, which leads to an increase in production rate. One way to evaluate the success of hydraulic fracturing jobs is to detect microseismic events during fracturing. Mapping microseismic events help engineers identify the areal extent of the fractures. However, estimating the actual size, shape, and orientation of hydraulic fractures from microseismic events is challenging because microseismic events are week signals and include noise (Warpinski 2009). Here we propose a novel workflow that builds a discrete fracture model directly from microseismic events. We use several techniques such as density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), surface fitting, embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM), and proxy-based assisted history matching (AHM). We first define the region for each stage using the perforation intervals. Then, we use DBSCAN to reduce noise and identify clusters in each stage. Next, we choose the main cluster in each stage to fit a fracture plane to the microseismic events. The last step is to calibrate the fracture model using two scaling factors: one reduces the fracture height and the other reduces the fracture half-length. We determine the appropriate scaling factors using AHM. Therefore, the final calibrated fracture model would match field production data. We found that preliminary fracture model overestimates the size of the fractures. Hence, calibrating the fracture model with production data is important. There are several field applications that can benefit from our workflow. For example, we can compare the fracture models for several offset wells in a reservoir and make some correlations with their fracturing strategies. The best fracturing strategy can then be implemented for future wells. We also introduce a new approach that estimates bottom hole pressure from static wellhead pressure in wellbores filled with gas and water. We divide the gas column into (n) small segments. Then, we evaluate the pressure in each segment along with the depth of the gas-water interface by numerically solving (n+1) equations. This approach is useful in history matching since obtaining bottom hole pressure is challenging and expensive
Download or read book Understanding Downhole Microseismic Data Analysis written by Jubran Akram and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed as an excellent resource text for students and professionals, providing an in-depth overview of the theory and applications of downhole microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing. The readers will benefit greatly from the detailed explanation on the processes and workflows involved in the acquisition design modeling, processing and interpretation of microseismic data.
Download or read book Investigation of Induced Microseismicity in Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells written by J. E. Fix and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of the research in microseismic methods to determine hydraulic fracture dimensions during this contract were significant. Fracture diagnostics were monitored at the SFE no. 4 and two GRI cooperative wells. One of these wells further confirmed the viability of fracture diagnostics in previously fractured wells. A preliminary study was made with synthetic seismograms of crack waves calculated for an infinite fracture. Results are encouraging and suggest a sensitivity to fracture width. The theory needs to be expanded to include a finite fracture. The GRI Hydraulic Fracture Test Site (HFTS) development planning was a major effort. Teledyne Geotech (TG) personnel attended meetings of the Planning Team, Technical Review Committee (TRC), Diagnostics R & D Team, and several Working Groups. TG and S.A. Holditch and Assoc. wrote a Preliminary Development Plan describing the facilities and capabilities of the test site. The plan was presented in detail to the TRC and Project Advisors' Group (PAG). A comprehensive design was developed for the monitoring, acquisition, and data processing systems. The Diagnostics R & D Team designed a set of experiments to answer questions and issues concerned with fracture geometry mapping. A prototype geophone/cable assembly was obtained for the Data Well 1 at the Ft. Worth Basin candidate site. Teledyne Geotech aided GRI in presenting the hydraulic fracture diagnostics techniques to three candidate Field Test partners. No agreements were completed despite many contacts.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microseismic Monitoring written by Vladimir Grechka and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, microseismic monitoring, a technology developed for evaluating completions of wells drilled to produce hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs, has grown increasingly popular among oil and gas companies. Microseismic Monitoring, by Vladimir Grechka and Werner M. Heigl, discusses how to process microseismic data, what can and cannot be inferred from such data, and to what level of certainty this might be possible. The narrative of the book follows the passage of seismic waves: from a source triggered by hydraulic fracture stimulation, through hydrocarbon-bearing formations, towards motion sensors. The waves’ characteristics encode the location of their source and its focal mechanism. The analysis of various approaches to harvesting the source-related information from microseismic records has singled out the accuracy of the velocity model, fully accounting for the strong elastic anisotropy of hydraulically fractured shales, as the most critical ingredient for obtaining precise source locations and interpretable moment tensors. The ray theory complemented by its modern extensions, paraxial and Fréchet ray tracing, provides the only practical means available today for building such models. The book is written for geophysicists interested in learning and applying advanced microseismic data-processing techniques.
Download or read book Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics written by Mark D. Zoback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geomechanical and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Covering hydrocarbon-bearing formations, horizontal drilling, reservoir seismology and environmental impacts, this is an invaluable resource for geologists, geophysicists and reservoir engineers.
