Download or read book Development of Increased Reliability Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Arrays written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) should see increasing use for short distance optical interconnects in the next 5-10 years: data rate requirements will exceed 10 Gbit/second. It was shown in the proposal that at these data rates electrical current requirements on the VCSELs cause excessive failure rates due to current mitigated defect formation and thermal rise in the active region. Here the thermal rise is addressed through reduction of thermal impedance from the active region to the heat sink. For 40 Gbit/second VCSELs, a reduction of thermal impedance from 1500 C/W to 100 C/W will increase mean lifetime from minutes to years. We proposed to achieve this reduction via flip-chip bonding of the VCSEL, using solder bonding directly to the VCSEL's active area, in conjunction with a reduction of the associated mirror stack via incorporation of metal reflectors. We have achieved 500 C/W, albeit with increased failure rate at a given active region temperature due to bond stresses. This quandary of being able to reduce thermal impedance by bonding near the active region to provide a direct heat path, but at the same time increasing failure rate at a given temperature because of the mechanical stresses induced needs to be addressed in future work.

Download or read book Current Trends In Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers written by Tien Pei Lee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-07-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With significant progress made in recent years, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as potential lightwave sources with a variety of applications, including high speed optical interconnects, parallel data links, optical recording, 2-D scanning, and optical signal processing. This volume, which contains a collection of articles by outstanding experts on this topic, encompasses a broad discussion of the current trends in the development of VCSELs. Discussions include material growths, structure designs, processing methods, performance analysis, improvement strategies, and future prospects. The collection provides a comprehensive overview that may help newcomers to this field as well as engineers and researchers who are engaged in the research and development of this new exciting device family.

Download or read book Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers written by Terence Edward Sale and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1995 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from basic principles, this book provides coverage of the operation and design of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). It includes original experimental work, backed up by calculations and theoretical analysis, and reviews work already done in the field.

Download or read book Current Trends in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers written by Tien-Pei Lee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With significant progress made in recent years, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as potential lightwave sources with a variety of applications, including high speed optical interconnects, parallel data links, optical recording, 2-D scanning, and optical signal processing. This volume, which contains a collection of articles by outstanding experts on this topic, encompasses a broad discussion of the current trends in the development of VCSELs. Discussions include material growths, structure designs, processing methods, performance analysis, improvement strategies, and future prospects. The collection provides a comprehensive overview that may help newcomers to this field as well as engineers and researchers who are engaged in the research and development of this new exciting device family.

Download or read book Reliability and Degradation written by M. J. Howes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1981 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book VCSEL Industry written by Babu Dayal Padullaparthi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-29 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hands-on reference to the technical, commercial, and industrial aspects of VCSEL technology In VCSEL Industry: Communication and Sensing, a team of distinguished researchers and manufacturing professionals deliver a thorough and practical reference guide to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for young entrepreneurs, investors, venture capitalists, and researchers. The authors offer comprehensive descriptions of the technology involved, as well as a robust exploration of the industry and commercial landscape in which VCSELs exist. The book contains numerous illustrations and schematics of the anatomy of VCSEL product developments and an insightful discussion of the proliferation of VCSELs in photonics and optics. There is also a dedicated section on photoreceivers used for VCSEL-based data communications and sensing. VCSEL Industry: Communication and Sensing provides readers with an accessible, commercial perspective of an important technology while offering just enough technical detail to make sense of the subject. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to VCSELs, including discussions of semiconductor lasers, materials, wavelengths, and why VCSELs are attractive for photonics applications Comprehensive explorations of the VCSEL industry, including market demands, an industry landscape, descriptions of commercial products based on VCSELs, and business models Practical discussions of VCSELs for data communication, including high-speed VCSELs, gain and parasitic effects on bandwidth and speed, and form factors and standards In-depth examinations of VCSEL arrays for sensing, including high-power VCSELs in consumer electronics Perfect for early-career researchers, engineers, entrepreneurs, investors, and managers, VCSEL Industry: Communication and Sensing will also prove to be an invaluable addition to the libraries of executives from across the semiconductor industry.

Download or read book Analysis and Design of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers written by S. F. Yu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-04 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical, hands-on guidebook for the efficient modeling of VCSELs Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are a unique type of semiconductor laser whose optical output is vertically emitted from the surface as opposed to conventional edge-emitting semiconductor lasers. Complex in design and expensive to produce, VCSELs nevertheless represent an already widely used laser technology that promises to have even more significant applications in the future. Although the research has accelerated, there have been relatively few books written on this important topic. Analysis and Design of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers seeks to encapsulate this growing body of knowledge into a single, comprehensive reference that will be of equal value for both professionals and academics in the field. The author, a recognized expert in the field of VCSELs, attempts to clarify often conflicting assumptions in order to help readers achieve the simplest and most efficient VCSEL models for any given problem. Highlights of the text include: * A clear and comprehensive theoretical treatment of VCSELs * Detailed derivations for understanding the operational principles of VCSELs * Mathematical models for the investigation of electrical, optical, and thermal properties of VCSELs * Case studies on the mathematical modeling of VCSELs and the implementation of simulation programs

Download or read book Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers written by Carl W. Wilmsen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-11-12 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1999, provides a comprehensive description of the physics, design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