Download or read book The Mechanism of Induced Seismicity written by Cezar I. Trifu and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring written by Ana Karen Ortega Perez and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Well-monitoring before, during, and after hydraulic fracturing treatment is essential to accomplish a successful fracture completion program. By knowing the geometry, orientation, and propagation of the hydraulic fractures, we can identify potential completion issues during fracturing operations and help in the design of more efficient unconventional reservoir completions. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is an emerging technology in hydraulic fracture monitoring that enables continuous, real-time measurements along the entire length of a fiber optic cable. The low-frequency band of DAS records strain perturbations of the medium, due to fracture propagation, which provides critical constraints on hydraulic fracture geometry. In this study, the low-frequency DAS strain fronts was analyzed, with their corresponding pumping curves, for one hydraulic fracturing treatment to obtain information on the hydraulic fractures like fracture azimuth, propagation speed, number of fractures created during each stage and re-stimulation of pre-existent fractures. Then, the microseismicity of the treatment was analyzed to obtain information on hydraulic fractures like length, height, trajectory and cloud growth over time. The microseismicity was also projected onto the strain fronts to study the development of the events with respect to the fracture signal and to find correlations between the strain changes and the microseismic events. Finally, the PKN model was computed using parameters from the stimulation treatment and the DAS strain fronts to forecast anticipated fracture lengths against observations. The PKN modeling results were compared to the microseismic and DAS results to find stages where the hydraulic fractures did not grow or propagate as expected. The low-frequency DAS is able to obtain information on hydraulic fractures that would need extra processing or might not be picked up using other records as microseismicity. However, the spatial constraint of the measurements in DAS needs to be taken into consideration. This spatial constraint can be addressed by the integration of other records. In general, there is good agreement between the LF DAS data, the pumping information, the microseismic data and the PKN model. But when they do not agree on a stage, that gives us an indication that something unexpected happened during injection. Models describing the expected behavior of the different records analyzed in this research were created to explain some possible scenarios of fracture propagation. Most stages in this treatment fall within one of these models.
Download or read book A Study Of Microseismic Location Uncertainty written by Sirui Ma and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microseismic is an effective method of monitoring hydraulic fracture propagation in unconventional shale oil and gas field development. In this study, microseismic events are located by grid search method while location uncertainty is quantified in probability contours at the same time. We test the impact of different algorithm inputs on the location uncertainty. Variables include the choice(s) of velocity model, downhole array(s) geometry, seismic phase(s) (P-wave, SH-wave) and particle motion. We picked one perforation event recorded during the hydraulic fracturing of the Utica Shale in Ohio. By altering variables, we find out that S-wave arrival is better in constrain the uncertainty of location; whip array is better than single array; back-azimuth is not effective in downhole vertical array.
Download or read book Understanding Hydraulic Fracture Growth Effectiveness and Safety Through Microseismic Monitoring written by Norman Warpinski and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Hydraulic Fracture Growth, Effectiveness, and Safety Through Microseismic Monitoring.
Download or read book Handbook of Hydraulic Fracturing written by James G. Speight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an up-to-date description of current and new hydraulic fracturing processes Details Emerging Technologies such as Fracture Treatment Design, Open Hole Fracturing, Screenless Completions, Sand Control, Fracturing Completions and Productivity Covers Environmental Impact issues including Geological Disturbance; Chemicals used in Fracturing; General Chemicals; Toxic Chemicals; and Air, Water, Land, and Health impacts Provides many process diagrams as well as tables of feedstocks and their respective products
Download or read book Field Scale Permeability Estimation Based on Microseismic Monitoring written by Xin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 3-dimension diffusion equation which describes fluid flow during hydraulic fracturing is interpreted in a statistical way. For all diffusing particles in a pumping procedure, the root-mean-square average of diffusing distance, which evaluates the fluctuation of diffusing particles as time evolves, is proportional to the square root of the product of diffusivity and elapsed time. The diffusivity is obtained from the spatial-temporal distribution of located microseismic events as a function of the distance between these events and pumping points, as well as elapsed time from injection inception. The upper-limit diffusivity of the original formation is characterized by the curve which fits the outermost located events on a distance-time plot. Similarly, diffusivity of the formation after hydraulic fracturing is obtained by curve fitting innermost located events induced by fluid flow back after injection stops. The theoretical expression between the diffusivity tensor and permeability tensor is obtained based on an isothermal condition and assumed incompressible slurry. The diffusivity tensor is found to be equal to the permeability tensor divided by a scalar which is the product of dynamic viscosity, connected formation porosity, and formation compressibility. Application of these equations to microseismic data acquired in the Barnett Shale Formation yields, with assumed hydraulic fracture geometry, initial permeability of 0.16 to 3.21 milliDarcy in the assumed dominant direction of fracturing and normal to it, with an increase to 12.1 milliDarcy along the dominant direction of fracturing after hydraulic fracturing. Numerical simulation results of fluid flow in synthetic media demonstrate: (1) If the flow domain size is not much larger than the part influenced by the entrance effect, the variables in Darcy’s law are inter-dependent. If so, the obtained permeability, no matter by experiment or simulation, cannot be upscaled, even under homogeneous condition. (2) The volume or area influenced by the entrance effect inside the flow domain depends on the geometry of the flow domain, fluid properties, and in-situ parameters. The more viscous fluid flow in a lower rate, the smaller volume or area influenced by entrance effect. (3) The flow field is difficult to be fully developed in a periodic domain. The wide throat zones store fluid as reservoirs.