Download or read book Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers written by Julian Cheng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since first coming into existence in the early 90s, the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) has made several quantum leaps in performance. The performance of VCSELs now exceeds that of edge-emitting lasers in many respects, and offers a superior optical beam and much easier monolithic integrability. As the VCSEL technology improves furth

Download or read book Selectively Oxidized Patterned InP based Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers and VCSEL Arrays written by Herte Gebretsadik and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the development of low loss optical fibers over 25 years ago, optical communications has become the system of choice for worldwide communication networks. Some of the many advantages over previous systems include: large transmission bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, low transmission loss, low weight, low power consumption, and relatively low cost. As multimedia services including the internet, cable television, high definition television (HDTV), and computer links become indispensable in our daily lives, large amounts of data must be transmitted through the information highway. This poses a serious challenge on the current communication network.

Download or read book Wallboard and Wall Plaster except Gypsium Building Insulation and Floor Composition Manuf Corporations written by and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vertical cavity Surface emitting Laser Arrays written by Jack L. Jewell and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book VCSELs written by Rainer Michalzik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The huge progress which has been achieved in the field is covered here, in the first comprehensive monograph on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) since eight years. Apart from chapters reviewing the research field and the laser fundamentals, there are comprehensive updates on red and blue emitting VCSELs, telecommunication VCSELs, optical transceivers, and parallel-optical links for computer interconnects. Entirely new contributions are made to the fields of vectorial three-dimensional optical modeling, single-mode VCSELs, polarization control, polarization dynamics, very-high-speed design, high-power emission, use of high-contrast gratings, GaInNAsSb long-wavelength VCSELs, optical video links, VCSELs for optical mice and sensing, as well as VCSEL-based laser printing. The book appeals to researchers, optical engineers and graduate students.

Download or read book Multiple wavelength Vertical cavity Surface emitting Laser Arrays for High speed Local Area Networks written by Wu-Pen Yuen and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Surface Emitting Semiconductor Lasers and Arrays written by Gary A. Evans and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews all the basic types of surface emitting semiconductor lasers, including vertical cavity, etched-mirror integrated beam deflectors and grating out-coupled devices. The book also addresses such topics as edge-emitting arrays, thermal management and coherence.

Download or read book Phase locked Arrays of Vertical cavity Surface emitting Lasers written by Mial E. Warren and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are of increasing interest to the photonics community because of their surface-emitting structure, simple fabrication and packaging, wafer-level testability and potential for low cost. Scaling VCSELs to higher power outputs requires increasing the device area, which leads to transverse mode control difficulties if devices become larger than 10-15 microns. One approach to increasing the device size while maintaining a well controlled transverse mode profile is to form coupled or phase-locked, two-dimensional arrays of VCSELs that are individually single-transverse mode. The authors have fabricated and characterized both photopumped and electrically injected two-dimensional VCSEL arrays with apertures over 100 microns wide. Their work has led to an increased understanding of these devices and they have developed new types of devices, including hybrid semiconductor/dielectric mirror VCSEL arrays, VCSEL arrays with etched trench, self-aligned, gold grid contacts and arrays with integrated phase-shifters to correct the far-field pattern.

Download or read book Development of Visible Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers written by Timothy M. Calvert and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As coaxial cable networks rapidly approach their data carrying limit an alternative method of data solution to this problem is needed to cope with the demand for high data rates. A low cost solution to this problem is to transmit data in parallel via cheap multimode plastic fibre ribbons and to use monolithic arrays of red VCSELs as the optical transmitters. VCSELs' intrinsic high speed, planar geometry and circular beam profile make them ideally suited for such systems. Other commercial applications include bar code readers, laser printing, visible displays (such as head up displays) and the automotive and aerospace industry. Visible VCSELs suffer from excess heating due to several factors. In particular the top p-doped A1GaAs distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror presents a high series resistance due to the large valance band offset leading to strong Ohmic heating and poor thermal impedance. This situation is amplified by the stipulation that the VCSEL is bonded down with the p-doped mirror uppermost, which further increases the thermal impedance of the packaged laser.To overcome these problems this work considers methods of extracting the heat generated internally by examining different fabrication schemes. By means of a thermal model developed, the optimum fabrication parameters with regard to mesa diameter and substrate thickness that provide the most efficient heat extraction from the devices are determined. The use of substrate etch back and wafer-bonding techniques will allow the VCSEL to be processed on alternative substrates such as Si which will improve the device heat sinking due to silicon's good thermal conductivity. In addition, the ability to fabricate VCSELs on Si increases the feasibility of integration with Si CMOS electronics.This work has produced devices emitting at 668 nm (20°C) with record heat sink temperature operation up to 80°C and over 1 mW single mode output power at 20°C. Devices emitting at 665 nm and 675 nm have been fabricated, producing multimode output powers at 20°C of 2 mW and 2.8 mW respectively. Bondable VCSELs have been successfully transferred to non GaAs substrates with no deterioration of performance. A six-element array operating at 675 nm capable of being butt coupled to 125 ~m diameter fibre has produced over 12 mW output power at 20°C with no evidence of thermal cross talk between elements in the array.